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Home My WebLink About07/23/2025 STUDY SESSION AGENDA PACKET CITY COUNCIL 345 6th Street, Suite 100, Bremerton, WA 98337  Phone (360) 473-5280 WEDNESDAY, JULY 23, 2025 CITY COUNCIL STUDY SESSION AGENDA Starting at 5:00 PM in Council Conference Room 603 Council Conference Room 603 will be open to the public to attend the Study Session in-person, but there will be no opportunities for input. However, public questions or comments may be submitted at any time to City.Council@bremertonwa.gov. Please remember that the content of the Agenda Bill items is subject to change; and no action at the Study Session is anticipated. If approved by the Council, these items will be placed on the August 6, 2025 City Council Meeting Agenda, or as indicated.  Members of the public may click the link below to join the webinar: https://bremertonwa-gov.zoom.us/j/87318266756?pwd=ZWlMVnVYbFBHYjY5U1RJUmFreDFXUT09  Or One tap mobile: US: +12532050468…87318266756#…*857582# or +12532158782… 87318266756#…*857582#  Or Telephone: Dial (for higher quality, dial a number based on your current location): US: +1 253 205 0468 or +1 253 215 8782 or +1 346 248 7799 or +1 669 444 9171 or +1 669 900 6833 Webinar ID: 873 1826 6756; Passcode: 857582 A. INFORMATION ONLY PRESENTATION 1. Update on Impact of Homelessness Outreach – Police Captain Aaron Elton with Brendan Perko and Trisha Munson with Commonstreet Consulting, LLC B. AGENDA BILL BRIEFINGS 1. Resolution adopting the Kitsap County Multi-Jurisdiction Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan – Fire Chief Pat McGanney 2. Ordinance amending Ordinance No. 5503 relating to the City of Bremerton’s Fiscal Years 2025 to 2026 Budgets – Financial & Administrative Services Director Mike Riley and Budget Analyst Missy Gaines C. GENERAL COUNCIL BUSINESS 1. Update on Council Goal #8 (iii) Housing Equity – Multi-Family Tax Exemption Ad Hoc Committee Council Members Eric Younger and Denise Frey 2. Update on Council Goal #5 Economic Development – Lodging Tax Ad Hoc Committee Council Members Denise Frey and Michael Goodnow 3. Public Safety Committee Briefing (Last Meeting 7/10/25) – Chair Michael Goodnow 4. Public Works Committee Briefing (Last Meeting 7/15/25) – Council Member Denise Frey 5. Parks, Finance, Investment, & Parking Committee Briefing (Last Meeting 7/22/25) – Vice Chair Michael Goodnow 6. Regional and Other Committee/Board Briefings 7. Other General Council Business (As necessary and as time allows) D. EXECUTIVE SESSION 1. 15-Minutes to discuss Qualifications of an Applicant for Public Employment or to Review the Performance of a Public Employee as allowed under RCW 42.30.110 (1) (g) No action anticipated E. ADJOURNMENT OF STUDY SESSION Americans with Disabilities Act accommodations provided upon request. Those requiring special accommodations should contact the City Clerk’s Office at (360) 473-5323 at least 24 hours prior to the meeting. Form Updated 4.19.2024 INFORMATION ONLY ITEM CITY OF BREMERTON CITY COUNCIL SUBJECT: Update on Impact of Homelessness Outreach Study Session Date: July 23, 2025 Presenter: Aaron Elton, BPD Brendan Perko and Trisha Munson, Commonstreet Consulting Phone: (360) 473-5978 SUMMARY: Outreach programs are crucial for identifying individuals experiencing homelessness and connecting them with resources. The consistent presence of the Commonstreets Consultants fosters trust and rapport with individuals who may hesitate to seek available services. HANDOUTS: Homelessness Response Power Point Presentation A1 Homelessness Response Property Management Bremerton City Council Update 07/23/2025 Female with severe mental health and physical challenges Was living outside for more than 6 years. She has been placed in an adult family home where her daily needs are being met and her quality of life is being restored. A few service providers were important pieces of this outcome. She has been housed for 5 months now and is doing incredibly well. Outreach & Engagement Outcomes Elderly female with significant SUD, mental health challenges, and medical complications She has been housed in permanent housing for approximately 4 months. She is now thriving instead of surviving. Outreach & Engagement Outcomes Outreach & Engagement Outcomes Pregnant female with significant SUD challenges and fleeing domestic violence Has been clean and sober for approximately 11 months. She is living housed in her own apartment, has full custody of her healthy baby, and they are both doing well. Mom is engaged in many community-based services and is learning how to live in recovery as a Mama. Outreach & Engagement Outcomes Male with high acuity mental health challenges Lived unhoused for most of his adult life. Currently in permanent supportive housing and learning how to live appropriately independent. Challenges Limited access to available resources due to barriers experienced by some individuals we are serving Respite Low-barrier entry for family services Challenges Frequently utilized services outside of the County that would be beneficial to have closer to Bremerton Safe parking Low-barrier medical detox Transportation - Thank You! Summary Multiple individuals connected to shelters and/or transitional housing More and more people willing to engage in resources and work a plan to change the trajectory of their lives Other service providers continue to partner when appropriate, working towards positive outcomes THANK YOU! AGENDA BILL CITY OF BREMERTON CITY COUNCIL SUBJECT: Study Session Date: July 23, 2025 Resolution adopting the Kitsap County Multi- Jurisdiction Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan COUNCIL MEETING Date: August 6, 2025 Department: Fire Presenter: Chief Pat McGanney Phone: (360) 473-5380 SUMMARY: In order to receive federal mitigation funds after a disaster, the entity must have an adopted Hazard Mitigation Plan. Kitsap County and the four cities within, have a plan in place, which has been revised in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2024. This resolution will adopt the revised Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 2024 for the City of Bremerton ATTACHMENTS: Kitsap County Multi-Jurisdictional Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, Resolution FISCAL IMPACTS (Include Budgeted Amount): STUDY SESSION ACTION: ☐ Consent Agenda ☐ General Business ☐ Public Hearing RECOMMENDED MOTION: Move to adopt Resolution # approving the Kitsap County Multi-Jurisdiction Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan for the City of Bremerton and authorize the Mayor to finalize and execute the agreement with substantially the same terms and conditions as presented. COUNCIL ACTION: Approve Deny Table Continue No Action Form Updated 04/19/2024 B1 RESOLUTION NO. Resolution no. ______________ A RESOLUTION of the City Council of the City of Bremerton, Washington, adopting the revision of the Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan WHEREAS, the Federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires that all local organizations (governmental, tribal and not-for-profits), have an approved local mitigation plan in accordance with 44 CFR 201.6 prior to receiving Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMPG) funding; and WHEREAS, The Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management has previously prepared a Kitsap County Mitigation Multi-Hazard Plan and has recently revised the Plan and provided it to the Board of County Commissioners; and WHEREAS, the Plan has been updated to ensure consistency with the Federal Disaster Mitigation Act 2000; and WHEREAS, the Plan shall not necessarily imply advocacy of, or support for, individual mitigation initiatives proposed by other participating organizations, and the adoption of the plan shall be subject to limitations as defined in the Plan, and WHEREAS, the Council finds that adopting the revised Kitsap County MHMP Resolution no. 018-2025 will promote the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Bremerton; now, therefore THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BREMERTON DOES HEREBY RESOLVE: SECTION 1: That the revised Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan is hereby adopted. SECTION 2. Severability. If anyone or more sections, subsections, or sentences of this Resolution are held to be unconstitutional or invalid, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion of this Resolution and the same shall remain in full force and effect. SECTION 3. Effective Date. This Resolution shall take effect and be in force immediately upon its passage. RESOLUTION NO. Resolution no. ______________ PASSED by the City Council of the City of Bremert on, Washington this ___ day of _____________. 20___. _____________________________ ERIC YOUNGER, Council President APPROVED AS TO FORM: ________________________ Kylie J. Finnell, City Attorney Attest: Angela Hoover, City Clerk Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Meeting Date: January 27, 2025 Agenda Item No: Kitsap County Board of Commissioners Office/Department: Emergency Management Staff Contact: Jan Glarum (360) 900-8556 Agenda Item Title: Resolution approving the Multi Hazard Mitigation Plan Recommended Action: Move to adopt the Resolution approving the Multi Hazard Mitigation Plan Summary: It is vital for Kitsap County to have a proactive, coordinated approach to mitigation for it is these mitigation measures that save lives, reduce injuries, and prevent or decrease financial losses from the many hazards our region faces. Kitsap County’s Department of Emergency Management (KCDEM) remains committed to providing coordination to identify potential alternatives for mitigation projects and to help to secure risk reduction funding for the benefit of the County, its cities, Tribal partners, and the unincorporated regions within Kitsap County. The 2024 MHMP review and update, past mitigation programs and strategies were reviewed, new mitigation measures were examined that could reduce the loss of life and property, human suffering, economic disruption, and disaster assistance costs. The Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) in 2024 underwent its second major update since 2013, to include lessons learned and updates from the response and challenges related to the global pandemic. The 2024 edition of the MHMP is a product of the review and updates from participation from Kitsap County internal government departments/agencies, local government city jurisdictions, fire and utility districts, special purpose districts, school districts, KCDEM, State of Washington Emergency Management Division (State EMD), with final approval from U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and adoption by the Kitsap Board of Commissioners. Attachments: 1. Resolution 2. Multi Hazard Mitigation Plan Fiscal Impact for this Specific Action Expenditure required for this specific action: NA Related Revenue for this specific action: NA Cost Savings for this specific action: NA Net Fiscal Impact: NA Source of Funds: NA Departmental Coordination Office/Department Department Director Recommendation Emergency Management Jan Glarum Approve Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 This page intentionally left blank. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 This page intentionally left blank. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Kitsap County Multi -Jurisdictional Multi -Hazard Mitigation Plan December 2024 Kitsap County City of Bainbridge Island, City of Bremerton, City of Port Orchard, City of Poulsbo Prepared by: vi Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 This page intentionally left blank. vii Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Table of Contents Kitsap County Board of Commissioners Adoption i Tables & Figures x Record of Changes 1 Executive Summary 3 Introduction 5 The Planning Process 8 Mitigation Planning Defined 8 Lead Agency and Stakeholder Steering Committee Participation 10 Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment 20 (THIRA) Process 20 Hazard Mitigation Process for Kitsap County 23 Public Outreach & Engagement 29 Stakeholder Review & Adoption Process 32 Plan Review & Adoption Process 33 Plan Evaluation & Maintenance 35 Integration with other Local Plans 37 Kitsap County Profile 39 Kitsap County 40 People 41 Built Environment 46 Asset Inventory 50 Physical and Improved Assets 54 Natural Environment 57 Mitigation Strategies & Recommendations 65 Mitigation Strategy Updates from 2019 MHMP 65 Funding/Financial Resources 66 Earthquake Mitigation Strategies 66 Hazard Overview 67 Location 67 Effects / Extent 69 Expected Extent 76 History 79 Probability of Future Events 81 Climate Change Impacts 82 Vulnerability Summary 82 Conclusions 83 Mitigation Strategies 84 Landslide & Erosion Mitigation Strategies 86 Hazard Overview 86 Location/Extent 86 Effects 87 History 88 Probability of Future Events 88 viii Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Climate Change Impacts 92 Vulnerability Summary 93 Conclusions 93 Mitigation Strategies 95 Tsunami Mitigation Strategies 96 Hazard Overview 96 Location 97 Effects 98 Extent 99 History 101 Probability of Future Events 102 Climate Change Impacts 104 Vulnerability Summary 104 Conclusions 105 Mitigation Strategies 106 Wildfire & Urban Fire Mitigation Strategies 109 Hazard Overview 109 Location 109 Effects 109 Extent 110 History 110 Probability of Future Events 111 Climate Change Impacts 113 Vulnerability Summary 113 Conclusions 114 Mitigation Strategies 114 Flood Mitigation Strategies 119 Hazard Overview 119 Location/Extent 119 Effects 121 History 121 Probability of Future Events 123 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) 124 Climate Change Impacts 132 Vulnerability Summary 133 Conclusions 134 Mitigation Strategies 135 Severe Storms/Tornado Mitigation Strategies 139 Hazard Overview 139 Location 139 Effects 139 Extent 140 History 141 Probability of Future Events 142 Climate Change Impacts 142 Vulnerability Summary 142 ix Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Conclusions 143 Mitigation Strategy 144 Drought Mitigation Strategies 146 Hazard Overview 146 Location 146 Effects 146 Extent 147 History 148 Probability of Future Events 148 Climate Change Impacts 149 Vulnerability Summary 149 Conclusions 150 Mitigation Strategies 151 Multi-Hazard Mitigation Strategies 153 Multi-Hazard Public Education Programs Mitigation Strategies 155 Mitigation Strategies Updates from the 2019 Plan 158 Mitigation Strategies Updates from the 2013 Plan 158 City-Specific Mitigation Strategies 170 City of Bainbridge Island 170 City of Bremerton 175 City of Port Orchard 178 City of Poulsbo 183 Kitsap County 186 Future Actions & Goals 186 Future Actions 186 Long-Term Goals & Strategies 187 Appendix A: Participating City Profiles 188 Bainbridge Island 190 Bremerton 215 Port Orchard 241 Poulsbo 264 Appendix B: Capability Assessment 284 Government 285 County and City Maps 287 Infrastructure 288 Critical & Essential Facilities 288 Transportation 288 Vulnerable Populations 289 Cultural and Historical Assets 290 Hazard Mitigation Funding Resources 298 Appendix C: MHMP Update History 304 Appendix D: Stakeholders and Engagement Records 308 Appendix E: Special Districts 317 Appendix F: References & Authorities 321 Appendix G: Glossary 327 x Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Tables & Figures Tables Table 1: Record of Changes. 2 Table 2: List of Jurisdictions participating in the review, edit, and update process. 14 Table 3: Record of Review, Edit, and Update process. 18 Table 4: Risk Rating Adjective Descriptions. 22 Table 5: 2022 Kitsap THIRA Risk Ratings. 23 Table 6: Community Survey Results. 30 Table 7: Overview of Community Feedback and actions taken. 32 Table 8: Kitsap County MHMP Agency Review and Adoption. 34 Table 9: Historic MHMP Review, Evaluation, and Update (2005 - 2024). 37 Table 10: Kitsap County Most Recent Population Estimates. 41 Table 11: Kitsap County Areas of Mitigation Interest. 46 Table 12: Kitsap County Critical Facilities & Cultural Resources. 54 Table 13: Listing of Culturally Sensitive Sites Port Madison Indian Reservation. 56 Table 14: Kitsap County Emergency/Disaster History 1962-2024. 63 Table 15: Kitsap County Hazard Loss 1960 - 2024. 63 Table 16: Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake. 78 Table 17: Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Kitsap County. 78 Table 18: Washington State Earthquakes 80 Table 19: Building Exposure to Landslides. 88 Table 20: Kitsap County LIDAR Defined Landslides (2018). 89 Table 21: Building Exposure to Landslides. 89 Table 22: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Tsunami. 99 Table 23: Types of Tsunami Risk (WADNR). 100 Table 24: Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Fire in Kitsap County (2024). 112 Table 25: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Fire. 113 Table 26: Special Flood Hazard Area Assessments. 123 Table 27: National Flood Insurance Information. 124 Table 28: Community FIRM Information. 127 Table 29: Community Rating System Participation. 132 Table 30: Fujita Tornado Intensity Scale. 140 Table 31: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Severe Storms. 141 Table 32: Drought Severity Classification. 147 Table 33: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Drought. 148 Table 34: Long-Term Goals & Strategies. 187 Table 35: Bainbridge Island Population Information. 190 Table 36: City of Bainbridge Areas of Mitigation Interest. 193 Table 37: Bainbridge Island Housing / residential structures. 193 Table 38: Bainbridge Island Critical Facilities. 197 Table 39: Emergency/Disaster History for Bainbridge Island. 200 Table 40: Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment for Bainbridge Island. 204 Table 41: Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Bainbridge Island. 209 Table 42: Estimated dollar value for damages from a M7.2 Seattle Fault Earthquake, Bainbridge xi Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Island. 210 Table 43: City of Bainbridge Island (COBI) Asset Profile. 214 Table 44: Bremerton Population Information. 215 Table 45: City of Bremerton Areas of Mitigation Interest. 217 Table 46: Bremerton Housing Characteristics 2020-2024 (US Census, 2022). 218 Table 47: Emergency/Disaster History for Bremerton. 221 Table 48: Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment. 226 Table 49: Flood Risk Community Characteristics. 226 Table 50: Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake. 230 Table 51: Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Kitsap County. 230 Table 52: Asset Profile City of Bremerton. 240 Table 53: Port Orchard Population Information. 241 Table 54: City of Port Orchard Areas of Mitigation Interest. 243 Table 55: Port Orchard Housing Characteristics 2017-2022 (US Census, 2022). 244 Table 56: Emergency/Disaster History for Port Orchard. 247 Table 57: Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment. 251 Table 58: Flood Risk Community characteristics. 251 Table 59: Port Orchard Building Exposure to Landslides. 256 Table 60: Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake. 256 Table 61: Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Port Orchard. 256 Table 62: Asset Profile City of Port Orchard. 263 Table 63: Poulsbo Population Information. 264 Table 64: City of Poulsbo Areas of Mitigation Interest. 267 Table 65: Poulsbo Housing Characteristics 2017 -2022 (US Census, 2022). 268 Table 66: Emergency/Disaster History for Poulsbo. 267 Table 67: Poulsbo Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment. 270 Table 68: Poulsbo Flood Risk Community Characteristics. 270 Table 69: Poulsbo Building Exposure to Landslides. 274 Table 70: Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake. 275 Table 71: Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Kitsap County. 276 Table 72: Asset Profile City of Poulsbo. 283 xii Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Figures Figure 1: Five mission areas organize the 32 core capabilities needed to address threat and hazards. ................. 20 Figure 2: Map of Kitsap County. ........................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 3: Map of Census Urbanized Areas & Urban Growth. ............................................................................... 42 Figure 4: Kitsap Zoning Map amended Nov 13, 2023. .......................................................................................... 43 Figure 5: Kitsap County Population with a Disability by subgroups. .................................................................... 44 Figure 6: Kitsap County Population Distribution .................................................................................................. 44 Figure 7: Kitsap County Populations with Functional and Access Needs. ............................................................ 45 Figure 8: Kitsap County Comprehensive Land Use (2023). .................................................................................. 47 Figure 9: Kitsap County Housing Characteristics - American Community Survey (2023). .................................. 48 Figure 10: Critical facilities; Medical / Dental Faculties. ...................................................................................... 50 Figure 11: Critical facilities; Water service areas. ................................................................................................. 50 Figure 12: Map of Culturally Sensitive Sites Port Madison Indian Reservation. .................................................. 56 Figure 13: Critical Areas of Kitsap County. .......................................................................................................... 60 Figure 14: Puget Sound Faults. .............................................................................................................................. 67 Figure 15: USGS Cascadia earthquake graphic. .................................................................................................... 68 Figure 16: Building Damage Percent during a 7.2M Earthquake on the Seattle Fault. ......................................... 70 Figure 17: 7.2 Seattle Fault Zone ground motion scenario. ................................................................................... 71 Figure 18: Estimated intensity of an 7.2 magnitude Seattle Fault earthquake. ...................................................... 72 Figure 19: Shaking Intensity for a 7.2 Seattle Fault Earthquake. ........................................................................... 77 Figure 20: Historical Earthquake Damage. ............................................................................................................ 81 Figure 21: Frequency of Damaging Earthquake Shaking Around the US. ............................................................ 81 Figure 22: Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Zones and Building Impacts. .......................................................... 87 Figure 23: Kitsap County Erosion Hazard Map ..................................................................................................... 90 Figure 24: Kitsap County Landslide Hazard Map ................................................................................................. 91 Figure 25: Maximum Inundation Depths for the Tsunami Generated by the Seattle Fault Scenario. .................... 97 Figure 26: Potential Tsunami Inundation Zone for Bremerton and Port Orchard (Kitsap County GIS (2022) ..... 98 Figure 27: Cascadia Subduction Zone. ................................................................................................................ 101 Figure 28: earthquake modeling .......................................................................................................................... 102 Figure 29: Tsunamis in Washington. ................................................................................................................... 103 Figure 30: Historical Wildfire locations and Wildland Urban Interface. ............................................................. 110 Figure 31: Kitsap County Fire Risk. .................................................................................................................... 112 Figure 32: FEMA Flood Mapping, Kitsap County. ............................................................................................. 120 Figure 33: 1% Annual Chance Depth Grid (in feet) for the city of Bremerton area. ........................................... 122 Figure 34: BFE Plus 1-, 2-, and 3- foot grids for the City of Bremerton area. ..................................................... 122 Figure 35: Watercourse and Surface Water. ........................................................................................................ 125 Figure 36: NFIP FIRMS Panel Map (2022). ........................................................................................................ 126 Figure 37: Potential flooding areas for East Central Kitsap County and Bainbridge Island. ............................... 128 Figure 38: Potential flooding losses West Central Kitsap County. ...................................................................... 129 Figure 39: Potential flooding South Kitsap and Port Orchard Areas. .................................................................. 130 Figure 40: Potential flooding for North Kitsap and Poulsbo areas. ..................................................................... 131 Figure 41: Port Orchard 2018 Tornado Path ........................................................................................................ 139 Figure 42: Age Distribution Bainbridge Island. ................................................................................................... 191 Figure 43: Bainbridge Island Vulnerable Population. .......................................................................................... 191 Figure 44: Bainbridge Island Population Density, © OpenStreetMap Contributors. ........................................... 192 Figure 45: Business Licenses on Bainbridge Island............................................................................................. 192 xiii Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Figure 46: Bainbridge Island Units and Occupancy 2023. .................................................................................. 194 Figure 47: Topography of Bainbridge Island. ...................................................................................................... 199 Figure 48: Building Damage Percentage (Loss Ratio) for Bainbridge Island. ..................................................... 204 Figure 49: Flood Zones: Bainbridge Island. ........................................................................................................ 205 Figure 50: Streams and Surface Water, City of Bainbridge Island, (Kitsap County GIS Department). ............. 206 Figure 51: LIDAR Data on Landslide: Bainbridge Island (USGS). .................................................................... 208 Figure 52: Liquefaction on Bainbridge Island. .................................................................................................... 210 Figure 53: Bremerton Population Distribution. ................................................................................................... 216 Figure 54: Bremerton's vulnerable populations. .................................................................................................. 216 Figure 55: Bremerton Population Density. .......................................................................................................... 217 Figure 56: Housing units and Occupancy rates, Bremerton 2023. ....................................................................... 218 Figure 57: Topographical Feature, City of Bremerton. ........................................................................................ 220 Figure 58: Bremerton Flood Zones. ..................................................................................................................... 225 Figure 59: Watercourse & Surface Water Map of Bremerton (Kitsap GIS Department). ................................... 227 Figure 60: LIDAR Data on Landslide, Bremerton (USGS). ................................................................................ 228 Figure 61: Liquefaction Areas, City of Bremerton (Kitsap County GIS Department). ....................................... 229 Figure 62: Tsunami Inundation, City of Bremerton. ............................................................................................ 231 Figure 63: Port Orchard population distribution by age. ..................................................................................... 241 Figure 64: Port Orchard Population Density. ....................................................................................................... 242 Figure 65: South Kitsap Vulnerable Population, includes Port Orchard.............................................................. 242 Figure 66: Port Orchard Housing, Units and Occupancy. .................................................................................... 244 Figure 67: Port Orchard City Limit growth due to annexation since 2008. ......................................................... 245 Figure 68: Elevation (LiDAR): Port Orchard. ..................................................................................................... 246 Figure 69: Flood Zones City of Port Orchard (Kitsap County GIS Department 2022). ...................................... 252 Figure 70: Streams and Surface Waters, City of Port Orchard (Kitsap County GIS Department 2022). ............ 253 Figure 71: LIDAR Data on Landslide Port Orchard (USGS). ............................................................................. 255 Figure 72: Liquefaction on Port Orchard (Kitsap County Department of Information Services). ....................... 257 Figure 73: Poulsbo Population Distribution. ........................................................................................................ 265 Figure 74: North Kitsap Vulnerable Population, including Poulsbo. ................................................................... 265 Figure 75: Population Density: City of Poulsbo. ................................................................................................. 266 Figure 76: Poulsbo Housing Units and Occupancy (US. Census, 2022) ............................................................. 268 Figure 77: Poulsbo Elevation using LiDAR. ....................................................................................................... 266 Figure 78: City of Poulsbo Flood Zones (Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2020). ............... 271 Figure 79: Streams and Surface Water, City of Poulsbo (Kitsap County GIS Department). ............................... 272 Figure 80: City of Poulsbo Water Hydrology (Kitsap County GIS Department). ............................................... 273 Figure 81: LIDAR Data on Landslide, City of Poulsbo (USGS). ........................................................................ 274 Figure 82: Liquefaction in Poulsbo. ..................................................................................................................... 275 Figure 83: Tsunami Models, City of Poulsbo (Kitsap County GIS Department). ............................................... 276 xiv Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 This page intentionally left blank. 1 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Record of Changes Element Description Date of Change Changed By Approval of 2019 MHMP • Board of commissioner’s approval of 2019 Multi- Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) Jan 27 2020 Approval United States Department of Homeland Security’s Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Region 10 Approval • FEMA Approval of Kitsap County’s MHMP. Jan 28 2020 Approval Annual Review • Annual review of MHMP, no edits or revisions at this time, updated to mitigation strategies noted. Jul 2021 N/A Governing document update • FEMA updated the “Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide • New guidelines to be incorporated as of 19 April 2023 Apr 2022 FEMA Annual Review • Annual review of MHMP, no edits or revisions at this time, updates to Mitigation strategies noted. Reviewed At LEPC mtg. • Discussion of FEMA’s updates to governing document. Jul 2022 N/A Annual review • Annual review of MHMP, no edits or revisions at this time, updates to Mitigation strategies noted. Reviewed At LEPC mtg. Nov 2023 N/A THIRA development • Development of Kitsap County’s THIRA Oct 2022 KCDEM WAEMD THIRA development • Multi Hazard Mitigation Plan reviewed and edited to include THIRA results and remove HIVA references. Jul 2024 KCDEM 2 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Mitigation Strategies & Recommendations • Reviewed, edited and updated mitigation strategies from City Profiles. • Updated maps, tables, and statistics. • Updated tables to house mitigation strategies for easier readability and reference. • Reviewed and updated mitigation strategies. Nov 2024 KCDEM with review from Cities and LEPC lead agencies Future Actions & Goals • Reviewed and updated goals. Nov 2024 KCDEM Appendices • Reviewed, edited and updated all appendixes to reflect current status and THIRA information Nov 2024 KCDEM Table 1: Record of Changes. Overall • Kitsap County DEM review, edit, and update of MHMP. • General grammar and spelling review and proofreading. • Updated graphics, maps, tables, and statistical data. • Updated for changes related to hazard-prone areas which have either increased or decreased in community vulnerability since 2019 approved plan. Sept 2024 KCDEM / Partner cities Executive Summary • Updated Executive Summary text to better reflect the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. • Reviewed and revised grammar and spelling. Nov 2024 KCDEM Introduction • Updated for inclusiveness, and equitability. • Revised text for better grammar and flow. • Updated Federal, State, and Local authorities and ordinances. • Moved Authority, pertinent laws, to Appendix F (References and Authority) Oct 2024 KCDEM The Planning Process • Heavily updated Planning Process section. Due to changes in community vulnerabilities since 2019 plan approval. • Updated new stakeholder and public engagement processes. • Updated information about the recent 2022 Kitsap County Threat and Hazard Identification. Aug 2024 KCDEM / Partner Cities Kitsap County Profile • Reviewed and Updated Kitsap County and partner city profiles to better capture and outline the Kitsap County population, economy, built environment, and natural environment and how the County may be impacted by hazards, to include updates to City profiles and information, and how these vulnerabilities have changed sing the last approved plan. • Updated section with the most recent 2022 THIRA information. • Updated emergency/disaster history information. Aug 2024 KCDEM / LEPC / Partner Cities 3 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Executive Summary The 2002 federal government enacted the Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA 2000; P.L. 106- 390) requires states, local jurisdictions, and tribal governments to have an approved mitigation plan in place to be eligible for mitigation funding. In 2022 under FP 206-21-0002 FEMA revised their “Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide”, which became effective April 19, 2023.1 During the 2024 review, edit, and update of Kitsap County’s MHMP the updated FEMA guidance was reviewed to ensure Kitsap County’s MHMP is compliant. Kitsap County’s Department of Emergency Management (KCDEM) remains committed to providing coordination to identify potential alternatives for mitigation projects and to help to secure risk reduction funding for the benefit of the County, its cities, Tribal partners, and the unincorporated regions within Kitsap County. It is vital for Kitsap County to have a proactive, coordinated approach to mitigation for it is these mitigation measures that save lives, reduce injuries, and prevent or decrease financial losses from the many hazards our region faces. For the 2024 MHMP review and update, past mitigation programs and strategies were reviewed, new mitigation measures were examined that could reduce the loss of life and property, human suffering, economic disruption, and disaster assistance costs. As additional funding sources become available, the county-wide plan will guide the selection of eligible projects from the criteria set forth in the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and from other mitigation funding sources such as the Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Grant which was utilized to fund this plan development initiative. The Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) is a living document and is now undergoing its second major update since 2013. KCDEM acknowledges that the update process was delayed due to challenges related to the global pandemic. To align with FEMA and the Department of Homeland Security in 2022 – 2023 Kitsap County moved to and completed a Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA), which is a three-step risk assessment process that helps communities understand their risks, determine capabilities and gaps, and develop mitigation strategies. The three steps revolve around the following three questions: 1. What threats and hazards can affect our community? 2. If they occurred, what impacts would those threats and hazards have on our community? 3. Based on those impacts, what capabilities should our community have, and what gaps are there.2 KCDEM started the MHMP review, edit, and update process with a review of the THIRA and current hazards effecting Kitsap County. The process included a review of information related to the integrate the effects of Climate Change and its effects on each hazard. The 2024 update also ensured compliance with the 2022 update to FEMA’s “Local Mitigation Planning Process Guide (publication FP 206-21-0002). The THIRA, which identifies and describes the hazards that may impact the County, informs the actions in the MHMP and was completed during 2022 with assistance from WA EMD. A note of interest, Kitsap County was impacted by its first significant tornado, a high F2, in December 2018. KCDEM conducted the formal MHMP Stakeholder Steering Committee and lead agencies Kick- off Meeting on 16 August 2022. In April 2023 KCDEM stood up a Local Emergency Planning 4 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Committee (LEPC) to routinely bring the stakeholders together ensuring all parties remained informed of the actions related to mitigation efforts and their impacts on the community. The 2024 edition of the MHMP is a product of the review and updates from participation from Kitsap County internal government departments/agencies, local government city jurisdictions, fire and utility districts, special purpose districts, school districts, KCDEM, State of Washington Emergency Management Division (State EMD), with final approval from U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The underlying regional mitigation plan goal is to implement the regional strategy through mutually beneficial and cost-effective regional projects. This MHMP meets the requirement for a Hazard Mitigation Plan under the amended Stafford Act 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(1), and FP 206-21-0002. Many local jurisdictions, communities, governmental agencies, along with the public were involved in the MHMP editing, updating and critical review processes. While many elements of the 2013 and 2019 MHMP have retained their integrity, statistics, strategies, studies, and research information were heavily reviewed ensuring the most recent and up-to-date information was utilized to guide the development of the 2024 MHMP, and to ensure the plan continues to incorporate impacts of climate change throughout the potential hazard impacts narration. General updates, documented FEMA declarations, and other significant hazard incidents have been updated and included from the years 2004 to 2024. All footnotes/endnotes and links have been reviewed, verified, and updated as needed or possible. This entire document has been reviewed in detail. The Record of Changes section on page 1 details all major changes made to this MHMP since the approval on 27 Jan 2020. During the development of this plan, some duplicative language, graphics, and narrations have been removed in order to enhance formatting and improve readability. The Kitsap County MHMP 2024 reflects Kitsap County and its emergency management program, and partner cities. Upon approval by FEMA, this document will be due for its next formal review in 2028 for submission to FEMA and Promulgation by December 2029. Contact Questions and comments about this MHMP can be directed to the: Jan Glarum Director, Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management 8900 Imperial Way SW, Bremerton WA. 98312 360-535-9988 dem@co.kitsap.wa.us 5 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Introduction Definition of Hazard Mitigation FEMA defines hazard mitigation as the efforts to reduce the loss of life and property by lessening the impact of hazards or disasters25, 39. For mitigation to be effective, the whole community needs to take action now—before the next disaster—to reduce human and financial consequences later (analyzing risk, reducing risk, and protecting against risk)25. Disasters can happen at any time and any place, and if the community isn’t prepared, consequences can be fatal. Hazard mitigation may occur before, during, or after any phase of a threat, emergency, or disaster. Effective mitigation requires that all stakeholders understand local risks, address the hard choices, and invest in long-term community well-being. Without mitigation actions, safety, financial security, and self-reliance may be adversely affected during an incident or disaster. In accordance with paragraph 2.2 of FP 206-21-000225, local governments may work together to create a multijurisdictional plan. For multi-jurisdictional plans, one community should be designated as the lead jurisdiction. For Kitsap County’s multi-jurisdictional MHMP Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management (KCDEM) is identified as the lead jurisdiction, further delineated in the planning section below in the Lead Agency and Stakeholder Steering Committee Participation section. As such KCDEM is responsible for ensuring each participating jurisdiction meets the requirements laid out in Section 4 “local planning requirements”, of FP 206-21-000225 prior to submitting the plan to the state, and then FEMA, for approval. KCDEM is also responsible for coordinating the plan submission and adoption by all participating jurisdictions. KCDEM will ensure that jurisdictions participating in Kitsap County’s multi-jurisdictional plan meet the mitigation planning requirements, adopt the plan and provide documentation to FEMA (via the state). Mission Statement The mission of the Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management (KCDEM) 88 is to prepare for, mitigate against, respond to, and recover from any emergency or disaster that affects Kitsap County and its Emergency Management Program Cities (Bremerton, Port Orchard and Poulsbo), and when called upon in a Countywide or regional impacting disaster. KCDEM provides support and assistance to the City of Bainbridge Island (COBI) who currently manages their own Emergency Management Program. Purpose According to FEMA, developing hazard mitigation plans enables state, tribal, and local governments to 25, 39 1. Increase education and awareness around threats, hazards, and vulnerabilities. 2. Build partnerships for risk reduction involving government, organizations, businesses, and the public. 3. Identify long-term, broadly supported strategies for risk reduction. 6 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 4. Align risk reduction with other state, tribal, or community objectives. 5. Identify implementation approaches that focus resources on the greatest risks and vulnerabilities. 6. Communicate priorities to potential sources of funding. The purpose of Kitsap County’s MHMP is to promote sound public policy designed to protect citizens, critical facilities, infrastructure, private property, and the environment from all hazards using hazard/threat/risk information identified in the current THIRA. This can be achieved by increasing public awareness of hazards, documenting the resources for risk reduction and loss- prevention, and identifying activities to guide the county towards building a safer, more sustainable community. Before agencies, groups, and individuals can prepare for and mitigate against hazards that have the potential to strike Kitsap County, it is necessary to understand the history and projected future hazard activity within Kitsap County, and how vulnerable the citizens may be to hazards within that context. The THIRA describes the hazards with the greatest potential threat to Kitsap County and its citizens, environment, personal and public property, and economy. This analysis serves as a basis from which Kitsap County develops plans, educates the public, provides training for first responders, and develops exercises / drills to practice the skills and apply knowledge to better prepare for the hazards that may occur within Kitsap County. The MHMP takes the hazard information from the THIRA and makes it actionable through mitigation strategies. Kitsap County has an active mitigation program working with County agencies, City, and special purpose districts to identify and mitigate hazards in Kitsap County. An approved MHMP is in place to benchmark mitigation strategies and take advantage of mitigation funding or local resources to improve Kitsap’s protection from hazards. Mitigation strategies are standard in many counties, and city land use and management plans to make the best use of land vulnerable to hazards.21 The plan identifies and evaluates specific hazard mitigation strategies to be considered by Kitsap County and its political subdivisions, agencies, and organizations. The strategies presented are deemed appropriate and effective by recommendation of Kitsap County’s Stakeholder Steering Committee and Local Emergency Planning Committee. Upon acceptance by the participating jurisdictions’ governing bodies, the selected strategies will be further developed for funding and implementation by the lead agencies. It is understood the mitigation strategies adopted in this plan are recommendations only, as they must be approved and funded to be designated as official Hazard Mitigation Strategies to be implemented by Kitsap County and its political subdivisions. Kitsap County has the responsibility to ensure that the plan’s mitigation strategies comply with all applicable legal requirements related to civil rights, to ensure nondiscrimination. To achieve this, during the 2024 review, edit, and update process, mitigation strategies were reviewed to ensure they provide equitable mitigation effects throughout the community to achieve equitable outcomes, including underserved communities and socially vulnerable populations. Kitsap County’s current THIRA covers both natural and technological hazards. Kitsap County is in alignment with Washington State emergency Management Department (WAEMD) which conducted a THIRA at the State level, and in local public planning specific to those threats. This MHMP focuses on the natural hazards that affect Kitsap County but also takes into consideration the current and possible future impacts of Climate Change. 7 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 This page intentionally left blank. 8 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 The Planning Process Mitigation Planning Defined Hazard mitigation planning identifies and prioritizes sustained measures that if enacted, will reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects. This plan briefly discusses human-made hazards, like terrorism, but will generally focus on natural hazards. Mitigation measures can reduce personal loss, save lives, and reduce the cost to local, State, and Federal governments for response and recovery actions. In the long run, mitigation, whether preparing citizens for disasters, training responders, or infrastructure protection, takes the burden off responders to concentrate on problems that cannot be mitigated, and/or reduces the effect on social and economic recovery. Internationally the focus on adaptation for climate change is focused on making hard and soft adaptive measures. Hard mitigation measures involve costly, large, and complex technology and infrastructure, whereas soft mitigation measures prioritize human capital, community engagement, simplicity, and appropriateness such as outreach and education programs. Kitsap County’s MHMP Strategies engage in a mixed approach of both hard and soft mitigation strategies which dovetail directly into the FEMA model for natural hazard mitigation as defined below. FEMA identifies four broad categories of actions that constitute natural hazard mitigation: 25, 28 1. Local Planning and Regulations (soft mitigation) 2. Education and Awareness Programs (soft mitigation) 3. Structure and Infrastructure Projects (hard mitigation) 4. Natural Systems Protection (hard mitigation) These categories become the core competencies for developing an effective mitigation program. Planners use the competencies to assess organizational mitigation efforts, develop processes that include these efforts, and select mitigation projects. As part of this assessment, it must involve other pertinent information that defines risk assessments and the value of mitigation to a jurisdiction and/or Kitsap County. FEMA require each local participant seeking approval for a mitigation plan to engage in the A1. DOES THE PLAN DOCUMENT THE PLANNING PROCESS, INCLUDING HOW IT WAS PREPARED AND WHO WAS INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS FOR EACH JURISDICTION? (44CFR § 201.6(C)(1)) 9 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 planning and public participation process to review and revise the plan25,28,39. Updated plans must specifically address the requirements for plan updates (Element E), along with each of the sub- elements, as detailed in Section 4. Communities must review all the other required elements for local mitigation plans for continued relevance and revise them accordingly. During the 2024 review, edit, and update each jurisdiction met with KCDEM to review their mitigations strategies, and changes in the hazards effecting their jurisdiction, specific interval emergencies and disasters were also reviewed. Mitigation measures were reviewed for status and to determine their continued applicability. Each jurisdiction participating in the review, edit, and update of the 2024 MHMP will provide the final MHMP which has been approved by the County Board of Commissioners and FEMA to their respective governing body for adoption. Integration with Other Plans The MHMP is a support annex to the Kitsap County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan. As part of the planning process, information related to hazards, risk, vulnerability, and mitigation was obtained from various plans used by Kitsap County such as the Kitsap County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan and the Washington State Enhanced Mitigation Plan. Changes in vulnerability for Kitsap and the Partner Cities were reviewed and taken into consideration during the review, edit, and update process, specifically when determining appropriate mitigation strategies and how each would be prioritized. The 2024 review, edit, and update of Kitsap County’s MHMP included a review of existing land use policies and regulatory ordinances while considering any plans for new policies and ordinances that improve and extend protection of the public health, safety and welfare. Information regarding hazards and threats from the current THIRA are integrated into the MHMP along with information from various local plans such as emergency operations plans and hazard mitigation plans for Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo, Kingston, Hansville, as well as other unincorporated towns, and special districts as applicable. Businesses, schools, and other community elements can also take advantage of the information provided in the THIRA and MHMP to build, review, and update their own emergency and mitigation plans. Partner Cities and Jurisdictions who participated in the review, edit and update will present the D.3 DOES THE PLAN DESCRIBE A PROCESS BY WHICH EACH COMMUNITY WILL INTEGRATE THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE MITIGATION PLAN INTO OTHER PLANNING MECHANISMS, SUCH AS COMPREHENSIVE OR CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLANS, WHEN APPROPRIATE? (44CFR § 201.6(C)(4)(II)) D.3 C FOR MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL PLANS, DOES THE PLAN DESCRIBE EACH PARTICIPANT’S INDIVIDUAL PROCESS FOR INTEGRATING INFORMATION FROM THE MITIGATION STRATEGY INTO THEIR IDENTIFIED PLANNING MECHANISMS? A1-B DOES THE PLAN LIST THE JURISDICTION(S) PARTICIPATING IN THE PLAN THAT SEEK APPROVAL, AND DESCRIBE HOW THEY PARTICIPATED IN THE PLANNING PROCESS? 10 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 MHMP to their approval body for adoption after the County Board of Commissioners and FEMA have approved the plan. The goal is to have all partner Cities and Jurisdiction adopt the plan by mid-2025. Lead Agency and Stakeholder Steering Committee Participation Comprised of one county commissioner, the mayors of Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo, and one city council member from Bainbridge Island, the Kitsap County Emergency Management Council was established in 1986 to provide direction, control, and oversight of the Department of Emergency Management. KCDEM acts as the lead agency in coordinating the efforts of the Kitsap County MHMP Stakeholder Steering Committee in formulating and supporting the Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Strategy Identification and Plan promulgation and maintenance. As the largest of the joint emergency management program members, Kitsap County is responsible for the financial administration of the joint emergency management program. KCDEM identified various stakeholders to be involved in the review, edit, and updating process and invited them via hybrid (online and in person) during the THIRA and MHMP initial review/edit meeting held on 16 Aug 2020. During 2023 – 2024 as a portion of the MHMP review, edit and update process Kitsap County with assistance from WAEMD conducted a County Emergency Preparedness Assessment (CEPA), this assessment also assisted in guiding hazard mitigation strategies as it identifies Risks, Capabilities, Response Capacity, Resource Inventory and Needs, along with Strengths, Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats. KCDEM acknowledges the contribution of many individuals for their hard work and dedication that made this 2024 Kitsap County MHMP update possible and is grateful to the Kitsap County MHMP edit / update Stakeholder Steering Committee members and agencies named in Table 2 who were invited or participated in the THIRA and MHMP review, update, and planning process. Each participating jurisdiction have committed to a continuous improvement plan providing opportunities for public review and participation during the five-year period and during this plan’s continuous update process. This includes town hall meetings and open periods at city and county council meetings along with opportunities provided via social media during crucial periods of plan review and updating. A1-A. DOES THE PLAN DOCUMENT HOW THE PLAN WAS PREPARED, INCLUDING THE SCHEDULE OR TIMEFRAME AND ACTIVITIES THAT MADE UP THE PLAN’S DEVELOPMENT, AS WELL AS WHO WAS INVOLVED? A2-A. DOES THE PLAN IDENTIFY ALL STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED OR GIVEN AN OPPORTUNITY TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PLANNING PROCESS, AND HOW EACH STAKEHOLDER WAS PRESENTED WITH THIS OPPORTUNITY? 11 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Participating Stakeholders, Jurisdictions, Agencies, & Organizations Representative Agency/Organization Title Participation Status (Invited/Participa ting) Kitsap County Jan Glarum KCDEM Director Participating Krista Carlson Kitsap County Board of County Commissioners KC Board of Commissioners Participating Brian Nielson KCDEM PT&E Officer Participating Michael Robinson KCDEM Logistics and Operations Officer Participating Michele Moen KCDEM Administrative Manager Participating Dave Rasmussen KCDEM Public Information Officer Participating Linda Tsubaki KCDEM EMAT/CERT Participating Herb Jewell KCDEM EMAT Participating Jay Lovato KCDEM EMAT Participating Jacques Dean Public Works Department, Roads Senior M&O Manager Participating Joe Vlach Central Kitsap School District Director of Operations Participating Carl Borg Kitsap County Human Services Housing and Homelessness Program Manager Participating Doug Washburn Kitsap County Human Services Department Director Participating Jamie Donley Kitsap 911 - CENCOM Assistant Director of Operations Participating Dustin Rodrigues Kitsap Transit Operations Supervisor Participating Mike Merlino North Kitsap School District Executive Director of Business, Finance, and Operations Participating Gib Marrow Kitsap Public Health District Health Officer Participating Amy Anderson Public Health District Emergency Preparedness, Public Health Educator Participating 12 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Nathan Anderson Kitsap Public Health District Emergency Preparedness, Public Health Liaison Participating Jessica Guidry Public Health District Emergency Preparedness Manager Participating Kym Pleger Public Works Senior Program Manager Participating Andy Nelson Public Works Public Works Director Participating Michelle Perdue Public Works Senior Program Manager Participating Alexis McKinnion Public Works Public Works Department, Solid Waste Participating Shawn Alire Public Works GIS Department Director Participating Josh Miller Kitsap County Sheriff’s Office Lieutenant Participating William Sapp Kitsap County Sheriff’s Office Lieutenant Participating Travis Linares-Hengen South Kitsap School District Director for Safety, Security & Emergency Management Participating Anne Bakker Port of Bremerton Director of Business Development Participating Robert Kleinpaste Kitsap Transit Emergency Response Participating Jeff Faucett South Kitsap Fire & Rescue Chief Participating Ryan Buchanan North Kitsap Fire & Rescue Training Officer / BC Participating Bainbridge Island Ellen Schroer City of Bainbridge Island Deputy City Manager Participating Jeremy Mendola Deputy Fire Chief Fire / EMS Participating Chris Wierzbicki Public Works Director BI PW Director Participating Tom Edwards City of Bainbridge Island Assistant PW Director Participating 13 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Anne Lesage City of Bainbridge Island Emergency Management Coordinator Participating Loren Bast Bainbridge Prepares President Participating Bremerton Pat McGanney Bremerton Fire Department Fire Chief, Emergency Management Coordinator Participating John Payne Bremerton Fire Department Operations Chief Participating Patty Glaser Bremerton School District Supervisor of School Safety & Support Participating Axel Strakeljahn Port Districts Port Commissioner Participating Port Orchard Nick Bond Community Development Community Development Director Participating Zack Holt Public Works Stormwater Programs Manager Participating Denis Ryan Public Works Public Works Director Participating Matt Brown Police Department Police Chief, Emergency Management Coordinator Participating Melinda Lohre City of Port Orchard Emergency Operations Center Manager Participating Poulsbo Dan Schoonmaker City of Poulsbo City Emergency Manager Participating Heather Wright Planning & Economic Development Planning Director Participating April Allen Poulsbo Police department Detective Participating Jim Gillard Poulsbo Fire Department Chief Participating Silverdale Jeannie Screws Silverdale Water District Fiscal Manager Participating Morgan Johnson Silverdale Water District General Manager Participating 14 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Tribal Misty A. Ives Port Gamble S'Kallam Tribe Emergency Management Director Participating Nickolas Miller Port Gamble S’Kallam Tribe Police emergency Management Participating Cherrie May Suquamish Tribe Emergency Management Director Participating Eric Quitslund Suquamish Tribe Office of Emergency Management Operations Officer Participating Washington State Lit Dudley Washington Department of Transportation Regional Emergency Manager Participating Military Alan Spicer US Navy NW Region Radiological Emergency Planner Participating Linda Gonzalez Puget Sound Naval Shipyard & Intermediate Maintenance Facility Emergency Management Specialist Participating Daniel DeBuysere US Navy Radiological Control Technician Participating Heather Parker US Navy NW Region On scene coordinator Participating Sean Horan Naval Base Kitsap Radiological Control Technician Participating George Nixon Jr Naval Base Kitsap Radiological Control Technician Participating Kent Catlin Puget Sound Energy Emergency Management and Resiliency Manager Participating Non-Governmental/Non-Profit Organizations Stephen Finley American Red Cross Disaster Program Manager Participating Lance Walter Salvation Army Area Captain Participating Adam Smith CHI Franciscan Emergency Management Specialist Participating Jennifer Kriedler- Moss Peninsula Community Health SVCS Chief Executive Officer Participating Kathy Maurer Kitsap Mental Health Safety & Security Manager Participating Table 2: List of Jurisdictions participating in the review, edit, and update process. 15 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Stakeholder Committee Tasks Overarching mitigation tasks Stakeholder Steering Committee members were responsible for several overarching mitigation activities: 1. Coordinate with the Department of Emergency Management to oversee the planning process. 2. Prioritize hazard risks vs. resources. 3. Select the highest estimated return on investment mitigation recommendations. 4. Review existing plans to ensure alignment with current and updated MHMP. 5. Review available studies, reports and other technical information and bring to the group to ensure the newest and most relevant information guides the update process. 6. Review planning drafts, recommendations, and updates. 7. Identify and implement long and short-term goals. 8. Integrate the plan with all phases of Comprehensive Emergency Management Planning. 9. Provide for the implementation of committee decisions. 10. Encourage, coordinate, and provide a methodology for the implementation of input from the public, elected officials, and agency personnel. 11. Establish committee tasks. 12. Determine implementation ability and constraints for proposed Hazard Mitigation planning steps and measures. 13. Bring forward community concerns. 14. Identify implementation resources. 15. Provide for the update of Comprehensive Emergency Management Plans on a scheduled basis. 16. Evaluate and carry out mitigation activities. 17. Assist in the identification of funding sources and the procurement of funds to support hazard mitigation. 2024 Plan review & update Specific to the 2024 MHMP development process: 1. All City and Special Purpose District planning partners were contacted in August 2020 to advise them of the review and update of the Kitsap County’s HIVA to a THIRA leading up to the update of the MHMP. All were asked to review and update their County and jurisdictional profile information. 2. The THIRA Kick-Off meeting was held on 16 August 2020 and the attending partners agreed on the milestones for agency-specific documentation deliverables. 3. THIRA / MHMP Stakeholder Steering Committee meetings took place on between August 2022 and December 2022. These meetings took place in person and via webinar in order 16 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 to discuss the MHMP process, provide an update on the status of the document, provide guidance, discuss strategies, and answer any stakeholder questions. 4. The final MHMP Stakeholder Steering Committee meeting took place on 14 November 2024 in order to present the final draft of the 2024 MHMP and discuss the next steps regarding approval, and lessons learned from the planning process. Stakeholder update responsibilities 1. Review the 2013 and 2019 MHMP. 2. Update their jurisdiction/agency profile and provide updates, revisions, and additions to sections of the MHMP. a. In person and virtual meetings were the source of capturing stakeholder updates, revisions, and additions to the MHMP. Information related to edits and updates was provided to stakeholders in an efficient and user-friendly process, as well as to document how they were involved in the planning process. Information was also captured through in- person/webinar meetings, conference calls, emails. Stakeholders were encouraged to provide information in any method they deemed easiest. 3. Evaluate and update their profiles to reflect changes in hazard risk assessments. 4. Evaluate strategies and update profiles for potential terrorist threats and mitigation strategies. 5. Report on completed mitigation strategies. 6. Develop new mitigation strategies. 7. Report any concerns that may warrant further action or changes to the process. 8. Collaborate with other functional organizations on mitigation strategies. Kitsap County MHMP Review, Edit, Update, and Development – 2024 Date Activity Subject Action Items Jan 27 2020 FEMA approved Kitsap County MHMP FEMA approval Approval Aug 25-29 2021 Kitsap Fair and Stampede/Rodeo Community review and comment on MHMP Informational and comment A2. DOES THE PLAN DOCUMENT AN OPPORTUNITY FOR NEIGHBORING COMMUNITIES, LOCAL AND REGIONAL AGENCIES INVOLVED IN HAZARD MITIGATION ACTIVITIES, AND AGENCIES THAT HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO REGULATE DEVELOPMENT AS WELL AS BUSINESSES, ACADEMIA, AND OTHER PRIVATE AND NON-PROFIT INTERESTS TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PLANNING PROCESS? (44CFR § 201.6(b)(2)) 17 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Dec 2019 – May 2023 COVID restrictions and limited in person meetings Due to activities related to the 2019 – 2023 COVID 19 Pandemic multiple stakeholder meetings were canceled and multiple had minimal attendance. Informational 16 Aug 2022 THIRA Stakeholder Meeting Kickoff meeting for Kitsap County THIRA Informational Aug 22 – 28 2022 Kitsap Fair and Stampede/Rodeo Community review and comment on MHMP Informational and comment Dec 2022 THIRA Stakeholder meeting Update and review data from 16 Aug THIRA meeting Reviewed Draft THIRA 11 April 2023 Initial Kitsap - Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) Review of mitigation Strategies related to HAZMAT. Review Draft and Mitigation Strategies 12 Jul 2023 Kitsap LEPC Meeting • Reviewed Evacuation plan and mitigation strategies. Review and update Mitigation Strategies Aug 23 – 27 2023 Kitsap Fair and Stampede/Rodeo • Community review and comment on MHMP Informational and comment 02 Nov 2023 Kitsap LEPC Meeting • Reviewed Wildfire mitigation with relationship to Maui fires. • Reviewed Puget Sound Electricity Mitigation strategies related to electrically initiated fires. Review and update specific Mitigation Strategies. 02 May 2024 Kitsap LEPC Meeting • Reviewed Flooding Mitigation strategies, Update from WSDOT related to flood mitigation projects. Review and update specific Mitigation Strategies. Aug 21 – 25 2024 Kitsap Fair and Stampede/Rodeo • Community review and comment on MHMP Informational and comment 18 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Table 3: Record of Review, Edit, and Update process. Update History An in-depth review of the update history of Kitsap County’s MHMP can be found in Appendix C: MHMP Update History noting changes from 1998 through 2024. Items reviewed during the 2024 review, edit, and update process. The following is a listing (non- inclusive) of items reviewed during the process: 1. FEMA – Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide. 2. FEMA Flood maps and GIS data, and HAZUS data37,38,47,48,49, 8 3. City Specific Hazards, and their historic events. 57,64,16,20,37,42, 4. Studies related to Seattle Fault modeling. 42, 38,5,59,16 5. Kitsap County plans related to: a. Debris removal. b. Disaster Response. c. Evacuation plans. 88 d. THIRA. 60 e. Washington State Enhanced Mitigation Plan22 6. Fire code, and fire mitigation. 40, 7. LIDAR mapping. 10, 11, 8. U.S. Census Data. 1, 33 9. Kitsap County Vulnerable population data. 33,34,35,36,1,44, 10. FEMA NFIP participation and structures that have been damaged in the past. 11. County and Partner City owned properties. 55, 56, 57, 70 12. Significant properties within Kitsap County and renovations that have been completed. 9,32 13. County and Partner City Capacity and capabilities, and gaps. 70, 84 14. City and County Ordinances related to Disaster and Emergency response. 9, 40, 43, 41, 44, 70 The above-mentioned plans, policies, studies and technical information were used by the review and update committee, the steering committee, and the agencies involved in the review, edit and updates to the 2024 MHMP incorporating the most current data and information into the plan to ensure a holistic, community based, equitable, and inclusive plan was developed. Each partner city reviewed data related to their specific City profile and made updates as required. A4. DOES THE PLAN DESCRIBE THE REVIEW AND INCORPORATION OF EXISTING PLANS, REPORTS, AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION? (44CFR § 201.6(b)(3)) A4-a. DOES THE PLAN DOCUMENT WHAT EXISTING PLANS, STUDIES, REPORTS AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION WERE REVIEWED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLAN, AS WELL AS HOW THEY WERE INCORPORATED INTO THE DOCUMENT? 19 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Funding The MHMP update was funded through Kitsap County general funds, no grant funding was or utilized for this review and update. The Kitsap County Emergency Management Council greatly appreciates the effort and time everyone devoted to this update. 20 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) Process Risk assessment is difficult to quantify, so the utilization of both qualitative and quantitative methods promotes a more comprehensive approach and process. The conditional and variable nature of hazards precludes risk analysis from being entirely objective or quantitative, and some subjectivity and variance are to be expected. FEMA in the Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) and Stakeholder Preparedness Review (SPR) Guide Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 201 describes the National Preparedness Goal as “A secure and resilient Nation with the capabilities required across the whole community to prevent, protect against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from the threats and hazards that pose the greatest risk” 25 (pg 5). Figure 1: Five mission areas organize the 32 core capabilities needed to address threat and hazards. B1. DOES THE PLAN INDICATE A DESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE, LOCATION, AND EXTENT OF ALL NATURAL HAZARDS THAT CAN AFFECT THE JURISDICTION? DOES THE PLAN ALSO INCLUDE INFORMATION ON PREVIOUS OCCURRENCES OF HAZARD EVENTS AND ON THE PROBABILITY OF FUTURE HAZARD EVENTS? (44CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(II)) 21 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 The National Preparedness Goal describes the five mission areas with 32 core capabilities figure 1 identifies how the core capabilities relate to the mission areas., the five mission areas are as follows: 25 1. Prevention: 2. Protection: 3. Mitigation: Reduce the loss of life and property by lessening the impact of future disasters. 4. Response: 5. Recovery: During the review, edit, and updating process of the MHMP the mission area of mitigation was focused on with its associated core capabilities. The THIRA risk assessment provides information on the types of hazards, the location of hazards, the value of existing land and property in hazard locations, and an analysis of risk to life, property, and the environment that may result from any hazardous event, along with an evaluation of the available resources to respond to, and recover from any hazardous event, in order to identify, plan for, and respond to any hazard in a community. Specifically, the three levels of a risk assessment are as follows: 1. Profiling Hazard Events: describes the causes and characteristics of each hazard, how it has affected Kitsap County in the past (disaster history), and how the community’s population, infrastructure, and environment has been impacted by the hazard. 2. Vulnerability Assessment: explains those factors that make the hazard a threat to the community or increase the threat and define those areas most susceptible to the threat. 3. Probability of Occurrence: An adjective description (High, Medium, or Low) of the probability of a hazard’s impacts Kitsap County within the next 25 years. The THIRA process adds an additional step where the risk to the region was determined, this was determined through an evaluation of the available resources and possible needs. The MHMP Stakeholder Steering Committee, led by KCDEM, reviewed the 2022 THIRA determine the hazards that most likely would impact Kitsap County along with a review of disaster history of Kitsap County and its cities to determine the need to address those hazards identified through the THIRA process as shown in Table 5. The current Kitsap County THIRA64 drew from 2 FEMA resources; first the 2015 Risk Report for Kitsap County including the Cities of Bremerton, Bainbridge, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, the Port Gamble S’Klallam Indian Reservation, the Suquamish Tribe, and Unincorporated Kitsap County. This report aimed to help community members act to reduce their risk regarding coastal flood, earthquake, landslide, and tsunami incidents. The second resource used in the development of Kitsap County’s 2022 THIRA was FEMA’s National Risk Index (NRI) for Census tract 53035090501, Kitsap County, Washington. FEMA’s HAZUS risk assessment and modeling tool was used in developing the 2015, 2019, and 2024 reports to estimates losses that may result from flooding or earthquakes. The Hazus model incorporated a complete list of buildings in Kitsap County. Other hazards, including landslides and tsunamis, were assessed through a vulnerability assessment. FEMA collected data on local at-risk assets and resources, the physical features and human activities that contribute to that risk, and the location and severity of the hazard to determine potential 22 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 community losses. The loss data from Hazus and the exposure analysis highlight areas that would be affected, which provides an opportunity to prioritize mitigation action in these areas. The hazards, risks, and the impacts that were identified likely to affect Kitsap County are representative of those identified in the 2023 Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan (SEHMP), as such Kitsap County utilized data from WA SEHMP in the development of our THIRA and the 2024 review, edit and update to Kitsap County’s MHMP The results from the Stakeholder Risk Rating and printed/electronic Public Community Surveys were reviewed and compared with the historical and quantitative hazard information reviewed during the 2022 Kitsap County THIRA development. Risk Assessment Overview Risk assessment provides information regarding the types of hazards, the location of hazards, the value of existing land and property in hazard locations, and an analysis of risk to life, property, and the environment that may result from any hazardous event. 25 Specifically, three levels of risk assessment included in this THIRA are “Low,” “Moderate,” and “High.” Table 4 provides an adjective description (High, Moderate, or Low) summarizing the overall threat posed by a hazard over the next 25 years. It is a subjective estimate of the combination of the probability of occurrence and vulnerability. Adjective Description High Major focus of Kitsap disaster preparedness program There is strong potential for a disaster of major proportions during the next 25 years; or history suggests the occurrence of multiple disasters of moderate proportions during the next 25 years. Moderate Modest priority of disaster preparedness There is moderate potential for a disaster of less than major proportions during the next 25 years. Low Low priority program There is little potential for a disaster during the next 25 years. Table 4: Risk Rating Adjective Descriptions. B1-a. DOES THE PLAN DESCRIBE ALL NATURAL HAZARDS THAT CAN AFFECT THE JURISDICTION(S) IN THE PLANNING ARE, AND DOES IT PROVIDE THE RATIONAL IF OMITTING ANY NATURAL HAZARDS THAT ARE COMMONLY RECOGNIZED TO AFFECT THE JURISDICTION(S) IN THE PLANNING AREA? 23 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 THIRA Risk Ratings 2022 Hazard/Threat Overall Risk People Damages Economy Environment Natural Hazards Droughts Low (>10%) Low Low Low Moderate Earthquake High (<80%) High High High High Flooding Moderate (>80%) Low Moderate Low Low Forest & Urban Fires Moderate (>40%) High Moderate Low Moderate Landslides Moderate (>75) Low Moderate Low Low Severe Storms/Tornadoes Moderate (>80%) Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Tsunamis Moderate (>60) Low High Moderate Moderate Volcanic Ash Fall Low (,10%) Low Low Low Moderate Technological & Human-Caused Hazards Cyber Attack Moderate (>75%) High Moderate Moderate Moderate Dam Failures Low (<30%) Low Low Low Low Energy Emergencies Moderate (>75%) Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Hazardous Materials Moderate (>50%) Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Radiological Moderate (>55%) Low Moderate High High Search & Rescue Low (<25%) Moderate Low Low Low Terrorism Moderate (>75%) Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Transportation- MCI Moderate (>80%) Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Epidemics/Pandemics Moderate (>80%) Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Table 5: 2022 Kitsap THIRA Risk Ratings. The overall ratings for hazards from the 2015 and 2019 MHMP remain similar. Two major updates include raising the overall rating for Tsunamis from “Low” to “Moderate” due to studying simulated data and information as well as the addition of ratings for Cyber Attacks, which did not have any ratings previously. The Epidemics risk was updated to include Pandemics to give a better understanding of this hazard. Hazard Mitigation Process for Kitsap County 24 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Kitsap County’s planning process defines goals and objectives to assist in mitigation planning, evaluation of mitigation strategies, and identification of mitigation projects. The process includes hazard identification and assessment, community identification, and understanding of the geological history and its effects on land use and development. Capability Assessment The Capability Assessment is an evaluation of Kitsap County’s governmental structure, political framework, legal jurisdiction, fiscal status, policies and programs, regulations and ordinances, and resource availability. The purpose of conducting a capability assessment is to determine the ability of a local jurisdiction to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy and to identify potential opportunities for establishing or enhancing specific mitigation policies, programs, or projects. As in any planning process, it is important to try to establish which goals, objectives, and/or actions are feasible based on an understanding of the organizational capacity of those agencies or departments tasked with their implementation. A capability assessment helps to determine which mitigation actions are practical, and likely to be implemented over time, given a local government’s planning and regulatory framework, level of administrative and technical support, fiscal resources, and current political climate. The information collected in the survey questionnaires was incorporated into a database for further analysis. A general scoring methodology was then applied to quantify each jurisdiction’s overall capability. According to the scoring system, each capability indicator was assigned a point value based on its relevance to hazard mitigation. The Capability Assessment can be found in Appendix B: Capability Assessment. Goals Information from the capability assessment led to the development of seven goals which form the basis for the objectives in the following section, these seven goals align with FEMA’s mission area “Mitigation: Reduce the loss of life and property by lessening the impact of future disasters.” These goals are ranked shown from the highest priority, at the top of the list, to those of lesser importance. 1. Protection of life during and after the occurrence of disasters from identified hazards 2. Preventing the loss of life and reducing the impact of damage where problems cannot be eliminated 3. Protection of emergency response capabilities, including: a. Communication and warning systems. b. Emergency medical services and medical facilities mobile resources. c. Critical facilities. d. Government continuity. 4. Protection of developed property, homes and businesses, industry, educational opportunities, and the cultural fabric by combining hazard loss reduction with the community’s environmental, social, and economic needs. 5. Promoting public awareness of community hazards and mitigation measures and encouraging public participation in the planning objectives. 25 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 6. Preserving or restoring natural mitigation values such as flood plains. 7. Protection of natural resources and the environment. Objectives The following objectives are meant to serve as a “measuring stick” upon which individual hazard mitigation projects can be evaluated. These criteria for evaluation become especially important when two or more projects are competing for limited resources. Project criteria objectives may include, but are not limited to, ensuring the MHMP is a functional document that identifies short- and long-term strategies and describes each measure, including by: 1. Identifying at least one person, agency, or organization responsible for implementation. 2. Projecting a time frame for implementation. 3. Explaining how the project will be financed, including the conditions for financing and implementation as information is available. 4. Being consistent with, supporting, and helping implement the goals and objectives of hazard mitigation plans already in place for the geographic area in question. 5. Being based on the Kitsap County Hazard Identification & Vulnerability Assessment. 6. Having significant potential to reduce damages to public and/or private property or reduce the cost of Local, State, and Federal recovery from future disasters. 7. Being the most practical, cost-effective, and environmentally sound alternative after consideration of the options. 8. Addressing a repetitive problem or one that has the potential to have a major impact on an area, reducing the potential for loss of life, loss of essential services and personal property, damage to critical facilities, economic loss, hardship or human suffering. 9. Meeting applicable permit requirements. 10. Discouragement of development in hazardous areas. 11. Contributing to both the short- and long-term solution to the hazard vulnerability risk problem. 12. Ensuring the benefits of a mitigation measure are equal to or exceed the cost of implementation. 13. Having manageable maintenance and modification costs. 14. Being designed, when possible, to accomplish multiple objectives, including improvement of life-safety risk, damage reduction, restoration of essential services, protection of critical facilities, security of economic development, recovery, and environmental enhancement. 15. Using existing resources, agencies, and programs, when possible, to implement the project. Thirty-three organizations, and partner City’s participated in the THIRA development process and the MHMP review and update effort, bodies that participated are listed above in Table 2, however every effort was taken to be totally inclusive of all agencies, but the structure of government there were some agencies who were represented by their overarching governmental agency. 26 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 1. Other Factors Impacting Community: a. Existing Hazard Mitigation/Management/ Damage Reduction Plans. b. Existing County agencies and programs. c. Hazard mitigation measures currently implemented. d. Financial constraints and the ability to implement mitigation strategies. e. State and Federal lands contained within Kitsap County impacting upon County resources. f. State and Federal transportation links serving Kitsap County and impacting upon County resources. g. Response and recovery from the COVID pandemic. Prioritization for Natural Hazard Mitigation Much of the loss from a natural disaster is a result of property and contents damage, additional living and business interruption costs, and the cost of the response to the disaster itself. The challenge for both governmental entities and the private sector is to determine the economic feasibility of preventive actions (mitigation) that may lessen future losses. 25 The issue often raised by elected officials is whether the benefits of mitigation exceed the costs, especially if no regulation or standard is required. Conversely, if a minimum standard were in place at the time of the event, through a benefit-cost analysis, it could demonstrate that exceeding such minimums would still be economically defensible. The goal of each strategy is the reduction or prevention of damage from a hazard event. In order to determine a strategy’s effectiveness in accomplishing this goal and prioritizing each strategy, a set of criteria is applied to each proposed strategy. To support community-wide planning, each Stakeholder Steering Committee member identifies potential strategies for their specific type of agency and prioritizes each strategy, taking the following considerations into account: 1. Plan goals and objectives a. How does the mitigation action address the goals and objectives of the plan? b. Does it reduce disaster damage? 2. Equity a. Does the strategy benefit most, if not all the communities within the County? b. Is there an equitable distribution of strategies by each participating agency? 3. Countywide impacts a. How does it affect Kitsap County as a whole? 4. Ease of implementation a. Can this action be easily implemented first? b. Does the agency(ies) have the capability (funding, regulatory authority, staff) in place now to implement the strategy? 5. Multi-objective strategies a. Does this strategy achieve multiple goals? 6. Time 27 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 a. Can this strategy be quickly accomplished compared to those that would take a long time to obtain the necessary approvals or funding? 7. Post-disaster mitigation a. Is this strategy more feasible in a post-disaster setting? b. Would the extent of damages, political will, and access to State and Federal mitigation funds dramatically alter the feasibility of implementation? After each stakeholder completes this process, the recommended strategies are presented to and reviewed by the entire Stakeholder Steering Committee. The Stakeholder Steering Committee rates the strategies in order of overall priority based on the same considerations above and considers the STAPLEE criteria listed below. 1. Social a. Is the proposed strategy socially acceptable to the community? b. Are there equity issues involved that would mean that one segment of the community is treated unfairly? 2. Technical a. Will the proposed strategy work? b. Will it create more problems than it solves? 3. Administrative a. Can the community implement the strategy? b. Is there someone to coordinate and lead the effort? 4. Political a. Is the strategy politically acceptable? b. Is there public support both to implement and to maintain the project? 5. Legal a. Is the community authorized to implement the proposed strategy? b. Is there a clear legal basis or precedent for this activity? 6. Economic a. What are the cost and benefits of this strategy? b. Does the cost seem reasonable for the size of the problem and the likely benefits? 7. Environmental a. How will the strategy impact the environment? b. Will the strategy need environmental regulatory approvals? Proposed mitigation strategies were prioritized based on the following factors: 1. Ease of implementation 2. Effect on overall risk to life and property 3. Funding availability 4. Kitsap County Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment of 2019 5. Political and community support 6. A general economic cost/benefit review Ease of implementation and funding availability were critical factors in prioritizing strategies. Mitigation actions with “high” priority are determined to be the most cost effective and most 28 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 compatible with the participating jurisdictions’ unique needs. Actions with a “moderate” priority were determined to be cost effective and compatible with jurisdictional needs but may be more challenging to complete administratively or fiscally than “high” priority actions. Actions with a “low” priority were determined to be important community needs but may face several potential challenges in terms of implementation (e.g., lack of funding, technical obstacles). FEMA’s Benefit-Cost Analysis Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) 27 is the method by which the future benefits of a hazard mitigation project are determined and compared to its costs. The end result is a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), which is calculated by a project’s total benefits divided by its total costs. The BCR is a numerical expression of the "cost-effectiveness" of a project. A project is considered to be cost effective when the BCR is 1.0 or greater, indicating the benefits of a prospective hazard mitigation project are sufficient to justify the costs.24 FEMA requires a BCA to validate cost effectiveness of proposed hazard mitigation projects prior to funding. There are two drivers behind this requirement: (1) the Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB) Circular A-94 Revised, “Guidelines and Discount Rates for Benefit-Cost Analysis of Federal Programs” and (2) the Stafford Act. Detailed benefit-cost analyses are conducted using FEMA’s BCA methodology prior to scheduled implementation and are considered in the final prioritization of strategies/projects. A more detailed cost/benefit analysis will be applied to particular projects prior to the application for or obligation of funding, as appropriate. 27 PRIORITY ONE and PRIORITY TWO Mitigation Strategies In previous iterations of the MHMP, mitigation strategies were classified as PRIORITY ONE, which were recommended for funding and implementation, or PRIORITY TWO, which were suited to serve the community’s needs and considered for the future should the opportunity arise, and funding became available. For the 2024 MHMP update, the mitigation strategies were grouped into one section (Mitigation Strategies & Recommendations) and the strategies that were previously in individual City Profiles remain in the City Profile portion for this revision. If a mitigation strategy had been in previous plans and not completed due to funding or lack of political drive, it was verified to determine its relevance and removed if not realistically achievable nor intended to be implemented during the tenure of this 2024 plan. The focus was on identifying appropriate and achievable mitigation strategies to make progress in buying down risk to the public and environment. Some larger unfunded mitigation strategies are still included due to their exigent need and the MHMP Committee will strive to find funding for these initiatives. 29 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Public Outreach & Engagement The Emergency Management Council, as well as all of the entities that participated in this plan, are committed to continued public involvement and education on risk reduction through mitigation. It is important that all-hazard mitigation becomes integrated into existing programs and becomes part of the way jurisdictions make decisions about land use and facilities planning. Jurisdictions should continue to keep the public engaged via periodic presentations, surveys, and postings on social media. The County provides opportunities to the public both during the MHMP planning process and when a near-to-final draft of the plan is complete for a last round of input before the final draft. KCDEM facilitated several methods of public engagement during the planning process, including providing printed and electronic surveys in English and Spanish for all members of the community to provide feedback on community hazards and mitigation activities. This was done in person at the Kitsap County Fair and Stampede from 2021 through 2024, at town/county meetings, and electronically via the KCDEM website and social media accounts. In 2022 Kitsap DEM revised our whole community outreach campaign which now centers around “The Big One Disaster Prep”, at the natural conclusion of the “Put A Big Foot Forward Towards Risk Reduction” campaign. As updates occurred throughout the development process, copies of the plan and any proposed changes were posted on KCDEM’s website with an accompanying Google Forms survey to capture the public’s feedback on the draft Plan electronically. The KCDEM website had a direct link to a Google Forms survey to allow the public and other interested parties the opportunity to address any comments and/or concerns they have relating to the plan. Social media platforms such as Nextdoor and Facebook were utilized to inform the community of the opportunity to provide input and direct them to the proper website links. Opportunity for Public Input During the Planning Process The public was engaged in the MHMP development process in various in-person methods; in- person engagement such as at the Kitsap County Fair and Stampede covering Central Kitsap and two public town halls to cover North and South Kitsap. MHMP Draft for Public Review and Town Hall Public Outreach: On August 19, 2024, information was shared on Kitsap County’s Department of Emergency Management and Government’s Facebook accounts regarding upcoming public town halls for the discussion of the MHMP update scheduled for October 2024 and included a direct link to the draft plan. A3-a. DOES THE PLAN DOCUMENT HOW THE PUBLIC WAS GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PLANNING PROCESS AND HOW THEIR FEEDBACK WAS INCLUDED IN THE PLAN? 30 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Incorporation of Public Feedback During the Planning/Development Process Community Survey Results Hazard Average RII Rating Natural Hazards Earthquakes 1.96 Wildfires & Urban Fires 1.02 Severe Storms/Tornados 0.68 Landslides & Erosion 0.51 Floods 0.58 Tsunami & High Waves 0.28 Extreme Cold 0.76 Extreme Heat 0.35 Drought 0.15 Technological/Human-Made Hazards Power/Utility Failure 1.36 Telecommunication Failure 0.68 Cyber Attack 0.86 Terrorism 0.45 Human & Animal Epidemics 0.32 Transportation Accident - Vehicle 0.84 Civil Disturbance 1.56 Search & Rescue Emergencies 0.28 HazMat Incident - Radiological 0.27 HazMat Incident - Chemical 0.26 Agricultural Pests 0.25 Hazard Sites/Materials 0.23 HazMat Incident - Biological 0.22 Transportation Accident - Ship 0.16 Transportation Accident - Airplane 0.15 Dam Failure 0.12 Transportation Accident - Train 0.11 Pandemic 0.98 Table 6: Community Survey Results. Public feedback regarding the perception of the effect of natural and technological/human-made hazards was gathered during the MHMP review, update and editing process through the above- mentioned venues. Results were compared with the Stakeholder Steering Committee survey results as well as information from past iterations of the MHMP and the qualitative and quantitative data gathered during the update process. Community members were asked to identify five of the most concerning hazards and to provide them a rating of one through five, with one being the most concerning or important to address. A total of 206 printed surveys were completed by community members at the Kitsap County Fair and Stampede between at the Kitsap County Fair and Stampede between August 21 to 25th, 2024; 198 surveys were Relative Importance Index (RII) is calculated for each of the indicators and ranked accordingly. The RII is derived to summarize the importance of each indicator using a range from 1 to 5, where 1 = Very Concerned, 2 = Somewhat Concerned, 3 = Neutral 4 = Slightly Concerned 5 = Least Concerned. The results were weighted against the number of respondents to find the means. The following table shows the results ranked from most to least concerning. 31 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 completed during the 2023 Kitsap County Fair and Stampede between August 21 to 25th, and 292 surveys were completed between the 2021 and 2022 Kitsap Fair and Stampede, for a total of 586 responses from Fair attendees. Another 152 surveys were received at community outreach events held from 2021 – 2024 for a grand total of 738 responses. Calculations were made based on the Relative Importance Index (RII) formula to find the means. The survey also included several questions on the overall preparedness levels of the respondent and their households. Results of the surveys can be found in Appendix C: Stakeholder and Public Engagement Records. Feedback on the MHMP Draft An in-progress draft was presented to the Stakeholder Steering Committee members and public for review and comment via printed copies at the public town halls and online on the kitsapdem.org website with an accompanying MHMP Feedback Survey via Google Forms. Stakeholders primarily provided feedback via email or using the MHMP RFI Tracker. The public was notified via emails from the County, the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT). An overview of public feedback received and how it was incorporated into the MHMP document can be found in the table 7 below. Feedback Received Method Received Action Taken Concerns were expressed about liquefaction in the Hansville area, liquefaction was discussed as a relevant topic during the flooding hazard discussion during the THIRA, and those sections were reviewed for the attendees. Public Town Hall in Poulsbo These issues are covered in the THIRA and those sections were reviewed for the attendees. The liquefaction maps included in the MHMP were reviewed and updated to ensure a comprehensive liquefaction description of the county is accounted for in the 2024 update to the MHMP. Multiple members of the counties Yacht Clubs stated their willingness and want to help during an emergency. Public Town Hall in Poulsbo Keyport Town Hall meeting. KCDEM discussed current work with the building of a “Marine Unit”. The development of a County sponsored volunteer marine unit for emergency and disaster response was briefed at the THIRA noting the marine unit’s ability to cover some gaps in resources. One member wanted to see if there was any new data regarding what the resulting tides, or tsunamis would be when the Seattle fault moves. Public Town Hall in Poulsbo More information regarding a Seattle fault earthquake and the potential impacts was added to the Tsunamis, High Waves, and Seiches section of the HIVA and Mitigation Strategies section in the MHMP regarding tsunamis. 32 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 One attendee was concerned with the increase in developments in the northern portion of the county and how that will impact liquefaction and possible mud/landslides. Public Town Hall in Poulsbo At the current time the maps in HAZUS have not been updated to include the new developments and construction in the norther portion of the county and the impact of these. The next review and update of the MHMP starting in mid-2025 will request updated mapping though HAZUS and include any changes in liquefaction areas in that update. Remarks about road clearance led to a good general discussion on the importance of neighbor helping neighbor as the first response and may be the only response for some time in a disaster. Public Town Hall in Poulsbo No action was taken regarding the MHMP. One attendee asked whether there were risk assessments completed for various hazards simultaneously. Public Town Hall in Port Orchard/Email Risk assessments in the THIRA and MHMP were completed for each hazard separately to capture as much information for each hazard as possible, looking gat compounding hazards is not a time useful endeavored. A comment was received asking if the MHMP will include information on poverty and drug-use impacts on the community. MHMP Draft Feedback Survey Due to the MHMP focusing on natural hazards, information on poverty and drug usage will not be included in the MHMP. A comment was received asking whether electromagnetic pulse attacks by terrorists would be included in the MHMP. MHMP Draft Feedback Survey Due to the MHMP focusing on natural hazards, information on EMP attacks will not be included in the MHMP. Table 7: Overview of Community Feedback and actions taken. Stakeholder Review & Adoption Process In April 2023 Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management convened the first meeting of our Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) establishing Kitsap County’s LEPC. The LEPC is comprised of stakeholders from local partners and are key to making emergency management successful. Members of the LEPC include: A1-B DOES THE PLAN LIST THE JURISDICTION(S) PARTICIPATING IN THE PLAN THAT SEEK APPROVAL, AND DESCRIBE HOW THEY PARTICIPATED IN THE PLANNING PROCESS? 33 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Cities: • Bainbridge Island • Bremerton • Port Orchard • Poulsbo Local agencies: • Fire Districts • Law Enforcement Agencies • Port Districts • Public Utility Districts • School Districts • Water Districts • Navy Region NW County-level government functions: • Housing Kitsap • Kitsap County Government • Kitsap Public Health District • Kitsap Public Works • Kitsap Transit Local Non-For-Profit organizations: • American Red Cross • Empact Northwest • Kitsap Community Foundation • Kitsap Community Resources • United Way of Kitsap County • Kitsap Economic Development Alliance • Kitsap Medical Society Local Medical Partners: • Kitsap Mental Health Service • Peninsula Community Health Services • St. Michael Medical Center • Washington Veterans Home at Retsil Together, these partners produce and exercise the Kitsap County region’s Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, and Comprehensive Disaster Recovery Plan. 1. The LEPC meets every 4 months and reviews different aspects of Kitsap County’s plans to ensure they are current, equitable and inclusive. 2. Agencies report out on mitigation strategy updates during these meetings allowing partners to better understand how the mitigation strategies are being completed and the effect on the population and communities. Plan Review & Adoption Process Four partner city jurisdictions participated in the review, updating, and promulgation of the Kitsap County MHMP: Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo. Each participating jurisdiction is governed by rules for public involvement. The Planning Committee took the following steps to ensure that the public was involved in the development of the plan: 1. The public was engaged in the planning process via electronic and in-person methods to include North, Central, and South Kitsap which are referenced in the Opportunity for Public Input During the Planning Process section. Kitsap provided multiple opportunities for the citizens to comment on the plan, town halls and at the Kitsap County Fair and Stampede. 2. Governmental agencies and participating organizations reviewed the plan as required by 34 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 their governing bodies during the months of October 2024 through November 2024. 3. Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management placed the MHMP on its kitsapdem.org web page for public review and comment, as well as on Facebook® and Nextdoor®. Kitsap County MHMP Review Agency Adoptions (2024) Organization/Agency Adopting Authority Past Adoption Date(s) New Adoption Date(s) Emergency Management Authority Countywide Emergency Management Program Kitsap County Emergency Management Council 1/26/2020 Kitsap County Government Kitsap County Government Kitsap County Board of County Commissioners 01/27/2020 Kitsap County MHMP Review Agency Adoptions (2019) Organization/Agency Adopting Authority Past Adoption Date(s) New Adoption Date(s) Kitsap County Public Health Kitsap County Public Health Board of Health 02/02/2010 Kitsap County Public Works Kitsap County Public Works 01/16/2020 Kitsap County Regional Library Kitsap County Rural Library District Board of Directors 01/26/2020 Kitsap Public Utilities District Kitsap Public Utilities District Board of Commissioners 01/26/2020 Kitsap Transit Kitsap Transit Board of Commissioners 02/16/2020 Cities Bainbridge Island Bainbridge Island City Council 08 Sep 2020 Bremerton Bremerton City Council 16 Sep 2020 Port Orchard Port Orchard City Council 08 Sep 2020 Poulsbo Poulsbo City Council 16 Sep 2020 Table 8: Kitsap County MHMP Agency Review and Adoption. 35 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Plan Evaluation & Maintenance GOAL: Establish an ongoing process to accomplish Hazard Mitigation Strategy identification on an annual basis. To be effective, mitigation must be a continuing activity. The Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan will be reviewed at a minimum on an annual basis, (As a part of the pre-budget development process in April/May. The MHMP will also be reviewed prior to the annual FEMA Notice of Funding for Flood and Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grants) and after every major emergency/disaster that impacts Kitsap County and/or its cities, to determine the effectiveness of the mitigation strategies, programs or other related activities. Every five years, next due in 2029, the plan will be updated and forwarded to the Washington State Division of Emergency Management, Hazard Mitigation Officer for review and subsequently forwarded to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region 10 per the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act 2000. Kitsap County Multi Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee After the annual internal review process, the Department of Emergency Management will meet with the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee, to identify new Mitigation Strategies and initiatives to replace those that have been completed or identified during interim disasters and/or emergencies that have impacted the County or its partner Cities. During the annual Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee review process, KCDEM will facilitate the annual review process with the MHMP Stakeholder Steering Committee and agency participants noted in the Introduction section. The committee will review the current strategies to determine their relevance to changing situations within Kitsap County as well as known changes in State or Federal policy. This review should discuss at a minimum: 1. Validate jurisdiction/agency representatives and changes to the Stakeholder Steering Committee 2. Changes to local policies or strategies that warrant a local revision to the plan 3. Updates on overall and jurisdictional/agency strategies 4. Changes to federal and state mitigation programs 5. Lessons learned from emergencies/disasters; local and national 6. Hazard mitigation grants Following, the KCDEM Planning, Training, and Exercise Officer will develop a draft written report describing the review findings and new proposed mitigation recommendations and strategies. This “Annual MHMP Update” will be sent to the governing bodies of participating organizations that developed the plan. Public Meetings will be held in each of the three (3) Commissioners districts to present the annual MHMP update supported by the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee. The meetings will provide the public a forum for which they can express their concerns, opinions, or ideas about the D2. IS THERE A DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD AND SCHEDULE FOR KEEPING THE PLAN CURRENT (MONITORING, EVALUATING, AND UPDATING THE MITIGATION PLAN WITHIN THE FIVE-YEAR CYCLE)? (44CFR § 201.6(c)(4)(I)) 36 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 plan status. KCDEM will be responsible for using County resources to publicize the annual meetings and maintain public involvement through various media platforms. Kitsap County Emergency Management Council The Kitsap County Emergency Management Council will review and adopt all or portions of the annual MHMP update at the first meeting of the calendar year. 1. Each member of the Emergency Management Council (EMC) will support, and bring back to their individual political subdivisions, the recommendations adopted by the EMC for implementation and coordination on a local and regional basis as applicable. 2. The EMC will review and adopt, as necessary, the work of the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee. Related Tasks of The KCDEM Planning, Operations, and GIS Officers 1. Review the progress made on the identification of resources and implementation of the Hazard Mitigation strategies by the end of May annually. 2. Contact and work with each Hazard Mitigation Strategy's Lead Agency for an annual progress report on funding and implementation of the strategies defined in the plan in June. 3. Meet annually, with each political subdivision, to identify new Hazard Mitigation strategies to be pursued on a regional basis and review the progress, implementation, and effectiveness of those programs and mitigation strategies already identified 4. Meet annually with the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee to review the progress of the Hazard Mitigation program and bring forth community input on new strategies in Aug/Sept. 5. Coordinate with and support the Department of Emergency Management's efforts to promote and identify resources and grant money for implementation of the recommended Hazard Mitigation Strategies Oct/Nov. 6. Submit an annual Update report to the Director, Department of Emergency Management in December in draft for final submission to the Emergency Management Council in January on the status of the strategies adopted, funded and/or and implemented during the previous year. Historical Plan Review, Evaluation & Update Schedule (2005-2024) Activity Date Required Activity to Be Completed April 2005 - 2008 Reviews, completed and submitted findings September annually. April 2009 – June 2009 5-year update begins July 2009 Conduct public forum(s) for the review process October 2009 Plan revision began March 2010 Plan sent to State Mitigation Officer for acceptance (not accepted and returned to meet FEMA’s Crosswalk) April 2013 - 2015 Reviews, completed and submitted findings September annually. April 2016– June 2016 5-year update begins April 2019 Plan review and update process began August-September 2019 Conduct public forum(s) for the review process September 2019 Final draft complete 37 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 October 2019 Plan sent to State Mitigation Officer for acceptance November 2019 Plan sent to FEMA Region 10 for review December 2019 Plan review completed by FEMA Region 10 and accepted January 2020 Plan approval letter, Adopted and Promulgated by Cities and County April 2020 - 2023 Reviews, completed and submitted findings November annually April-Aug 2024 5-year update cycle Dec 2024 Updated MHMP completed and sent for commissioner review. * Jan 2025 2025 – 2029 MHMP approved by Kitsap County Board of Commissioners. *Jan 2025 New Plan Adopted and Promulgated by Cities and County *Best case projected timeline, the target is to get approved MHMP for FEMA approval mid Jan 2025 Table 9: Historic MHMP Review, Evaluation, and Update (2005 - 2024). Integration with other Local Plans Information in this MHMP in meant to be integrated into and utilized for various local plans, policies, and efforts such as emergency operations plans, comprehensive plans, land use designation, zoning ordinances, building codes, subdivision regulations, and capital improvement plans. This plan has been developed in partnership with local partners and member cities within Kitsap County. As with previous editions the plan has been reviewed, edited, and updated with the assistance of the member cities within Kitsap County and will be provided to the member cities for adoption after final FEMA approval. All Washington counties and cities are required to address critical areas, including frequently flooded and geologically hazardous areas, regardless of whether they are required to adopt a comprehensive plan25. Accordingly, the land inventories, data, and other findings from critical areas planning should be incorporated into local comprehensive plans. Any additional information regarding hazardous areas, past occurrences, vulnerability, potential impacts, and future risk found in the local hazard mitigation plan or hazard identification and vulnerability analysis (required for development of a comprehensive emergency management plan) should also be integrated into the comprehensive plan. Policies that address critical areas should also include mitigation actions to reduce risk. Natural hazard information and mitigation policies can be integrated into the comprehensive plan. This can include using the background information on natural hazards (including history of past D.3 DOES THE PLAN DESCRIBE A PROCESS BY WHICH EACH COMMUNITY WILL INTEGRATE THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE MITIGATION PLAN INTO OTHER PLANNING MECHANISMS, SUCH AS COMPREHENSIVE OR CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLANS, WHEN APPROPRIATE? (44CFR § 201.6(C)(4)(II)) 38 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 events and potential impacts), identifying any hazard-prone areas located throughout the community, and adding relevant natural hazard mitigation goals, objectives, policies, and projects to the appropriate plan elements. Another opportunity for integration is collaborative planning and implementation. Integrated and collaborative planning allows key community officials to better understand the comprehensive and hazard mitigation policies, as well as their context in local government decision making, and who have the authority to execute the policies and programs in the development and implementation of both plans. This will ensure that all relevant parties are informed and assure plan implementation is feasible. They can help designate overlapping membership of key agency staff for both planning bodies to facilitate the sharing of knowledge and help build relationships that are important to successful implementation of mitigation activities. Integration can also be facilitated through coordinated plan reviews and updates by reevaluating mitigation policies whenever new information regarding a community’s hazard exposure, vulnerability, or risk becomes available and developing collaborative methods for revisions and updates of the natural hazard mitigation and comprehensive plans. During the review, edit and update process our Tribal partners participated and provided guidance as to the collaboration related to our partnerships and the collaborative efforts during a disaster or emergency. We continue to reinforce our collaborative partnerships through mutual agreements, training, drills, and exercises. These activities continue to reinforce our joint resolve to ensure the wellbeing of all who live, work and travel through Kitsap County. 39 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Kitsap County Profile This section discusses Kitsap County and its community assets at risk to hazards and was taken from the 2019 Kitsap County Hazard Identification & Vulnerability Assessment. Assets are defined broadly to include anything that is important to the character and function of a community and can be described very generally in the following four categories: • People • Economy • Built environment • Natural environment Although all assets may be affected by hazards, some assets are more vulnerable because of their physical characteristics or socioeconomic uses. Profiles for the cities of Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo are found in Appendix A: Participating City Profiles. Figure 2: Map of Kitsap County. 40 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Kitsap County With a total area of 566 square miles, of which 395 square miles (70%) are land, and 171 square miles (30%) are water, Kitsap County is the fourth-smallest county in Washington by land area and third-smallest by total area.1, 9, 32, 35, 44,100 The County is located between the metropolitan areas of Seattle and Tacoma, and the wilderness of the Olympic Mountains and has four incorporated cities: Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo. • Winslow became the City of Bainbridge Island in 1992 after citizens voted to annex the entire island in 1990. Bainbridge Islanders enjoy a beautiful, rural setting just minutes from the cultural and recreational attractions of Seattle. It is also home to the state’s most heavily traveled ferry runs. 71 • Bremerton is Kitsap’s most populated city, home to the area’s largest employer, the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. 44 • Port Orchard lies across Sinclair Inlet from Bremerton and is known for its downtown shops and antiques. 44 • Poulsbo, on the northern shore of Liberty Bay, is known as “Little Norway” due to its many residents of Norwegian descent. 44 In Washington, special purpose districts are limited purpose local governments separate from a city, town, or county government. 89 Generally, they perform a single function, though some perform a limited number of functions. They provide an array of services and facilities including electricity, fire protection, flood control, health, housing, irrigation, parks and recreation, library, water-sewer service and more recently stadiums, convention centers, and entertainment facilities that are not otherwise available from city or county governments. Kitsap County currently has 42 special purpose districts which can be found in Appendix C: Special Districts.89 These districts are political subdivisions of the state and come into existence, acquire legal rights and duties, and are dissolved in accordance with statutory procedures. Enabling legislation sets forth the purpose of the district, procedures for formation, powers, functions and duties, the composition of the governing body, methods of finance, and other provisions. The districts are usually quasi-municipal corporations though some are statutorily defined as municipal corporations.89 Although the general provisions for some special district statutes have been consolidated, such as for diking and drainage districts, there is no set of uniform provisions covering all special districts in Washington as there is with cities and counties.89 Other Kitsap County cities have also conducted a number of annexations for urban growth areas.32, 71, 41, 90, 91 The County operates with three commissioners and the following elected officials: Sheriff, Prosecutor, Coroner, County Clerk, Auditor, and Treasurer. Cities of Bremerton, Poulsbo, and Port Orchard operate with an elected Mayor and City Council members. The City of Bainbridge Island operates with a Mayor pro tempore, which rotates among elected City Council members annually. Each city has a City Manager for day-to-day operations. The Port Gamble S’Klallam and Suquamish Tribes have a Tribal Council who oversees their tribal nations, and each has a Tribal Executive Director. 41 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Due to location and topography, Kitsap County can be subject to various hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, severe weather, and tsunamis. Kitsap County has seen 16 Federally declared disasters since 1953, including six flood events, four severe storms, two earthquakes, two biological events, one coastal storm, and one volcano incident. KCDEM and its local, State, and Federal partners work together to prepare for, mitigate against, recover from, and respond to various events and disasters using a whole-community approach. People Population Overview As of 2020, an estimated 275,611(+9.7% from 2010) people call Kitsap County their home.1, 9, 30, 32, 100 Thirty-three percent of those citizens reside in the cities of Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo. Additional residents live on the four military installations and in the tribes of Suquamish at the Port Madison Reservation and Port Gamble S'Klallam along the Hood Canal. Each City Profile section provides specific population/demographic information. Out of the other counties in Washington, Kitsap ranks seventh in total population, third in population density, and median household income, and fifth in per capita income according to 2024 Esri Demographics1, 9, 30, 32, Information related to persons living with disabilities derived from Kitsap Public Health’s 2024 Kitsap County Populations with Functional and Access Needs Estimates. 34 Kitsap County Most Recent Population Estimates32, 100 Location Population Population Density Number of Households Median Household Income Living with a disability Disability Kitsap County 283,073 716 per sq. mi 117,442 $99,445 13.49% (2024) (2024) (2024) (2024) (2022) City of Bainbridge 25,177 912 per sq. mi 10,354 $157,856 8.45% Island (2024) (2024) (2024) (2024) (2022) City of Bremerton 44,633 1,570 per sq. mi 17,703 $70,194 18.43% (2024) (2024) (2024) (2024) (2022) City of Port 17,536 1,818 per sq. mi 6,485 $90,302 *14.76% Orchard (2024) (2024) (2024) (2024) (2022) City of Poulsbo 12,403 2,600 sq. mi 45,042 $97,958 **12.44% (2024) (2024) (2024) (2024) (2022) Table 10: Kitsap County Most Recent Population Estimates. (* Includes South Kitsap County ** Includes North Kitsap County) 42 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Figure 3: Map of Census Urbanized Areas & Urban Growth. 43 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Figure 4: Kitsap Zoning Map amended Nov 13, 2023. 44 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Age Distribution Figure 4 below show the distribution of Kitsap County by age, sex and race. Residents 65 years and older make up approximately 21 percent of the population, this is a 3 percent increase over 2017 data100. Kitsap’s population of 65 and over is higher than Washington states’ over 65 population at 17 percent. There are also proportionately fewer residents under 18 years of age and less than five years of age in Kitsap County compared to Washington state. Kitsap County has a mediun age slightly above that of Washington State at 40.4 years compared to 38.6 years of age for Washington. 1, 9, 30, 32, 100 Figure 6: Kitsap County Population Distribution Figure 5: Kitsap County Population with a Disability by subgroups. 45 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Functional Needs and Vulnerable Populations Kitsap County’s access and functional needs populations are outlined in figure 5 below. Kitsap’s population with disabilities has increased approximately 1.5 percent since 2019 this includes the population with ambulatory difficulty those who are electrically dependent. 34, 100 Economy In 2023, the civilian labor force in Kitsap County averaged 131,014, higher than the 2019- 2022 levels. On an annual average basis, there have been yearly increases in the labor force since 2014, another indicator of a healthy job market. In 2023, the county unemployment rate was 4.1 percent steady from 2022. Unemployment during the 2019-2022 pandemic spiked with a high of 7.7 percent in 2020.32, 35, 44 The largest component of Kitsap County nonfarm employment is government. This sector typically accounts for over a third of the nonfarm total with a 2021 total of 32,600 jobs. Of that total, 20,200 was federal government employment. The second-largest group was local government, with 10,700 jobs. 1, 9, 30, 32, 35 Five military installations are located within Kitsap County and are a critical factor in the County’s economic balance. The remaining workforce work in the fields of fishing, construction, manufacturing, transportation, public utilities, wholesale, retail, financial, insurance, real estate, and services. Kitsap County is also home to many citizens who consider themselves retired and enjoying the cultur e and incredible atmosphere of Kitsap County and its four "port" cities. 1, 9, 30, 32 Figure 7: Kitsap County Populations with Functional and Access Needs. 46 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Built Environment As of 2023, Kitsap County has 118,680 housing units and 2,258 building permits issued, housing unit occupancy and structure type is noted in table 12 below. Figure 8 offers a view of comprehensive land use in the County. 1, 9,100 The most current Hazus risk assessment from FEMA’s Risk Report was utilized to identify the buildings most at risk from multiple hazards, as well as specific areas of mitigation interest. The table below highlights some of the buildings in the unincorporated Kitsap County affected by flooding, tsunami, earthquake, and landslide risks. Unincorporated Kitsap County has 30% of its structures built before modern building code and has 766 buildings within the landslide zone, representing $137 million in value.35 Kitsap County Areas of Mitigation Interest36, 100 Community Building Name Address Building Value Loss Value Loss Ratio Hazard Type Multiple Single- Family Homes NE Twin Spits Rd $2.0 million (15 Homes) $790,000 40% Flood Sunnyslope Elementary School 4183 Sunnyslope Rd. SW, Port Orchard $2.6 million $1.3 million 50% Earthquake Apartment Complex 1623 W. Admiralty Heights Ln. $8.1 million (9 Units) N/A N/A Landslide Tracyton Community Library 351 NW Tracy Ave. $85,000 $53,000 64% Earthquake South Kitsap Fire and Rescue 1974 Fircrest Dr. SE $994,000 $651,000 65% Earthquake Table 11: Kitsap County Areas of Mitigation Interest. Existing Structures City/County Public Buildings The combined City/County public buildings are approximately 2500 units. In the past decade, the Cities and County enjoyed a building boom, which included the construction of a new County Administration Building and four new city halls. 32, 41, 71, 90, 91 Most other critical facilities are relatively new except for older structures used by the fire districts or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) serving Kitsap County. The Kitsap County Housing Authority did not participate in this planning process; most of their buildings are of wood stock with minor exceptions and were not damaged during the Nisqually earthquake. 47 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Residential Structures Most residential structures in the County are constructed of wood stock. KCDEM offers programs to instruct building contractors and residence on how to “brace and bolt” older structures to improve some of the over 100,000 residential structures that have not been retrofitted to earthquake mitigation standards. The table Figure 8: Kitsap County Comprehensive Land Use (2023). 48 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 below contains the number of housing units in Kitsap as of 2023: 1, 44 Infrastructure Transportation, Communications, and Utilities Transportation, communications, and utilities are vulnerable to hazardous events. Transportation corridors are vital to the movement of citizens and the economy, as well as electrical and natural gas grids providing energy in the County. Transportation is provided through state and county roads but limited by the geographic characteristics of Kitsap County shorelines and is subject to ferry systems and bridges. There is no major rail service in the County with some track provided to Naval installations. 1, 44 The Hood Canal Floating Bridge is critical to Clallam and Jefferson Counties as their main supply route which may be impacted by various hazards. 1, 44 Transportation Concerns 1. The Tacoma Narrows is the major route for commercial traffic into the county and may be affected by various hazards. 2. The Gorst area is a choke point that most traffic heading north of this point has to pass through. The bridges in the area are particularly vulnerable to natural disasters such as earthquakes due to liquefaction. a. Gorst continues to be a transportation chokepoint that becomes impassable with nearly any hazard, including high winds, floods, and car accidents. This issue has the potential to result in delays in emergency response operations and critical transportation. 3. All other bridges on SR16 including those in Pierce County. a. This is the main route for getting things into Kitsap County. 4. The three Ferry Terminals (Bremerton, Bainbridge, and Southworth). 5. The Agate Pass Bridge, as it is the only land connection to Bainbridge Island. Kitsap County enjoys all the communications available to major Puget Sound cities. These include Figure 9: Kitsap County Housing Characteristics - American Community Survey (2023). 49 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 high-speed internet and cable TV services, which are available to its citizens. Kitsap County built a 911 Center in 2004 as a hazard mitigation strategy. Since the original construction seismic isolation systems were installed to provide better protection of the County and 911 communication networks. Puget Sound Energy (PSE) provides essential electrical power to most residential and commercial facilities in Kitsap County. This combination of pole and underground service has received hazard mitigation-related upgrades over the years to reduce winter storm outages and improve structural integrity. However, along with both the pole and underground electrical grid, gas lines, public utility, and sewer systems are underground and vulnerable to earthquakes and other causes of moving earth (e.g., landslides). Transportation Links in Kitsap County Type Link Comments Air Bremerton Airport Limited commercial service Highways Major routes SR 3, 16, 104 No interstate highways in Kitsap Bridges Agate Pass Bridge Tacoma Narrows Bridge Hood Canal Bridge Manette Bridge Vital links to adjourning counties Bridge East Bremerton Bridge (Warren Ave) Service to East Bremerton from Bremerton Transit Kitsap Transit Access and regular service Vital service to military installations and ferry docks Rail Puget Sound Pacific Railroad Service from Mason County to military installations Ferries Kitsap Transit Inter-harbor service Ferry Terminals Service to Bremerton/Port Orchard and Bremerton/Annapolis WA State Ferries Service from Bremerton, Bainbridge Island, Kingston, and Southworth Service to Edmonds, Seattle, and King County Table 18: Transportation Links in Kitsap County Critical Facilities & Cultural Resources Following is a table of an overview of the more critical facility and cultural elements of the County. More in-depth information regarding critical facilities, cultural resources, and locations can be found in each City Profile following this section. Two critical infrastructure aspects are healthcare and water, figures 8 and 9 identify these critical portions of Kitsap County’s infrastructure. 9, 8, 44 50 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Asset Inventory Inventories of geo-referenced assets for Kitsap County, including Bainbridge, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Hansville and Kingston, were compiled to identify and characterize the properties potentially at risk to identified hazards36. By understanding the type and number of assets and where they are in relation to known hazard areas, the relative risk and vulnerability for such assets can be assessed. Under this assessment, two categories of physical assets were created and then further assessed through GIS analysis. Additionally, social assets are addressed to determine population at risk to the identified hazards. These are presented in Table 12 below. 9, 32, 44, 55, 56 Kitsap County Critical Facilities & Cultural Resources City/Jurisdiction Type/Name Notes Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Location of County Emergency Operations Center (EOC) & Primary Ballot processing facility. Kitsap County/ Bremerton Emergency Medical Services Private and Fire service Kitsap County Kitsap911 Consolidated Emergency Dispatch Figure 10: Critical facilities; Medical / Dental Faculties. Figure 11: Critical facilities; Water service areas. 51 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Kitsap County/ Port Orchard / Poulsbo Community Development / Emergency Medical Services St Michael’s Medical Center, The Doctors Clinic Urgent Care locations, Kizer Permanente Medical Center Kitsap County/ Silverdale Emergency Medical Services Private and Fire service Kitsap County/ Port Orchard Sheriff Kitsap County Public Works Critical KCPW Infrastructure: • Central Kitsap Treatment Plant: Provides sewer service to Poulsbo, Navy (Bangor, Keyport), Silverdale and Central Kitsap • Kingston Treatment Plant: Provides Sewer Service to Kingston UGA • Suquamish Treatment Plant: Provides Sewer Service to Port Madison Reservation/Suquamish Tribe and Suquamish LAMIRD • Manchester Treatment Plant: Provides Sewer Service to EPA/USN Fueling Station and Manchester LAMIRD • Main PW Building in Port Orchard: Houses Finance, Engineering, Construction Management functions • Randy W Casteel PW Annex in Olympic View Industrial Park (OVIP): Houses Stormwater, Sewer and Solid Waste staff functions • Household Hazardous Waste Facility in OVIP: Handles low-level hazardous waste for community • Olympic View Transfer Station in OVIP: Serves as the centralized collection point for all solid waste generated within Kitsap County including tribal land and USN/Federal. Garbage and Recycling Facilities in Silverdale (Dickey Road), Olalla, Hansville provide household garbage and recycling drop off spots for the community • Road Maintenance Facilities (South Road Shop, Central, and North): House the road maintenance functions for Kitsap County • Numerous Sewer Pump Stations (over 50) bring sewage from community to the 4 KCPW operated Treatment plants Kitsap County/ Port Orchard Human Resources 52 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Kitsap County/ Port Orchard Information Services Bainbridge Island Police Station Bainbridge Island Fire Stations Fire Stations 21, 22, and 23. Bainbridge Island City Hall Bainbridge Island Public Works facilities Bainbridge Island Main Wastewater Treatment Facility Bainbridge Island Reservoir Facilities Located at High School Road, Old Creosote Road, and Knechtel and Grand. Bainbridge Island Well Fields Located at the Head of the Bay, Fletcher Bay, and Rockaway Beach. Bainbridge Island Pump Stations 17 sewage pump stations total. Bainbridge Island Agate Pass bridge and Winslow Ferry Terminal Bainbridge Island Elementary schools 5 total Bainbridge Island Middle/Intermediate Schools 3 total Bainbridge Island High Schools 2 total Bainbridge Island Alternate Schools 3 total Bainbridge Island Medical Clinics 4 total Bainbridge Island Senior Assistance Center Bainbridge Island Parks & Nature Reserve Bainbridge Island has several parks, learning centers, religious centers, and a nature preserve. Bainbridge Island Historic Properties The City of Bainbridge Island has seven historic properties registered with the federal register and 35 historic properties. registered with the local historic register. There are 19 heritage trees on the island.37 Bainbridge Island Museums The island has two museums: Kids Discovery Museum (KiDiMu) and the Bainbridge Island Historical Museum.38 Bainbridge Island Japanese American Exclusion Memorial This museum is an outdoor exhibit commemorating the internment of Japanese Americans from Bainbridge Island in the state of Washington. Bremerton Police Station Bremerton Fire Stations Both fire stations in Bremerton are brick, are not retrofitted, and show significant damage in earthquake Hazus models. Bremerton Courthouse Bremerton The Norm Dicks Building Houses City Government and Kitsap Public Health. Bremerton Public Works Campus Bremerton Olympic College Olympic College has multiple campuses within Kitsap County. Bremerton Bremerton School District As of 2019, the Old East High/Junior High School was demolished, and 10,000 square feet were added to the STEM West Hills Elementary School. 53 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Bremerton Casad Dam Bremerton American Red Cross Port Orchard Police Station Port Orchard Fire Stations Fire District #7 – Fire Station #31. Port Orchard City Hall Port Orchard Public Works Shop Port Orchard Port Orchard School District South Kitsap School District: South Kitsap High School, Cedar Heights Jr. High Port Orchard Givens Community Center Port Orchard Kitsap County Courthouse Complex and county jail Port Orchard Health Facilities Group Health Coop of Puget Sound, St Francis Medical Center, Virginia Mason Franciscan Health. Port Orchard Joint Wastewater Treatment Facility Wells: 5 wells and one transmission main from the City of Bremerton. Port Orchard Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Port Orchard’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC) has been relocated to South Kitsap Fire and Rescue, Station 31, which resolves the critical vulnerabilities that were inherent with the previous EOC location. Port Orchard The Masonic Hall on the National Register of Historic Places Port Orchard The Sidney Museum and Arts Association Includes cultural assets such as a gallery, art museum, and log cabin museum Port Orchard The Western Washington Center for the Arts Acts as a community theater. Port Orchard The Veteran’s Living History Museum Port Orchard The Fathoms ‘O’ Fun Festival Considered a valued community tradition. Poulsbo Police Station Poulsbo Fire Stations Fire District #18 Headquarters/Fire Station #71 Poulsbo City Hall Poulsbo Public Works Office & Shop Poulsbo North Kitsap School District • Administration Building • North Kitsap Senior High School • Poulsbo Junior High School • Poulsbo and Vinland Elementary Schools • The building formerly known as Spectrum Alternative School has been repurposed after being closed in 2010. As of 2019, it is a new alternative learning program. Poulsbo Olympic College Poulsbo Branch Campus 54 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Poulsbo Health Facilities • Poulsbo Village Medical Center with Regional Hospitals as backup • North Kitsap Medical Center Poulsbo Wastewater Treatment Plan Brownsville via pressurized pipe under Liberty Bay Poulsbo Wells 6 total operational and one not online currently Poulsbo Water Tanks 9 water tanks wastewater lift stations Table 12: Kitsap County Critical Facilities & Cultural Resources. Physical and Improved Assets The two categories of physical assets consist of: 1. Improved Property: Includes all improved properties in Kitsap County according to local parcel data provided by the cities. The information has been expressed in terms of the number of parcels and total assessed value of improvements (buildings) that may be exposed. 2. Critical Facilities: Critical facilities vary by jurisdiction. Each city provided data from their respective critical facilities. Identified critical facilities are fire stations, police stations, medical care facilities, schools, government facilities, emergency operation centers, or other important buildings. It should be noted that this listing is not all- inclusive for assets located in the region. While potentially not all-inclusive for the jurisdictions in Kitsap County, “georeferenced” assets include those assets for which specific location data is readily available for connecting the asset to a specific geographic location for purposes of GIS analysis. Culturally Sensitive Areas Kitsap Peninsula is rich with arts and culture, from museums showcasing the region's diverse people, creations, and history to dozens of venues featuring live theater, dance, and music. Various groups, societies, and associations enrich Kitsap County’s cultural environment, and these entities bring benefits to residents and visitors in many ways. 32, 72, 73, 74, 75, 1. Kitsap Historical Society & Museum 2. Kitsap Maritime Heritage 3. Kitsap Regional Library 4. Military Historic Sites & Memorials 5. Puget Sound Navy Museum 6. South Kitsap Arts Association 7. West Sound Arts Council Some of the best artists in the region call Kitsap County home and a number of programs throughout the county support established and emerging artists and provide the public with ample opportunities to view the work of old favorites and talented newcomers. Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, and Silverdale all host regular art walks, where area businesses stay open late and serve as temporary art galleries for local painters, sculptors, photographers, and other artisans. Kitsap is known for its superior art galleries such as the Amy Burnett Fine Art Gallery in Bremerton, the Bainbridge Arts and Crafts Gallery on Bainbridge Island, and The Front Street Gallery in 55 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Poulsbo and The Lisa Stirrett Glass Art Gallery in Silverdale. 32, 72, 73, 74, 75 The beautifully restored Admiral Theater in Bremerton brings a variety of performances to the area, and the Bremerton Symphony delivers classical music offerings throughout the year. In addition, a number of local and regional theater groups exist in the county and perform everything from Shakespeare to show tunes. Kitsap is home to two beautiful new museums, The Bainbridge Island Museum of Art and the Suquamish Museum and Cultural Center. Other popular museums offering unique experiences include The Naval Undersea Museum, the Kids Discovery Museum, and touring the historic Navy Destroyer the U.S.S. Turner Joy. 32, 72, 73, 74, 75 Kitsap is home to several world-class gardens including the internationally renowned Bloedel Reserve, the legendary Heronswood Gardens, and Elandan Garden’s Bonsai Collection. 32, 72, 73, 74, 75 The strong cultural influences of the Suquamish and Port Gamble S’Klallam tribes are integral to the Kitsap Peninsula. 92, 93 Suquamish is the ancestral home of the great Chief Seattle and hosts the annual Chief Seattle Days festival in his honor. Another cultural highlight is the annual Tribal Canoe Journey, a gathering of 90 Northwest Native tribes with scheduled landings in Suquamish and Port Gamble. The Suquamish Clearwater Casino and Resort and The Point Casino offer a wide variety of entertainment options and are major economic drivers in the County. Tribal Lands Founded in its deep cultural values, the Suquamish People consider all lands and waters on our Reservation and usual and accustomed (U&A) to be sacred and sensitive92, 93. Therefore, it’s important to note that in accordance with Federal government criteria, the Tribe has identified 20 specifically culturally sensitive areas within the Port Madison Indian Reservation. Sixteen resources are on or directly adjacent to the contemporary marine shoreline and may be affected by wave action during severe storms, by oil spills and other toxic substances that enter marine waters, or by tidal waves caused by earthquakes on the Seattle Fault Zone. Again, based on the Tribe’s cultural values, these specific areas only represent a portion of those lands and waters considered culturally sensitive. 92, 93 Figure 15 illustrates where each of the culturally sensitive sites is located. They are labeled on the map by numbers that correspond with their assigned identification names. 56 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Culturally Sensitive Sites Site ID Number Description 1 Archaeological Site 45KP32 – Shell Midden 2 Archaeological Site 45KP33 – Shell Midden 3 Archaeological Site 45KP34 – Shell Midden 4 Archaeological Site 45KP40 – Shell Midden 5 Archaeological Site 45KP41 – Shell Midden 6 Archaeological Site 45KP42 – Shell Midden 7 Archaeological Site 45KP43 – Shell Midden 8 Archaeological Site 45KP44 – Shell Midden and Adams Marsh Complex 9 Archaeological Site 45KP45 – Petroglyph 10 Archaeological Site 45KP48 – Petroglyph 11 Doe-Kag-Wats Marsh Complex 12 House of Awakening Cultural Complex 13 Kians Lodge Complex 14 Marsh Complex Island 15 Miller Bay Split Complex 16 Old Man House Archaeological Site (45KP2) and Historic Village 17 Sacred Place 18 Sacred Place 19 St. Peter Mission 20 Suquamish Cemetery Table 13: Listing of Culturally Sensitive Sites Port Madison Indian Reservation. Figure 12: Map of Culturally Sensitive Sites Port Madison Indian Reservation . 57 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 In June 2021, the third Buildable Lands Report was completed by Kitsap County and its cities per requirement of the Washington State Growth Management Act (GMA) in RCW 36.70A.215. The Report further identifies that identified buildable lands are guided by the Critical Areas (as shown in Figure 13) identified within the county which reflects natural hazards impact areas. As of 2016, Kitsap County Code required vacant large lots (over 18,000 square feet) located in the Urban Low Residential and Urban Cluster Residential zones to subdivide the land to a maximum lot size of 9,000 square feet prior to development occurring on the property per Ordinance 559-2018. In 2018, the County developed the following amendments to the Comprehensive Plan: change the land use designation to Mineral Resource Overlay (MRO) on property outside urban growth areas (UGAs), change the land use designation to Forest Resource Lands (FRL) on property outside urban growth areas, and change the land use designation on property within an Urban Growth Area for the purpose of infill and redevelopment. In 2019, the County clarified edits to the plan and developed Public Facility Map Amendments (e.g. utility and park lands), the Fircrest & Mile Hill Neighborhood Map Amendment (located in the Port Orchard UGA), the Comprehensive Plan and Kitsap County Code Amendment Process, as well as removed the Mineral Resource Overlay (MRO) from parcels that do not meet designation criteria and created a 20-year Capital Facilities Plan (Parks & Recreation, Law Enforcement, South Kitsap Schools). Future Development The Kitsap County Comprehensive Plan describes the 20-year vision for unincorporated Kitsap County and how that vision will be achieved. The plan covers land use, economic development, environment, housing and human services, transportation, capital facilities and utilities as well as parks, recreation, and open space. The Comprehensive Plan is mandated by the Washington State Growth Management Act (RCW 36.70A). A full copy of the plan can be found at https://www.kitsapgov.com/dcd/Pages/Kitsap_County_Comprehensive_Plan.aspx. Figure 13 is a Comprehensive Land Use Map that shows the land uses that are permitted by the Comprehensive Plan. The Land Use Map is adopted as part of the Plan. It designates the proposed general distribution, locations and extent of the uses of land for urban and rural uses, where appropriate, for housing, commerce, industry, recreation, open spaces, public utilities and facilities, agriculture, forestry, and other uses. The Land Use Map guides growth consistent with Urban Growth area boundaries and provides the capacity to accommodate adopted growth targets. Kitsap County Public Works (KCPW) plans to build a new North Kitsap Road Maintenance Facility and Household Hazardous Waste Collection Facility near the intersection of Gunderson Road and State Route 307 in the next three to five years. The current North Road Maintenance Facility located at the corner of SR 305 and SR 307 will be closed. Natural Environment Kitsap County is bound by Hood Canal to the west, Admiralty Inlet to the north, Puget Sound to the east, and Mason and Pierce counties to the south. Its landmass totals 393 square miles, 58 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 ranking 36th in area among counties in Washington. Kitsap County has 228 miles of saltwater frontage, more than any other county in Washington. Most of the land area consists of remnants of a glacial drift plain. The surface is composed generally of flat-topped rolling hills separated by valleys and bays. The land rises from sea level to maximum elevations of 400 to 600 feet, except for Green Mountain and Gold Mountain west of Bremerton. These hills, formed from ancient volcanic rocks, cover about 20 square miles and rise to an elevation of 1,761 feet. The County occupies lowlands in the shadow of the Olympic Mountains. Kitsap has a moderate climate with mild, wet winters and cool, dry summers. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 26 inches in the north to nearly 80 inches in the vicinity of Green and Gold Mountains, with a yearly average of 41.2 inches of rain and 3.5 inches of snow countywide. Kitsap County has an average of 161 precipitation days per year. The average low temperature in January is 33.8 degrees F, and the average high temperature in July is 75.1 degrees F.39 Topography The Kitsap Peninsula area is geologically the remnant of a glacial drift plain. The peninsula is extensively carved by inlets, giving the County roughly 33 miles of freshwater waterfront and 228 miles of saltwater coastline. Landslide and marine bluff failures are relatively common in the low hills on the perimeter of Puget Sound, particularly in unsheltered bluff areas subjected to wave cutting. Four main geologic units exist in the subsurface: (1) fill; (2) younger alluvium, including beach deposits; (3) alluvium associated with the Vashon Glacier; and (4) basaltic bedrock. Low areas have filled with peat and very loose soils over time, and some may have been artificially filled during periods of development. Creeks and Freshwater Ways Although Kitsap County has the propensity to flood, it does not have any rivers. Rather, it has 39 known creeks that can swell from significant rainfall and flood downstream structures. Kitsap County and its Cities have been proactive in managing runoff and reducing the impacts of low area flooding during significant rainfall events. Mitigation efforts have reduced common flooding areas in cities through innovative means to manage rainfall such as improved stormwater systems. Saltwater Landmarks Saltwater landmarks include Admiralty Bay, Dyes Inlet, Sinclair Inlet, Port Washington Narrows, Liberty Bay, Miller Bay, and Hood Canal. FEMA’s flood map and the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) define those areas that are affected by boat wakes, low-lying flooding from high tides, or potential tsunamis. 11, 52 Landslides Kitsap has a history of fatal landslides. Landslide and marine bluff failures are common on low hills and the perimeter of Puget Sound. Significant rainfall and ground saturation affect these areas. Many areas in Kitsap County are defined as "geological critical" areas with soft soil and a higher risk of shaking during earthquakes. 5, 11, 16 59 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Lakes Kitsap County has several lakes fed by the numerous creeks and streams in the County. Some lakes have dams to manage lake water levels and protect waterfront residence. The Casad Watershed provides drinking water to the residents of Bremerton. Other lakes provide recreational fishing and boating managed by private residences or County/City Governments. 4, 37, 52 Critical Areas Figure 13 displays the Critical Areas of Kitsap County with an accompanying map legend to the right of this text. The map depicts Critical Areas, as defined in Title 19 Kitsap County Code (Critical Areas Ordinance) and is for informational and illustrative purposes (WAC 365- 190-080). It includes wetlands, fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas (streams, lakes, and waterbodies), geologically hazardous areas, and frequently flooded areas. 4, 11,16, 37. 52 60 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Kitsap County Hazard & Disaster History The frequency of historic events determines the prioritization of mitigation strategies and recommendations. Table 14 lists a historical perspective of disasters that have affected Kitsap County. Some general conclusions arise out of Kitsap County’s disaster history: 5, 11, 12, 94, 95 1. During severe winter weather in December 2018, an EF-2 tornado caused catastrophic damage to homes and commercial buildings. Tornadoes in Kitsap County are rare due to irregularities in geography and elevation of the area. The geography is not typically conducive to forming tornadoes large enough to be destructive. 94, 95 2. Since 1962, earthquakes have had the biggest economic impact on the county relative to costs and community disruptions. 94, 95 Critical Areas of Kitsap County Figure 13: Critical Areas of Kitsap County. B1- b. Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? 61 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 3. Winter storm events represent 77% of historical declarations at the local level. Some significant events have occurred, but, in most cases, probably did not create disruptions in the entire county or cause substantial damages. 94, 95 4. The Mount St. Helens catastrophic incident in 1980 is listed, but Kitsap County was not significantly affected, nor was Kitsap County part of the Presidential Declaration. It is a reminder, like the incidents of 9/11, that catastrophes outside the county can affect the local area. For example, an eruption of Mt. Rainier would affect Kitsap County. 5. From a historical perspective, mitigation efforts should concentrate on reducing the impact of winter storms, flooding, and earthquakes. 94, 95 Over time, projects to mitigate winter storm events had a significant impact on future damages from storms and improve the quality of life in Kitsap. Historically, winter storms and their impact are more predictable; therefore, the cause, effect, and mitigation can be quantified and therefore justified for improvements. As such, in the last 10 years, the numbers of declarations have declined due to mitigation efforts targeted to control flooding, runoff, and other issues caused by winter storms. 94, 95 Kitsap County’s previous Mitigation efforts have been related to building resilience and improving community preparedness. A review of hazard-prone areas including those near landslide prone areas, tsunami and flood regions during this review, edit, and update of the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan shows that while previous mitigation strategies have improved resilience, there is much work still to be completed. Much of this is due to the ever-growing population of Kitsap County and the Partner Cities. While the population continues to grow the county continues to see an increase in the certain hazards. One area of increased hazard is the Urban Wildfire interface and thus an increase in mitigation strategies has been implemented. Another area of increased hazard is flooding and landslides, with the increased population there is also an increase in the built environment within Kitsap County, while community planning and development take this into account there is still a correlation between increase in built environment and increases in flooding and landslides. Flooding continues to be a hazard especially in the low-lying areas such as Kingston and Hansville along with Port Orchard; all of which have seen increases in flood activity since the 2019 approved MHMP. The flooding mitigation strategies from the 2019 plan have improved a number of culverts and flood zones within Kitsap County, however, there is still a large amount of continued work to be done. Kitsap County Emergency/Disaster History 1962-202494, 95 Date of Incident Type Declared Comments 2020 2 Biological Disasters Federal Declaration COVID and MPOX February 2019 Severe Winter Storm Local (was undeclared locally), State Local Public Assistance threshold not met. December 2018 Severe Winter Storms - Tornado Local, State, Federal Local Public Assistance threshold not met. Local SBA declaration. December 2016 Windstorm with Severe Rain Local Did not meet State declaration threshold. 62 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 December 2016 Windstorm with Severe Rain Local Did not meet State declaration threshold. November 2010 Severe Winter Storm Local Local Public Assistance threshold not met December 2008 Severe Winter Storm Local, State, Federal Local Public Assistance threshold not met August 2008 Hurricane Katrina Evacuation State, Federal State: $1.7 million. Local: None December 2007 Severe Winter Storm Local, State, Federal State: $82.5 million. Local: $3.13 million. December 2006 Severe Storm Local, State Local Public Assistance threshold not met. November 2006 Severe Storm Local, State Local Public Assistance threshold not met. January 2006 Severe Storm Local, State Local: $544,775 December 2005 Severe Winter Storm Local, State, Federal Local Public Assistance threshold not met. January 2004 Severe Winter Storm None Freezing rain, ice, flooding. No record of assistance on file. October 2003 Severe Winter Storm Local, State, Federal State: $11.9 million. Local Public Assistance threshold not met. Individual Assistance received. May-Sept 2003 Drought Local, State No assistance requests. Losses to pasture. January 2003 Flooding Local, State Local Public Assistance threshold not met. January 2002 Flooding Local, State Presidential declaration denied. September 2001 9/11 Attack on the U.S. Local, State No record of requests for assistance on file. February 2001 Earthquake – Nisqually Local, State, Federal State $66.7 million. Local: $832,926 February 1999 Flooding, Slides Local, State Federal public assistance threshold not met. SBA declaration. June 1997 Earthquakes None Series of small earthquakes between June 23 and June 27, ranging in magnitude from 3.1 to 4.9. March 1997 Flooding Local, State, Federal Local Public Assistance threshold not met. Individual Assistance received. December 1996 Severe Storm Local, State, Federal Total Public Assistance: $20 million. Local: $1.96 million. April 1996 Mudslide Local (City of Bainbridge Island) Rolling Bay Mudslide. Local (City) declaration; no record of assistance on file. January 1996 Flooding Local, State, Federal Received Public Assistance. No Individual Assistance received. Bainbridge Island heavily impacted. 63 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 November 1995 Severe Storm – Wind/flooding Local, State Local Public Assistance threshold not met. December 1994 Flooding Local Local declaration; no record on file. January 1993 Windstorm Local, State No record on file. January 1992 Severe Storm No declaration No record on file. December 1990 Severe Storm Local, State, Federal State: $785k. November 1990 Severe Storm Local, State, Federal No record on file. December 1986 Severe Storm Local, State No record on file. December 1982 Severe Storm Local, State No record on file. May 1980 Mount St. Helens Volcano State, Federal No record on file. December 1979 Severe Storm Local, State, Federal No record on file. January 1974 Severe Storm Local, State, Federal No record on file. May 1965 Earthquake Local, State, Federal No record on file. October 1962 Severe Storm – Wind Local, State, Federal No record on file. PA=Public Assistance IA=Individual/Household Assistance *No records maintained on event No FEMA financial data were available online for Federal declarations prior to 2000, only records of declarations. Unable to verify reimbursements. Table 14: Kitsap County Emergency/Disaster History 1962-2024. Hazard Losses for Kitsap County Kitsap County cumulative Hazard Losses 1960-2024 95 Number of Hazard Events Number of Casualties Property Damage Crop Damage 298 510 $311,670,381 $703,234 Table 15: Kitsap County Hazard Loss 1960 - 2024. 64 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 This page intentionally left blank. 65 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Mitigation Strategies & Recommendations Introduction In this section, the natural hazards most likely to affect Kitsap County are identified, defined, and assessed in terms of location, extent, history, probability of future events, climate change impacts, and vulnerability, and the County-wide mitigation strategies are discussed. 94, 95 Hazard assessment information from the 2022 THIRA is provided to build a comprehensive narrative on each specific hazard to present the mitigation strategies. The hazards and their mitigation strategies are discussed in the following order: 1. Earthquakes 2. Landsides & Erosion 3. Tsunamis 4. Wildfires & Urban Fires 5. Floods 6. Severe Storms/Tornados 7. Drought Each section notes lead agencies that guide that define the mitigation strategies for affected jurisdictions. The only hazard to not be included in the MHMP that was identified in the HIVA is volcano ash fall. This hazard was omitted due to the low probability of occurrence and lack of mitigation needs in the next 25 years. Terrorism was included as a hazard in the 2013 MHMP, but it is not included in the 2019 plan due to focusing on natural hazards, and is not included in this plan. Mitigation Strategy Updates from 2019 MHMP B2. DOES THE PLAN INCLUDE A SUMMARY OF THE JURISDICTION’S VULNERABILITY AND THE IMPACTS ON THE COMMUNITY FROM THE IDENTIFIED HAZARDS? DOES THIS SUMMARY ALSO ADDRESS NFIP- INSURED STRUCTURES THAT HAVE BEEN REPETITIVELY DAMAGED BY FLOODS?? (44CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(II)) B1-a. DOES THE PLAN DESCRIBE ALL NATURAL HAZARDS THAT CAN AFFECT THE JURISDICTION(S) IN THE PLANNING ARE, AND DOES IT PROVIDE THE RATIONAL IF OMITTING ANY NATURAL HAZARDS THAT ARE COMMONLY RECOGNIZED TO AFFECT THE JURISDICTION(S) IN THE PLANNING AREA? 66 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 A collection of completed Mitigation Strategies since the last MHMP update (2019) can be found at the end of this section and at the beginning of each City-Specific Mitigation Strategies section. However, not mentioned in this section are the ongoing programs or advancements to eliminate or reduce the long-term risk from identified hazards. Such programs include: • Kitsap “Bolt and Brace” program to train contractors and citizens to retrofit older residences. • Kitsap Prepares Responsibly for Emergencies” Program KPREP, programs designed to train schools, businesses, non-profit organizations, and citizens, to mitigation, prepare for, respond, and recover from disasters, specifically earthquakes. • Kitsap Pre/Post Evaluation of Building Affected by Seismic Events training; teaching building evaluations for potential retrofitting and mitigates effects on earthquakes. • Kitsap ongoing and robust training and exercise program. • Implementing advances in technology to improve communication and warning systems, conduct damage assessments, and analyze results. Kitsap’s Damage Assessment software program integrates County files (i.e., property assessments), GIS, and collection coordination to bring in information regarding public and private damage and provide information and mapping tools to assess citizen safety and structural damage throughout the County. This information becomes vital to understanding at-risk areas in the county and adds to our mitigation planning efforts. These are but a few examples of the ongoing mitigation programs in Kitsap County. Successful mitigation programs, like those mentioned above, or others like stormwater initiatives, have reduced the risks to citizens and properties. Although risk assessment tells us what we need to mitigate, it does not predict the size and complexity of the next catastrophic event in Kitsap. As such, mitigation planning will continue to improve the County’s position to reduce risk and take the burden off first responders and the potential loss to businesses and governments. Funding/Financial Resources Kitsap County, including the Cities of Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo, will seek funds, when available, for hazard mitigation studies and implementation of programs. Potential funding sources include (but are not limited to) programs administered by or through Washington Department of Emergency Management and through local, state, and federal mitigation support resources outlined in Appendix B: Capability Assessment. Earthquake Mitigation Strategies Lead Agencies Support Agencies Kitsap County Emergency Management Council Kitsap County Geographic Information System (GIS) Department City/County Public Works Departments US Geological Survey (USGS) Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management University of Washington (UW) Geology Department Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 67 Hazard Overview An earthquake is the motion or trembling of the ground produced by sudden displacement of rock, usually within the upper 10-20 miles of the Earth's crust. Earthquakes result from crustal strain, volcanism, landslides, or the collapse of underground caverns. Kitsap County is vulnerable to earthquakes due to its location in the Puget Sound region, which features numerous seismogenic geologic faults.5, 16, 38, 45, 59, Washington has dozens of active faults and fault zones. Some of these faults are in remote areas. Others, like the Seattle fault and southern Whidbey Island fault zone, cross under major cities and pose a significant hazard. In general, larger faults make larger earthquakes. All faults, regardless of size, can be dangerous if they rupture. Ground shaking from earthquakes can collapse buildings and bridges; disrupt gas, electric and phone service; and, sometimes, trigger landslides, avalanches, flash floods, fires, and huge, destructive ocean waves (tsunamis). Location Kitsap County is vulnerable to earthquakes due to its location in the Puget Sound region, which features numerous seismogenic geologic faults. Kitsap County is susceptible to subduction as well as to fracture faults. The Puget Sound region is entirely within Seismic Risk Zone 3, requiring that buildings be designed to withstand major earthquakes measuring 7.5 in magnitude. It is anticipated, however, that earthquakes caused by subduction zone plate stress can reach a magnitude greater than 8.0.5,16, 59 With recent studies greatly enhancing scientists’ ability to focus on active faults, scientists have paid particular attention to seven active faults in the Puget Lowland capable of generating damaging earthquakes. These faults include the Seattle Faults (2), Tacoma Fault, Darrington Devils Mountain Fault, Utsalady Point Fault, and two Whidbey Island Faults. The Puget Lowland faults are of particular concern because a considerable portion of the area is heavily urbanized and populated. The four-county central Puget Sound area encompassing King, Kitsap, Pierce, and Snohomish Counties, where a number of the faults are located, has a population base of approximately 3.8 million people, or about 60 percent of the state’s population, and much of the state’s economic base.1, 36,66 Figure 14: Puget Sound Faults. B1- b. Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 68 ‘Normal’ faults96, 97 A normal fault occurs when two blocks are pulled away from each other. Washington has few large normal faults because it is mostly in a region of compression. Small normal faults are found along the top of folds in eastern Washington in the Saddle Mountain graben. The Eastern Sierra fault along the east side of the Sierra Nevada mountains in California is a good example of an active normal fault. ‘Shallow’ Faults96, 97 Shallow faults produce earthquakes in the upper 18 miles (30 kilometers) of the Earth’s crust. These types of faults are common but usually small. Larger crustal faults, such as the Seattle fault and southern Whidbey Island fault zone, can produce earthquakes up to magnitude 7.5. Earthquakes on shallow faults typically last 20 to 60 seconds, and the shaking is localized to the Figure 15: USGS Cascadia earthquake graphic. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 69 general area of the fault. Earthquakes on faults like these may cause tsunamis in the Puget Sound region. ‘Deep’ Faults96, 97 Deep faults can occur where two tectonic plates collide, and one of the plates is forced beneath the other. The plate that is forced down can have faults within it that still rupture and produce earthquakes. These faults and earthquakes usually occur at great depth (tens to hundreds of miles). Because they rupture at such great depth, their seismic energy is distributed over a large area. This means that a large area feels the shaking, but the intensity is less than a similar shallow earthquake. The shaking usually lasts less than a minute and doesn’t generally cause a tsunami or have many aftershocks. Subduction Zone Faults96, 97 A special type of shallow fault called a subduction zone or ‘megathrust,’ occurs where an oceanic plate moves beneath a continental plate. The boundary between the two plates covers a large area and can lock together. Like other faults, when enough stress builds up, the ‘megathrust’ will rupture. What makes these faults ‘mega’ is that the amount of energy released is hundreds to thousands of times more than almost any other type of fault. The ground shaking from these earthquakes can last for several minutes. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan occurred on this type of fault and released enough energy to slightly change the Earth’s axis of rotation. Additionally, because the continent moves up and over the ocean plate, large amounts of seawater are displaced and cause damaging tsunamis. 96, 97, 98, 99 The Cascadia subduction zone just off the Washington coast is this kind of fault and is one of the largest geologic hazards to our state. Effects / Extent The effects of a major earthquake in Kitsap County could be catastrophic. Hundreds of residents could be injured or killed, and a multitude of others would be left homeless98, 34. Depending on the time of day and time of year, a catastrophic earthquake could cause hundreds of injuries and deaths and millions of dollars in critical infrastructure and private property damage (WADNR, 2012-2013). A severe earthquake could level or severely damage older buildings, especially those constructed of non-reinforced masonry. Newer structures, which were built under recent building codes, would probably sustain less damage but would remain vulnerable to the soil conditions of the building site. A severe earthquake would also cause major damage to County and City utilities96, 97, 98, 99. The actual movement of the ground in an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of injury or death. Most casualties result from falling materials. Other effects include, but are not limited to: 96, 97, 98, 99 • Broken water and sewer mains • Downed electric lines • Downed or damaged bridges • Cracked and partially displaced roadbeds and rail lines • Loss of telephone or other telecommunications services • Houses knocked off their foundations B1- c. Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 70 • Partial or complete collapse of buildings, building facades, cornices, or chimneys • Fires including urban conflagration • Chemical spills • Ruptured gas and oil pipelines • Riverbeds disrupted • Broken or cracked dams with possible flooding • Injury and death • Psychological trauma • Economic disruption • Large numbers of displaced persons The effects of a major earthquake in the Puget Sound basin area could be catastrophic, providing the worst-case disaster short of drought-induced wildfire sweeping through a suburban area. Hundreds of residents could be killed, and a multitude of others left homeless. The following figure shows FEMA’s determination of building damage during a 7.2 magnitude earthquake on the Seattle Fault.16 Figure 16: Building Damage Percent during a 7.2M Earthquake on the Seattle Fault. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 71 An earthquake with such a magnitude (7.0+) would cause tremendous damage and economic disruption throughout the central Puget Sound region. 2022 regional estimates of damage and loss for a magnitude 7.2 incident on the Seattle Fault showed such a quake would result in extensive or complete damage to more than 38,000 buildings, more than 31,000 displaced households, and more than 17,500 injured persons. 16, 96, 97 The figure above shows the possible building damage percentage from this magnitude of earthquake. Although losses would likely be less from similar earthquakes on other Puget Sound faults away from the core of the Seattle urban area, all of the newly defined active faults represent the possibility of very high damage, loss of life, and major economic impact. 16 Figure 17: 7.2 Seattle Fault Zone ground motion scenario. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 72 A severe (6.5+) earthquake would also cause major damage to County and City utilities. Depending on the earthquake epicenter and duration of the earthquake, major damage or failure of the Casad Dam could occur16, 96, 97. Water systems in the county would suffer ruptured mains and possible failure of local water reservoirs. Electrical and natural gas utilities would also suffer major damage. Failed transformers and downed electrical lines would create massive power failures in the county. Ruptured gas lines would create conditions for large fires and explosions. Public communication facilities (i.e., radio, television, and telephone systems) would be damaged. Surviving telephone systems would likely be overloaded almost instantly. Radio and television services may take days or weeks to recover. Emergency services (i.e., fire, medical, SAR) would be immediately overwhelmed by the amount of damage and injury throughout the county. County and City Public Works Departments would be very hard-pressed to establish a working road net for essential services, especially if bridges become damaged. At a minimum, bridges in an affected area would have to be inspected before use. Emergency food and shelter would be needed for possibly thousands of persons forced from their homes or isolated by damaged roads and bridges. Because a catastrophic earthquake would likely affect more communities than Kitsap County, the likelihood of immediate assistance from sources outside the county would be remote38, 41, 98, 99 The table below shows the impacts of a Cascadia Scenario on SR bridges in Kitsap County per the Washington Department of Transportation (DOT). It is important to note that all bridges may experience some level of damage. Figure 18: Estimated intensity of an 7.2 magnitude Seattle Fault earthquake. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 73 The following bridges in Kitsap County either on or over State Routes (SR) are expected to experience MODERATE damage during a Cascadia scenario. Location Feature In Facility PIERCE CO MULLENIX ROAD SR 16 4.5 N PIERCE CO MULLENIX ROAD SR 16 4.5 N PIERCE CO BURLEY CREEK SR 16 RAMP 0.6 E JCT SR 303 PORT WASH NARROWS CITY STREET 3.5 N JCT SR 304 SR 310/KITSAP WAY SR 3 6.8 N BAINBRIDGE FY AGATE PASSAGE SR 305 1.7 N JCT SR 308 SR 3 SHERMAN HILL RD 4.3 N JCT SR 308 SR 305 SR 3 4.3 N JCT SR 308 SR 305 SR 3 7.7 N JCT SR 304 RIDGETOP ROAD N.W. SR 303 7.7 N JCT SR 304 RIDGETOP ROAD N.W. SR 303 0.1 N JCT SR 305 Dogfish Creek SR307 0.3 W SR 3 SR 3 ACCESS LUOTO ROAD CLEAR CREEK RD NW 2.6 N JCT SR 303 SR 308 (LUOTO RD) SR 3 2.6 N JCT SR 303 SR 308 (LUOTO RD) SR 3 0.7 N JCT SR 304 SR 3 WERNER/LOXIE EAGAN 15.2 E JCT US 101 HOOD CANAL SR 104 4.6 N JCT SR 302 BURLEY-OLLALA RD NB SR 16 4.6 N JCT SR 302 BURLEY-OLLALA RD SB SR 16 7.6 N PIERCE CO SIDNEY ROAD SR 16 7.6 N PIERCE CO SIDNEY ROAD SR 16 8.3 N PIERCE CO TREMONT ST SR 16 NB 8.3 N PIERCE CO TREMONT ST SR 16 SB 6.2 N MASON CO SR 16 SR 3 NB 1.3 N JCT SR 304 CALLAHAN DRIVE SR 303 5.6 N JCT SR 304 ERLAND POINT RD SR 3 5.6 N JCT SR 304 ERLAND POINT RD SR 3 0.2 S JCT SR 3 SILVERDALE WAY NW SR 303 5.6 N PIERCE CO SR 16 BETHEL RD 6.3 N MASON CO GORST CREEK SR 3 JCT SR 3 SB SR 16 NB SR 16 SPUR 6.6 N JCT SR 304 SR 303 CENTRAL VALLEY RD. 4.0 E JCT SR 16 SR 166 MITCHELL AVE JCT SR 16 SR 16 SR160 0.7 N JCT SR 304 PORT WASHINGTON NARROWS SR 303 3.5 N JCT SR 304 SR 310/KITSAP WAY SR 3 4.5 N JCT SR 304 SR 3 AUSTIN DRIVE 7.2 N JCT SR 304 SR 3 ELDORADO BLVD 3.8 N JCT SR 308 SR 3 FINN HILL ROAD 6.3 N JCT SR 304 CHICO WAY NW SR 3 8.7 N JCT SR 304 NEWBERRY HILL RD SR 3 8.7 N JCT SR 304 NEWBERRY HILL RD SR 3 9.9 N JCT SR 304 ANDERSON HILL RD SR 3 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 74 9.9 N JCT SR 304 ANDERSON HILL RD SR 3 1.0 N JCT SR 303 SR 3 TRIGGER AVE 2.1 N JCT SR 303 SR 3 MOUNTAIN VIEW RD 2.6 N JCT SR 303 SR 3 N-W RAMP TO LUOTO JCT SR 3 SR 3 SR 303 (WAAGA WAY) JCT SR 3 SR 3 SR 303/CLEAR CK RD 9.8 N PIERCE CO SR 166 SR 16 NORTHBOUND JCT SR 3 SR 3 SR 304 W-S RAMP 3.1 E JCT SR 3 DOGFISH BAY SR 308 6.3 N JCT SR 304 CHICO WAY NW SR 3 ***The Hood Canal Floating Bridge was not evaluated as part of this study due to its classification as a special bridge. Earthquakes of lesser magnitude or farther from the county would cause less damage and displacement, but the county could find itself faced with a large influx of displaced persons. Depending on the damage and injuries caused by an earthquake, businesses may close, unemployment may rise, and economic loss might occur. Volcanic earthquakes16, often centered within or beneath the volcano, are usually one of three kinds: (1) pre-eruption earthquakes caused by explosions or steam or underground magma movements, (2) eruption earthquakes caused by explosions and collapse of walls inside the volcano, or (3) post-eruption earthquakes caused by magma retreat and interior structural collapse. Although volcanic earthquakes are strong near the volcano, they are generally confined there. There are some exceptions, as with the "St. Helens Fault Zone," where a tectonic fault (earth's crustal structure) 16 is closely associated with the volcano. Tremors may cause large rockfalls, snow avalanches, landslides, and building collapse. Since all Pacific Northwest volcanoes are in a regular seismic zone, tremors should be evaluated for their volcanic potential by qualified geophysicists or seismologists. The following page shows a map of seismic hazards such as fault hazard zones, liquefaction susceptibility, and site classes in Kitsap County. Liquefaction susceptibility describes the likelihood of saturated sediments to liquefy during an earthquake, resulting in permanent ground deformations. When liquefaction occurs, the ability of soil to support buildings and infrastructure is diminished. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 75 Figure 16: Seismic Hazards Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 76 Expected Extent Earthquakes caused by subduction zone plate stress can reach a magnitude greater than 8.0. Below is a table that discusses earthquake effects at each magnitude. Comparison of Earthquake Measurements16, 96, 97 Magnitude Richter Degree Mercalli Description <3.5 I People do not feel any earth movement. 3.5 II Few people notice movement if they are at rest or on the upper floors of tall buildings. 4.2 III Many people indoors feel movement. Hanging objects swing back and forth. 4.5 IV Most people indoors feel movement. Hanging objects swing. Dishes, windows, and doors rattle. The earthquake feels like a heavy truck hitting the walls. A few people outdoors may feel movement. Parked cars rock. 4.8 V Almost everyone feels movement. Sleeping people are awakened. Doors swing open or closed. Dishes are broken. Pictures on walls move. Small objects move or are turned over. Trees might shake. Liquids might spill. 5.4 VI Everyone feels movement. People have trouble walking. Objects fall from shelves, off walls. Furniture moves. Plaster walls might crack. Trees and bushes shake. Slight damage in poorly built buildings. 6.1 VII People have difficulty standing. Drivers feel cars shaking. Some furniture breaks. Loose bricks fall from buildings. Considerable damage in poorly built buildings, slight to moderate in well-built buildings. 6.5 VIII Drivers have trouble steering. Houses that are not bolted down may shift on their foundations. Towers and chimneys may twist and fall. Poorly built structures suffer severe damage, well-built suffer slight damage. Tree branches break. Wet ground hillsides may crack. Water levels in wells may change. 6.9 IX Well-built buildings suffer considerable damage. Houses that are not bolted down move off their foundations. Some underground pipes are broken. The ground cracks. Reservoirs suffer serious damage. 7.3 X Most buildings and foundations are destroyed. Some bridges are destroyed. Dams are seriously damaged. Large landslides occur. Water is thrown on the banks of canals, rivers, and lakes. The ground cracks in large areas. Railroad tracks are bent slightly. 8.1 XI Most buildings collapse, some bridges are destroyed. Large cracks appear in the ground. Underground pipelines are destroyed. Railroad tracks are badly bent. >8.1 XII Almost everything is destroyed. Objects are thrown into the air. The ground moves in waves or ripples. Large amounts of rock may move. Table 22: Comparison of Earthquake Measurements ShakeMaps, maps depicting shaking intensity and ground motion following an earthquake, can be produced in near-real-time for incidents or created for specific scenarios by regional seismic network operators in cooperation with the USGS. These ShakeMaps can be used for response, land use, and emergency planning purposes. Figure 19 shows a ShakeMap modeled after a Seattle Fault 7.2 magnitude incident showing the shaking intensity for this scenario. The central and eastern portions of Kitsap County, including Bainbridge Island, Port Orchard, and B1- c Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 77 Bremerton, are all located in the severe (instrumental intensity VIII) to extreme (instrumental intensity X+) shake zones. 16, 96, 97 All communities in Kitsap County would be affected if a Seattle Fault incident were to occur. The Cities of Bainbridge Island and Port Orchard have the most significant percentage of buildings located in the moderate-high liquefaction zone, while unincorporated areas of the county have the highest total number of buildings located in these zones. The total building dollar loss in Kitsap County for an earthquake of this magnitude is estimated to exceed $3.6 billion. Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake16, 71, 32, 88, 89, 41 Community Total Est. Building Value Total Number of Buildings Number of Buildings in the Moderate- High Liquefaction Zone Percentage of Buildings in the Moderate- High Liquefaction Zone Building Dollar Loss for a Seattle 7.2 Incident Loss Ratio (Dollar Losses /Total Building Value) Bainbridge $2.6 billion 9,094 384 4% $538 million 21% Bremerton* $1.7 billion 10,899 116 1% $760 million 45% Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe** Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Suquamish Tribe $474 million 3,093 97 3% $29.8 million 6.3% Port Orchard $966 million 4,076 258 6% $377 million 39% Figure 19: Shaking Intensity for a 7.2 Seattle Fault Earthquake. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 78 Poulsbo $865 million 3,160 50 2% $67.5 million 7.8% Unincorporated County $9.7 billion 57,801 1,921 3% $1.8 billion 18% Total $16.3 billion 88,123 2,826 3% $3.6 billion 18% Table 16: Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake. Note: The above table shows the total estimated building value by community, total number of buildings by community, total number of buildings within the moderated to high liquefaction zone, and percentage of buildings within the moderate to high liquefaction zone. In addition, building losses are reported for a Seattle Fault 7.2 magnitude incident as well as a loss ratio. A loss ratio is calculated by dividing the dollar loss by the total building value. The loss values are for building losses only; additional damages to infrastructure and building contents are not captured in this table. *Information from the military base was not included in the assessment for the City of Bremerton. **No building data was available for the Port Gamble S’Klallam Indian Reservation from Kitsap County, so the results are shown as unknown. In addition to the building analysis in the 2020 FEMA Risk Report, essential facilities (schools, fire, police, and medical facilities) were analyzed to determine if they would experience damage from the earthquake incident. Anything labeled greater than 50 percent would be considered damaged. For the entire study area, 155 schools’ buildings of 292 are expected to have a greater than 50 percent chance of being damaged; 91 medical facilities out of 184 are expected to have a greater than 50 percent chance of being damaged; and 16 fire stations out of 48 are expected to have a greater than 50 percent chance of being damaged. Transportation damage is not shown in the report. Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Kitsap County10, 71, 32, 88, 89, 41 Community Number of Pre- Code Buildings (before 1975) Percent Pre-Code Buildings Number of Moderate Code Buildings (after 1975) Percent of Moderate Code Buildings Bainbridge Island 3,082 34% 6,012 66% Bremerton 8,698 80% 2,201 20% Port Orchard 1,415 35% 2,661 65% Poulsbo 725 23% 2,435 77% Squamish Tribe 780 25% 2,313 75% Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unincorporated County 17,278 30% 40,523 70% Total 31,978 36% 56,145 64% Note: Pre-code buildings are those that are built prior to 1975. Moderate code are those built after 1975. These dates were chosen based on when the seismic provisions were incorporated into the building code statewide which was 1975. Please note that the analysis in Hazus used the following dates: Pre - code are any buildings prior to 1941. Moderate Code were any buildings after 1941, which is the default Hazus methodology. Please refer to the appendix for additional information. Table 17: Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Kitsap County. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 79 History Since 1962, earthquakes have had the most significant impact of any hazard on the county in terms of monetary costs and disruptions to daily life. In the Puget Sound region, the most dramatic earthquake identified so far is associated with the Seattle Fault, which runs from the east side of King County across West Seattle and the south end of Bainbridge Island, extending into Central Kitsap. When the ground broke free about 1,100 years ago, geologic forces pushed the ground upward about 20 feet from Restoration Point on Bainbridge Island to Alki Point in West Seattle. Tideflats were left high and dry, and a tsunami drowned low-lying estuaries throughout Puget Sound. Evidence suggests that the tremendous earthquake caused forested slopes to slide into Lake Washington and Lake Sammamish. Farther away, the quake may have unleashed rockslides that blocked streams and created new lakes in the Olympic Mountains.52 Researchers believe the earthquake probably measured around magnitude 7.2, yet the shaking was far greater than deep earthquakes of the same size. In fact, for residents of Kitsap and King counties, a Seattle earthquake today like the one 1,100 years ago would probably cause more damage than the largest Cascadia subduction earthquake. The Nisqually earthquake of 2001 was the most recent earthquake incident that caused significant damage to Kitsap County and the Puget Sound region and is the last major deep earthquake. This 6.8 magnitude earthquake struck the Puget Sound region on February 28, 2001, and created minor to moderate damage to the properties of over 750 Kitsap County residents.53 According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program, damage estimates from this incident amounted to $1 billion to $4 billion dollars throughout the region.54Previous deep earthquakes included a 6.5-magnitude quake near Des Moines in King County in 1965 and a 7.0- magnitude quake near Olympia in 1949.55 The part of Washington State east of the Cascades has historically been subject to shallow, though infrequent, smaller earthquakes up to a magnitude of 6.0. The western part of Washington State is vulnerable to the following earthquake risks: 1. A magnitude of 7.5 incident of 40 or more kilometers in depth. 2. of 6.5 incident at a shallow depth in the vicinity of Mount St. Helens. 3. A magnitude of 7.5 incident at a shallow depth anywhere in western Washington of uncertain probability. 4. Subduction plate earthquakes of magnitudes greater than 8.0. B1- d. Does the plan include the history of previous events for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 80 Washington State Significant Earthquakes Date Time (PST) Latitude Longitude Depth (Km) Mag Location December 14, 1872 2140 48°48' 121°24' shallow 7.4 North Cascades December 12, 1880 2040 47°30' 122°30' 5.5 Puget Sound April 30, 1882 2248 47°00' 123°00' deep 6.0 Olympia area November 29, 1891 1521 48°00' 123°30' 5.0 Puget Sound March 6, 1893 1703 45°54' 119°24' shallow 4.9 Southeast Washington January 3, 1896 2215 48°30' 122°48' 5.7 Puget Sound March 16, 1904 2020 47°48' 123°00' 5.3 Olympics eastside January 11, 1909 1549 48°42' 122°48' deep 6.0 Puget Sound August 18, 1915 0605 48°30' 121°24' 5.6 North Cascades January 23, 1920 2309 48°36' 123°00' 5.5 Puget Sound July 17, 1932 2201 47°45' 121°50' shallow 5.2 Central Cascades July 15, 1936 2308 46°00' 118°18' shallow 5.7 Southeast Washington November 12, 1939 2346 47°24' 122°36' deep 5.7 Puget Sound April 29, 1945 1216 47°24' 121°42' 5.5 Central Cascades February 14, 1946 1914 47°18' 122°54' 40 6.3 Puget Sound April 13, 1949 1155 47°06' 122°42' 54 7.1 Puget Sound August 5, 1959 1944 47°48' 120°00' 35 Northwest Cascades April 29, 1965 0728 47°24' 122°24 63 6.5 Puget Sound February 13, 1981 2209 46°21' 122°14' 7 5.5 South Cascades April 13, 1990 2133 48°51' 122°36' 5 5.0 Deming January 28, 1995 1911 47°23' 122°21' 16 5.0 17.6 km NNE of Tacoma May 2, 1996 2104 47°46' 121°57' 7 5.3 10.2 km ENE of Duvall June 23, 1997 1113 47°36' 122°34' 7.4 4.9 5.5 km NE of Bremerton July 2, 1999 1743 47°05' 123°28' 41 5.1 8.2 km N of Satsop February 28, 2001 1054 47.19°N 122.66°W 57 6.8 Southern Puget Sound, NE of Olympia Table 18: Washington State Earthquakes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 81 Probability of Future Events The largest active fault that will affect Washington (and the whole Pacific Northwest) is the Cascadia subduction zone. This fault produces some of the largest and most damaging earthquakes in the world (M9). A damaging earthquake is inevitable on this fault, but we do not know exactly when it will happen.56 According to the Washington State Department of Natural Resources,21 earthquakes occur nearly every day in the state. Like other counties, Kitsap County takes advantage of various available technologies to assess the likelihood and effect of earthquakes in the region. Such technology includes GIS mapping, Hazus, and evaluation of LIDAR (Light, Detection, and Ranging) and USGS studies about the country. Programs available from the USGS, such as the Washington State Earthquake Scenario Catalog, provide a variety of HAZUS modeling studies on Figure 21: Frequency of Damaging Earthquake Shaking Around the US. B1- e. Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard? Figure 20: Historical Earthquake Damage. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 82 different faults. These studies provide valuable insight into vulnerability and exposure modeling of earthquakes that can be used in mitigation planning and as a training and exercise tools. Climate Change Impacts There is debate over how climate change impacts earthquake activity explicitly, and there is currently no substantial and universally accepted information to provide in this section. 2, 14, 13, 21 Vulnerability Summary 1. The overall risk rating for earthquakes is “high.” Damages are also considered “high” as the incident will affect the county’s infrastructure. The rating is defined as a strong potential for a disaster of major proportions in the next 25 years. Although the 2018 Washington State HIVA rated earthquake risk in Kitsap County as “moderate-high,” it rated area, population, and critical infrastructure with “high” and state and first responder facilities with “moderate-high” exposure risks. Due to high ratings and potential damage to people, infrastructure, and critical facilities, Kitsap County views earthquakes as a high-risk hazard. 2. This hazard mitigation plan identified through collaboration with the partner cities details many of the most vulnerable structures within Kitsap County, these structures were chosen due to either their construction materials, or due to the fact that they have not yet been seismically upgraded or a combination of these. While the structures listed are considered the most vulnerable any and all structures within Kitsap County are at risk from earthquakes, and their aftershocks. 3. Earthquakes are the number one catastrophic threat to Kitsap County. The largest estimated magnitude is 8.0, which would be catastrophic. Although less damaging earthquakes similar to Nisqually in 2001 are more likely, they can still cause damage in the millions across the county. 4. The damaging shaking from an earthquake could cause minor tsunamis, liquefaction in Kitsap County’s small cities, and building and infrastructure damage that would take years of recovery. Small businesses may not survive, and damages to ferry systems, bridges, and highways will impact the economy. 5. All of the critical infrastructure facilities, fire stations, and EMS facilities are located in areas with moderate or higher exposure to earthquake hazards. Mitigation efforts will help lessen the potential impact, but a significant earthquake will still create substantial damage to infrastructure, and potentially to the economy 6. Damage to highway infrastructure outside Kitsap County could have a direct impact on Kitsap County’s economy. In particular, damage to Highway 16 and I-5 in Pierce County will directly impact access to Kitsap County. Also, damage to the Junction of I -5 and US 101 in Thurston County could also directly impact Kitsap County, especially if they were affected at the same time. B1- e. Does the plan describe the effects of future conditions, including climate change on the type, location, and range of anticipated intensities of identified Hazards? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 83 a. The State Ferries routinely operate at near capacity. If an incident caused damage to critical transportation infrastructure, the ferry system would be challenged to pick up the slack. Conclusions Kitsap County lies within multiple fault zones and as such will experience the effects from a major earthquake from activity of any of these faults. Earthquakes are identified as a high (>80%) risk due to the effects a major earthquake will have on the people, infrastructure, economy, and environment. Any major earthquake (>7.2 has a great potential to make Kitsap County an island limiting the ability to receive needed resources from outside the area. Within Kitsap County a major earthquake (>7.2) will also divide the county into impassable “micro-islands” that will require the development of unique methods to restock supplies and needed resources to provide for the population and their recovery Mitigation efforts must be instituted and maintained to decrease potential problems from major earthquakes. They are: 1. Examination, evaluation, and enforcement of effective building and zoning codes. 2. Public education on what to do before, during, and after an earthquake. 3. Development of appropriate County and City government response plans. Response should include detailed, immediate action to save resources such as water and gas supplies. Plans should be realistically exercised at the County and City levels to ensure workability and relevance to disaster response. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 84 Mitigation Strategies Earthquake/Tsunami Mitigation Strategy 2 Develop a three-mile vehicle width recreation trail from Jarstad Park near Gorst to the Kitsap Lake area. Goals: Capacity and Resiliency Lead Washington Department of Transportation and KCDEM Priority Moderate Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bremerton, Port Orchard, Kitsap County Implementation Time 1-5 years Implementation Cost Estimated $100,000-$500,000 Potential Funding Source Local, State Status Continued. To be completed. Feasibility studies to beeval;uated and started. Earthquake/Tsunami Mitigation Strategy 3 Develop a plan to address resiliency and redundancy, including identifying gaps in the transportation network. Goals: Capacity and Resiliency • Add SR 16/3 Lead Washington Department of Transportation and KCDEM Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority Moderate Implementation Time By 2024 Implementation Cost Estimated up to $100,000 Potential Funding Source Local, State Status Ongoing, will be continued through the 2025-2029 period. Earthquake/Tsunami Mitigation Strategy 1 Promote public seismic risk retrofit for residential sector to include educational workshops on foundation bolting, tie downs, and necessary bracing actions. GOAL Reduce injury from falling objects through information and education. • Lead agency will continue to be KCDEM with support from industry subject matter experts. Free workshops for homeowners will be provided twice each year. • Special Resources considered for this project could include volunteer groups, matching grant applications, private donations, and Housing Authority support. • Propose the utilization of Small Business Administration pre-disaster mitigation loans for a portion of the funding needed. Lead KCDEM Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time Ongoing/1 to 5 years Implementation Cost Advertising workshops in local newspapers - $1000-2000/year Potential Funding Source Local, State, Federal Status Ongoing, will be continued through the 2025-2029 period. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 85 Earthquake/Tsunami Mitigation Strategy 4 Mitigate for Agate Passage Bridge closure: utilize maritime alternatives to move passengers and freight. Goal: Exercise maritime alternatives • Last done in 2008 • Can be completed as an exercise Lead Washington Department of Transportation and KCDEM Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority Moderate Implementation Time 1-5 years Implementation Cost Estimated $50,000 Potential Funding Source Local, State, Federal Status Ongoing, Kitsap in 2024 has started the development of a “Marine Unit” This will continue through at a minimum the 2025-2029 period. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 86 Landslide & Erosion Mitigation Strategies Lead Agencies Kitsap County Conservation District City/County Community Development Departments City/County Public Works Departments Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Tribal Nations (where appropriate) Hazard Overview The term landslide refers to the down-slope movement of masses of rock and soil. Slides range in size from thin masses of earth a few yards wide to deep-seated bedrock slides.5, 11 The form of initial failure commonly categorizes them, but they may travel in a variety of ways along their paths. This travel rate may range in velocity from a few inches per month to many feet per second, depending largely on the slope, material, and water content. 5, 11 The recognition of ancient, dormant slide masses is essential, as they can be reactivated by earthquakes or unusually wet winters. Also, because they consist of broken materials and disrupted groundwater, they are more susceptible to construction-triggered sliding than adjacent undisturbed material. Erosion refers to the gradual removal of soil through wind or water action5, 11. Erosion may be induced or increased by failure to use ground covers to protect soil from wind or drainage systems that allow effective dispersal of stormwater. Slopes on waterfronts can also be severely undercut by regular wave action or large waves produced by storms. The following factors contribute to landslides and earth movements: 5, 11 1. Erosion caused by rivers, glaciers, or ocean/sound waves. 2. Earthquakes shaking the ground and creating stress in vulnerable soils. 3. Increased loads from man-made structures like roads and the weight of rain/snow and/or vegetation. 4. Hydrologic issues caused by high water tables, freezing, and thawing of ground or weak soils. 5. Development of land, grading of roads, and the removal of vegetation 6. Increases in lateral pressures like tree roots, crystallizations weakening slopes. Location/Extent Kitsap County is subject to landslides and soil erosion due to wind, water, and flooding at all times of the year figure 22 shows susceptibility to landslides in Kitsap County. Landslides can cause B1- b. Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? B1- c. Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 87 deaths, significant damage to properties and infrastructure, and in some cases, losses of the use of land for many years due to the extensive cost of restoration. Earthquakes also have the potential to trigger landslides. The 2001 Nisqually earthquake caused approximately $34.3 million in damage due to earthquake-induced landslides throughout the region. Landslide occurrences in Kitsap County have been concentrated along its coastal bluffs as well as within river valleys near the coastline. Over 1,000 buildings are located in the defined landslide zone, which have a total estimated value of approximately $211 million. The majority of these buildings are located in unincorporated areas; these 766 buildings have an estimated value of $137 million and comprise nearly 72 percent of all buildings that are susceptible to landslides in the county5, 21, 46, 48, 51. These buildings are concentrated in the northeastern part of the county along Puget Sound, in the southwestern section of the county along Hood Canal, and in the southeastern portion of the county along Colvos Passage. Bainbridge Island also contains a significant number of buildings that are exposed to the effects of landslides, and Port Orchard contains 66 buildings near the Sinclair Inlet that are in the landslide zone5, 21, 46, 48, 51. Effects Landslides typically and primarily cause damage to roads, railroads, sewer, and water lines, homes, and commercial buildings. They can occur as a result of flooding areas or can cause localized flooding if they impact the drainage system within the slope or bluff. The most significant effects of landslides are injury or death, disruption of transportation, and the destruction of property. Severe slides may affect shipping and travel routes to the extent that economic loss results. This loss can be particularly severe for tourism and recreational centric businesses. Uncontrolled Figure 22: Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Zones and Building Impacts. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 88 water flow creates an erosion effect, which in turn can cause landslides. Erosion can also result in gullies, which ruins land and deltas by covering the more valuable ground. The effects of erosion are usually much less dramatic than landslides, but the final results may be more costly. Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at an alarming rate, causing severe loss of topsoil. Soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinization, and soil acidity problems are other serious soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion process. Kitsap County continues to be impacted by landslides and erosion issues with each new winter storm. Soil erosion continues to occur, especially at steep slopes and construction sites during wind and rainstorms. Building Exposure to Landslides 32, 47 Community Buildings within Landslide Zone Building Value with Landslide Zone Bainbridge Island 177 $55 Million Port Orchard 66 $8.1 Million Poulsbo 40 $9.8 Million Squamish Tribe 21 $1.9 Million Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe Unknown Unknown Unincorporated County 766 $137 Million Total 70 on Table 19: Building Exposure to Landslides. History Several landslides have impacted Kitsap County over the last 20 years. Landslides can cause deaths, significant damage to properties, and in some cases, losses of the use of land for many years due to the extensive cost to restoration. The deadly landslide on Bainbridge Island is probably the one single event that demonstrates the unpredictability and destructiveness of a landslide. In the winter of 1996, a landslide in the Rolling Bay area of Bainbridge Island forced a house off its foundation and down a hill into Puget Sound.12, 17 It caused the death of a family of four and destroyed millions of dollars in both public and private property. The tragedy of Oso Landslide of 2014 was a slide that left 43 people dead, many injured, devastating the town of Oso, the Stillaguamish River, and surrounding infrastructure.50 Probability of Future Events Washington is one of the most landslide-prone states in the country and annually experiences hundreds to thousands of events across the state. Landslides on the 2023 Risk hazard for Kitsap County is moderate (>75%) due to the county’s history of landslides, the areas that have the highest probability to landslide B1- d. Does the plan include the history of previous events for each identified hazard? B1- e. Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 89 (high population areas), and the damages that would result from large landslides within Kitsap County. Figure 24 shows highly probable areas within Kitsap county for landslides, however, it is difficult to predict precisely when and where a landslide will occur. There are, however, seasonal predictions in locations commonly affected by heavy rains near shorelines. In some cases, the amount of precipitation that falls over a particular period of time can predict the vulnerability of a slope. The severity of any landslide is the loss of life and the destruction of property. LIDAR technology, ongoing studies, and managing land use helps improve mitigation practices. Although the County no longer has the LIDAR program, the studies during its implementation created comprehensive maps and valuable hazard information, Information from the Washington Department of Natural (WA DNR) LIDAR Portal was utilized to retrieve and model 2018 data. Landslide events often occur within the boundaries of pre-existing deep-seated landslide deposits. Like the 2008 LIDAR data, the most current WA DNR (2018) LIDAR data modeling identified, a total of 231 landslides11, all of which were assigned a confidence interval of high or moderate to indicate how confident the USGS was that the event occurred. According to this study, landslides represented 0.8% of the land area of Kitsap County. Landslide events in Kitsap County were concentrated in the coastal areas on Puget Sound, Port Orchard Channel, Hood Canal, and Colvos Passage. The largest cluster of landslide deposits appeared near Holly and Hoods Point along Hood Canal, as well as near Kingston in the northeastern part of Kitsap County along Puget Sound.62 City Buildings within Landslide Zone Building Value with Landslide Zone Bainbridge Island 177 $55 million Port Orchard 66 $8.1million Poulsbo 40 $9.8 million Unincorporated County 766 $137 million Suquamish Tribe 21 $1.9 million Total 1070 $211 million Table 21: Building Exposure to Landslides. Landslides are common in areas with steeper slopes and wet environments, which are also often locations of greater ecological diversity 96, 97. Landslides mobilize soil and often stress rehabilitative regeneration processes within upland denuded areas. This soil loss is often permanent. Landslide debris can block watercourses, damming flows resulting in flooding and extreme surges when these blockages fail. These impacts often result in long-term changes. These changes can be beneficial to fluvial Kitsap County LIDAR Defined Landslides (2018)11 Jurisdiction Number of Landslides % of Total Landslides Affected Area per Jurisdiction in Sq. Mi. Unincorporated Kitsap County 137 76.5 24.5 Bainbridge Island 27 15 4.8 Bremerton 6 3.4 1.1 Port Orchard 3 1.7 0.54 Poulsbo 0 0 0 Port Madison Suquamish Reservation 4 2.2 0.7 Port Gamble S’Klallam Reservation 2 1.1 0.35 Totals 179 100% 32 Table 20: Kitsap County LIDAR Defined Landslides (2018). Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 90 habitats while, soil losses detrimental to upland ones. 96, 97 The Landslide Figure 23: Kitsap County Erosion Hazard Map Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 91 Hazard map 23 and 24 show detailed information on deep and shallow landslides, as well as limited areas of more intense rural development, waterbodies, and watercourses of Kitsap County. Figure 23 is an Erosion Hazard map moderate to severe land and coastal erosion. Sediment transport through changes in rainfall, snowpack, and streamflow. Climate change is also increasing the probability of wildland fires, which, in turn, contribute to increases in the likelihood of landslides. Figure 24: Kitsap County Landslide Hazard Map Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 92 Climate Change Impacts In the coastal zone, the effects of sea-level rise, erosion, inundation, threats to infrastructure and habitat, and increasing ocean acidity collectively pose a significant threat to the region2.. Climate change predicts that the region will see increased rainfall and flooding which increases the likelihood of landslides in the region. The Puget Sound region is expected to experience increases in the frequency of landslides and the rate of erosion and sediment transport in winter and spring, primarily as a result of continued declines in snowpack and projected increases in the frequency and intensity of heavy rain events.2, 11, 17 In summer, these processes are expected to become less important in the future, due to diminishing streamflow and drier soils. Both natural climate variability and human modification to the landscape have a strong effect on landslide and sediment processes and will continue to influence these processes in the future. While a lack of direct observations makes it challenging to make robust projections, communities in the Puget Sound region are preparing for changing landslide and sediment risk through targeted regulations, climate-informed design, and floodplain infrastructure aimed at mitigating anticipated impacts.2 Observations show a clear warming trend, and all scenarios project continued warming during this century. Most scenarios project that this warming will be outside of the range of historical variations by mid-century. Increasing air temperatures can facilitate soil breakdown, allow more water to penetrate soils, reduce snow accumulation, and increase the risk of wildfire and other threats to forest health, all of which can affect the rates of erosion and sediment transport and the likelihood of landslides. 2, 5 Heavy rain events are projected to become more intense. Current research is consistent in projecting an increase in the frequency and intensity of heavy rain events.2 These changes could result in greater erosion, higher sediment transport in rivers and streams, and a higher likelihood of landslides, primarily as a result of higher soil water content. 2 Most models are consistent in projecting a substantial decline in summer precipitation. Projected changes in other seasons and for annual precipitation are not consistent among models, and trends are generally much smaller than natural year-to-year variability. Declining precipitation in summer could result in decreased erosion, a reduced rate of sediment transport, and a lower probability of landslides.2 Higher seas could limit the transport of sediment from rivers to Puget Sound and increase the rate of erosion in some coastal areas. 2, 11, 17 Although climate is a major driver of erosion, sediment transport, and landslide hazards, there are other factors that can have an important effect on these processes. In particular, changes in land use and land cover – both due to development and forest management – can dramatically affect the likelihood of a landslide, the exposure of sediments to erosion, and the rate of streamflow and sediment transport. 2, 11, 17 B1- e. Does the plan describe the effects of future conditions, including climate change on the type, location, and range of anticipated intensities of identified Hazards? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 93 Vulnerability Summary 1. Landslide/erosion vulnerability and effect on Kitsap is considered "moderate,” (>75%) meaning there is moderate potential for a disaster of less than major proportions during the next 25 years. 2. More than 50% of the county critical infrastructure facilities are located in areas exposed to landslides. (This does not include indirect impacts that may be caused by damaged road segments.) There are residential areas that could be affected by these slide areas, as well as roads and other utility infrastructure9, 10, 11, 42, 47. 3. The Puget Sound basin has the greatest vulnerability because of increased population density and development on and below bluffs and slopes. The county has several landslide hazard areas ranging from low to very high hazard rating. Areas with the largest landslide risk are generally at some distance from development, although an event would likely impact roads and lifelines. 4. The State of Washington rates landslide losses second to flood losses for Washington state. 5. The most significant effects of landslides are injury or death, disruption of transportation, and the destruction of property.96, 97 6. Kitsap County continues to be impacted by landslides and erosion issues with each new winter storm. Soil erosion continues to occur, especially at steep slopes and construction sites during wind and rainstorms. 7. Landslides mobilize soil and often stress rehabilitative regeneration processes within denuded areas. This soil loss is often permanent. Also, landslide debris can block watercourses, damming flows resulting in flooding and extreme surges when these blockages fail. These impacts often result in long-term changes. These changes can be beneficial to fluvial habitats while, as a result of soil losses, detrimental to upland ones. 8. In conjunction with the Growth Management Act (RCW 36.70A), Kitsap County and its local jurisdictions have identified landslide hazard areas and require geotechnical investigation and preventative improvements before development can take place on top of or below slopes subject to sliding through the various Critical Areas Ordinances passed within each city. Kitsap County and the participating jurisdictions will be looking for grant funding to conduct this geotechnical investigative work along with developing preventive improvements in the region. 9. Despite the difficulty in predicting landslides, recent research conduct by USGS in Kitsap County has been instrumental in mapping landslide areas. Using LIDAR provides essential information about Kitsap County landmass and geological history11. Conclusions The most significant effects of landslides are injury or death, disruption of transportation, and the destruction of property. Future studies and effective land use management will help to mitigate landslide-prone areas and minimize the effect on the public and infrastructure. Kitsap County has identified slide hazard areas and required geotechnical investigation and preventative improvements before development can take place on top of or below slopes subject Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 94 to sliding through the: 1. Kitsap County Critical Areas Ordinance, December 201732, 2. City of Bainbridge Island Critical Area Ordinance, January 201970 3. City of Poulsbo Chapter 16.20 Critical Area Ordinances, July 200755 4. Port Orchard Critical Ordinance, December 200956 5. Port Orchard Municipal Code, June 11, 2019 6. City of Bremerton Critical Lands Ordinance, June 201657 However, the County and partner city jurisdictions need to conduct more public education concerning the construction of single-family structures in slide hazard areas and to reduce efforts to develop these areas. These public education programs will be areas for future grant funding efforts. Human-caused erosion at building sites must be controlled through good engineering and construction practices, i.e., the removal of trees from slopes in or near residential areas. Farming must conform to established erosion control practices to conserve topsoil. All of these strategies are areas where Kitsap County and the partnering City Jurisdictions will be looking for future grant funding opportunities. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 95 Mitigation Strategies Landslide & Erosion Mitigation Strategy 1 Given the transition of the state LIDAR program from Kitsap County to the Department of Natural Resources: the county will be working to coordinate with State agencies to identify new funding streams and technical assistance to support local planning and LIDAR maintenance efforts. Goal - Reduce the hazard to life, property and infrastructure. Lead Department of Community Development with support from KCDEM Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 3 years Implementation Cost Estimated $1,000-$5,000 Potential Funding Source Local, State Status Ongoing, resources from the WA DNR were utilized for this review and edit, however, new data and modeling is needed due to the increase in development within Kitsap County. Landslide & Erosion Mitigation Strategy 2 Utilize Public Access Television to educate on the causes of erosion and how to mitigate further erosion. Goal - Reduce the hazard to life, property and infrastructure. Lead The lead agency would be Community Development in coordination with Public Works. Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time Ongoing/1-5 years Implementation Cost No initial cost. Potential Funding Source Covered by an agreement for public education through Bremerton Kitsap Access Television (BKAT), Public Education and Government (PEG) Access television station airing programming on Comcast Channel 12 and WAVE Broadband channel 3. Status Ongoing will continue through the 2025 – 2029 MHMP at a minimum. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 96 Tsunami Mitigation Strategies Lead Agencies Support Agencies Kitsap County Emergency Management Council Washington State Division of Emergency Management Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Area Chambers of Commerce City/County Public Works Departments City/County GIS Departments Washington State Department of Transportation Hazard Overview A tsunami consists of a series of high-energy waves that radiate outward like ripples from the area in which the generating incident occurred96, 97. These waves can travel 500 miles per hour in the open ocean96, 97. As they approach the coast, their speed decreases, and their amplitude increases, potentially reaching heights of over 100 feet96, 97. All tsunamis are potentially dangerous, even though they may not damage every coastline they strike. Damaging tsunamis are very rare. Typically, they are triggered by earthquakes, volcanic activity, and submarine landslides or, in the case of Puget Sound, most often by local landslides from surrounding bluffs. Unlike regular ocean waves, which are generated by wind or tides, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water96, 97. Seiches are a series of standing waves in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water. Seiches are normally caused by an earthquake and can affect harbors, bays, lakes, rivers, and canals96, 97. Seiches are created when strong winds and rapid changes in atmospheric pressure push water from one end of a body of water to the other. When the wind stops, the water rebounds to the other side of the enclosed area. The water then continues to oscillate back and forth for hours or even days. Similarly, earthquakes, tsunamis, or severe storm fronts may also cause seiches along ocean shelves and ocean harbors. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 97 Location Kitsap County’s coastlines are vulnerable, but tsunamis are infrequent. Areas at highest risk are generally 25 feet from sea level, and above to 25 feet, and within one mile of the shoreline. Most deaths are caused by drowning. Associated risks include flooding, contamination of drinking water, and fire from ruptured tanks and gas lines. Earthquakes or landslides can also cause inland tsunamis. Landmasses falling into the water can create a wave that would affect low-lying areas such as Dyes Inlet and Sinclair Inlet. Waves created by inland tsunamis can cause damage to ports, marinas and other structures or businesses on the waterfront. Figures 25 and 26 show projected maximum inundation depths and potential inundation zones. Figure 25: Maximum Inundation Depths for the Tsunami Generated by the Seattle Fault Scenario. B1- b. Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 98 Effects Much of Kitsap County is surrounded by water, from the Puget Sound to the Hood Canal. With so much shoreline in the county, a tsunami, high waves, or a seiche would have a devastating effect on Kitsap County residents. Flooding would occur, property damage would be sustained, and residents would be displaced. Aside from the tremendous hydraulic force of the tsunami waves themselves, floating debris carried by a tsunami can endanger human lives and batter inland structures. Ships moored at piers and in harbors often are swamped and sunk or are left battered and stranded high on the shore. Breakwaters and piers collapse, sometimes because of scouring actions that sweep away their foundation material and sometimes because of the sheer impact of the waves. Port facilities, naval facilities, ferry terminals, fishing fleets, and public utilities are frequently the backbone of the economy of the affected areas, and these are the very resources that generally receive the most severe damage. Until debris can be cleared, wharves and piers rebuilt, utilities restored, and the fishing fleets reconstituted, communities may find themselves without fuel, food, transportation, and employment. Wherever water transport is a vital means of supply, disruption of coastal systems caused by tsunamis can have far-reaching economic effects. Seiches create a “sloshing” effect on bodies of water and liquids in containers. This primary effect can cause damage to moored boats, piers, and facilities close to the water. Secondary problems, including landslides and floods, are related to accelerated water movements and elevated water levels. Figure 26: Potential Tsunami Inundation Zone for Bremerton and Port Orchard (Kitsap County GIS (2022) Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 99 Extent Simulated wave heights of 13-17 feet indicate that tsunamis are not only a threat to the infrastructure in Gorst but also the naval base at Bremerton37, 47, 49, 52. Even an order-of- magnitude smaller Tacoma fault-generated tsunami would generate strong currents in the narrow straits and harbors near Gorst37, 47, 49, 52. Further tsunami simulations in the Puget Lowland, including different fault scenarios, would help determine the degree of hazard posed by locally generated tsunamis. A tsunami can significantly affect the Cities of Bremerton and Port Orchard as well as the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. Table 22 identifies and breaks down the structures in the hazard area37, 47, 49, 52. Table 22: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Tsunami. Table 23 describes the four main types of tsunami risk in Washington and their areas of greatest risk. Each type affects different parts of the State. Emergency planners and hazard geologists are working hard to learn more about these risks. The Seattle Fault presents the biggest know tsunami threat to Kitsap County.96, 97 Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Tsunami73 Jurisdiction Total Building Stock Building Stock in Hazard Area % Building Stock in Hazard Area Jurisdiction Total Critical Facilities Total Critical Facilities in Hazard Area % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area Jurisdiction Unincorporated Kitsap County 87,985 3826 4.3 249 12 4.8 Bainbridge Island 12,639 1238 9.7 83 5 6.0 Bremerton 13,683 739 5.4 64 4 6.2 Port Orchard 6,708 194 2.9 39 2 5.1 Poulsbo 3,516 115 3.3 66 3 4.5 Port Madison Suquamish Reservation 4,579 265 5.9 7 1 1.4 Port Gamble S’Klallam Reservation 270 4 1.5 5 0 0 Totals (Kitsap) 129,380 6377 4.9% 513 27 5.2 B1- c. Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 100 Washington has three major earthquake sources that have the potential to cause tsunamis: subduction zone earthquakes, deep (Benioff Zone) earthquakes, and shallow crustal fault earthquakes96, 97. Deep (Benioff zone) earthquakes do not produce tsunamis. However, they may trigger landslides that could generate tsunamis.5 Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes75 The Cascadia subduction zone off the coast of Washington, British Columbia, Oregon, and northern California is the biggest tsunami hazard for Washington State. subduction zone earthquakes are capable of generating some of the largest and most damaging earthquakes in the world, the Cascadia Subduction Zone off our coast is one of these faults. These earthquakes also cause very large and damaging tsunamis. The following series of diagrams show how tsunamis are created along the Cascadia subduction zone. 5, 21 Areas uplifted offshore will create a tsunami wave that will inundate coastal areas that have already subsided from the earthquake as seen in the graphic to the right (Zones of uplift and Table 23: Types of Tsunami Risk (WADNR). Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 101 subsidence during a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. Image modified from a diagram by Carrie Garrison-Laney (WA SeaGrant). Crustal Faults Other faults in Washington, such as the Seattle Fault, can also move the ocean floor and cause tsunamis. The Seattle Fault is known to have had an earthquake event that directly produced a tsunami, and other crustal faults (Tacoma Fault and Darrington-Devils Mountain fault zone, for example) could produce tsunamis (Williams and others, 2000). Additionally, there are numerous landslide-generated tsunami deposits that were triggered by local earthquakes found throughout Puget Sound. For this reason, we consider all active crustal faults that are near to Puget Sound to be a possible direct or indirect source of future tsunamis. Models for tsunami inundation in parts of the Puget Sound exist for the Seattle and Tacoma faults and can be found on the Geologic Information Portal. Distant Events Tsunamis generated from earthquakes at other subduction zones and faults around the Pacific Ocean have the potential to impact our shores. Of the numerous historical events that have occurred, only the 1964 Alaska earthquake-generated tsunami has caused damage to the Washington coast. Most tsunami alert messages received for Washington are related to earthquakes in Alaska. History It is believed that the magnitude 7.0 earthquake that occurred on the Seattle fault 1,100 years ago caused a tsunami. Recent studies suggest historical evidence of a 13-17-foot tsunami hitting the Gorst area of Sinclair Inlet. The tsunami may have been an outcome of a Seattle fault earthquake or possibly other incidents cataclysmic enough to cause an 18-foot tidal wave in the Puget Sound.76 The study reiterates the threat of multiple hazards associated with earthquakes in the Puget Lowland, of which tsunamis are prominent in the case of Sinclair Inlet. 94 96, 97 An earthquake-induced landslide in 1949 at Salmon Beach in the Tacoma Narrows generated a 6-8-foot tsunami that hit Gig Harbor94 96, 97. It moved both directions within the Narrows probably reaching portions of south Kitsap County. East Passage and Colvos Passage form a direct connection from the area where the Seattle Fault crosses Puget Sound and Kitsap County. Because of this, it is highly likely that any tsunami generated by the large earthquake on that fault approximately 1100 years ago propagated south to at least some portions of the county.77 The following figure is a graphic depiction of the history of tsunamis in Washington by the Washington Department of Natural Resources21. Figure 27: Cascadia Subduction Zone. B1- d. Does the plan include the history of previous events for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 102 Probability of Future Events Tsunamis generated elsewhere on the Pacific Rim are the ones that strike Washington most often, although effects on Kitsap County are lessened due to the location of the County’s shoreline in the Puget Sound. The Seattle Fault presents the biggest know tsunami threat to Kitsap County. Impacts would be diminished due to not being located directly on the Pacific Coast. It is therefore difficult to estimate the future probability of tsunamis. It is estimated that an earthquake (M8 or M9) in the Washington portion of the Cascadia Subduction Zone would likely produce a significant tsunami with major damaging and life-threatening impacts along the coastal shoreline communities. According to the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, there is a 10-20% chance of a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake in the next 50 years.16 During an earthquake Before an earthquake After an earthquake Figure 28: earthquake modeling Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 103 The Seattle fault is active and capable of generating a large earthquake with a magnitude greater than 7.0. A 2005 study by Koshimura and Mofjeld modeled the potential effects of a tsunami caused by a 7.0 magnitude earthquake at major ports and harbors in Puget Sound as well as at several communities in Kitsap County, such as Bremerton and Port Orchard. The model indicated that at Bremerton and Port Orchard, the local seismic uplift would generate a 1.5m tsunami at the moment of the earthquake, with inundation occurring primarily along the southern shore of Sinclair Inlet and the northern and southern shore of Dyes Inlet. The estimated flow depths range between two meters at the shore of Port Orchard, 4m at the northern shore of Dyes Inlet, and two meters at the southern shore of Dyes Inlet. The results of this model are shown in the following figure. A tsunami in these developed areas would affect homes, schools, businesses, ports, harbors, shipyards, marinas, transportation infrastructure, utilities, and coastal ecosystems. Great earthquakes in the North Pacific or along the Pacific coast of South America historically generate tsunamis that sweep through the entire Pacific basin occur at a rate of about six every 100 years.79 Local earthquakes and landslides that generate tsunamis occur more frequently, although scientists have not calculated a specific rate of occurrence. The communities within the county that are potentially at risk are Bainbridge Island, Navy Yard City, Silverdale, Bremerton, Parkwood, Suquamish, Erlands Point, Port Orchard, Tracyton, Manchester, and Poulsbo. A tsunami cannot be precisely predicted, even if the magnitude and location of an earthquake are known. Geologists, oceanographers, and seismologists analyze each earthquake and, based on many factors, may issue a tsunami warning. However, there are some warning signs of an impending tsunami, and automated systems can provide warnings immediately after an earthquake in time to save lives. One of the most successful systems uses bottom pressure sensors, attached to buoys, which constantly monitor the pressure of the overlying water column. Figure 29: Tsunamis in Washington. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 104 Climate Change Impacts In the coastal zone, the effects of sea-level rise, erosion, inundation, threats to infrastructure and habitat, and increasing ocean acidity collectively pose a significant threat to the region2. With diverse landforms (e.g., beaches, rocky shorelines, estuaries), the Northwest coast may experience a wide range of climate impacts. Global sea levels have risen about 8 inches since 1900, with about 3 of those inches (about 7 cm) occurring since 1993. Much of the Pacific Northwest coastline is rising due to tectonic uplift, which raises the land surface. A major earthquake along the Cascadia subduction zone would immediately reverse centuries of uplift and potentially increase relative sea level by a meter or more.80 Changes to sea level have an inherent impact on the potential reach of a tsunami. Vulnerability Summary Tsunami vulnerability and effect on Kitsap County is considered “moderate,” (>60%) meaning there is a moderate potential for a disaster of less than major proportions during the next 25 years. Kitsap County’s tsunami risk assessment is based on the facts that the damages to the built environment, economy and people would be moderate to high, and the probability of a tsunami is relatively low, however there are indicators that Kitsap County and the partnering city jurisdictions will see tsunami impacts from any large subduction zone activity. The tsunami threat to the County comes from local earthquakes, rather than distant ones. The 2018 Washington State Hazard Mitigation Plan rates tsunami risk in Kitsap County as “low,” but the plan’s tsunami risk analysis is limited to the coastal shoreline counties in Washington State. It also does not address distant tsunami impacts or incidents caused by crustal shallow zone earthquakes.81 Kitsap County is vulnerable to tsunamis, high waves, and seiches due to its vulnerability to storms and earthquakes. Among the most susceptible elements of the community are the marine enterprises, public port facilities, defense establishments and the hundreds of private residences lining the shorelines of Sinclair and Dyes Inlets; these entities either need or prefer a shore location. Located on filled ground, over water, or at the foot of steep shoreline bluffs, the structures housing employees, customers, military personnel, visitors, or residents are in harm’s way for tsunami inundation and strong currents, landslides, and soil failure during and after strong ground shaking. Vulnerability issues include loss of life, debris, natural resources damage, transportation infrastructure, utilities, and shoreline development. Earthquakes will occur and most likely will cause a tsunami. Earthquakes and other underwater disturbances could occur and cause general or localized damage from a tsunami or a seiche. Damage from a tsunami or a seiche may range from insignificant to catastrophic. In the past few years, Kitsap County GIS has developed maps and data on the potential for a worst-case tsunami scenario defined as a 25-foot wave height hitting anywhere along the coastline of Kitsap County. In the future, updates to this HIVA will continue to revise the shoreline analysis and evaluate tsunamis based on more credible data. B1- e. Does the plan describe the effects of future conditions, including climate change on the type, location, and range of anticipated intensities of identified Hazards? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 105 Conclusions Within Kitsap County earthquakes will occur and will most likely cause a tsunami. Earthquakes and other underwater disturbances could occur and cause general or localized damage from a tsunami or a seiche. Damage from a tsunami or a seiche may range from insignificant to catastrophic. This hazard mitigation plan identified through collaboration with the partner cities details many of the most vulnerable structures within Kitsap County, these structures were chosen due to either their, location close to Tsunami susceptible areas, or their elevation (<100ft) above the water line in a tsunami possible area or a combination of these. While the structures listed are considered the most vulnerable many structures within Kitsap County are at risk from tsunamis depending on the severity, height of the waves, and length of the tsunami activity. Kitsap County and the participating City Jurisdictions will continue to pursue grant funding to provide and complete the mitigations strategies that are provided in this plan along with any new or revised mitigation strategies developed. Education of the affected populations, proper zoning, and suitable structural design can aid in reducing the disastrous effect of this natural hazard. If the warning is received early enough (2 to 5 hours), which is possible for tsunamis generated at a distance, hasty preventive action can be taken: people can be evacuated, ships can clear harbors or seek safer anchorage, and buildings can be closed, shuttered, and sandbagged. For tsunamis generated by local earthquake or landslide events, however, the time from initiation of a tsunami to its arrival at the shore can be less than a minute. Residents in areas susceptible to tsunamis should be made aware of the need to seek high ground if they feel strong ground shaking. Tsunamis or seiches that occur in Kitsap County have the potential to cause property damage and casualties. Public education on tsunamis and seiches is normally included in disaster preparedness classes as a subset of earthquake damage. Although much work has been done on disaster preparedness for the public, local governments, emergency planners and the citizenry need to recognize the dangers and effects of tsunamis and seiches as a component of the earthquake hazard. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 106 Mitigation Strategies Tsunami Mitigation Strategy 1 Training: Design and schedule a series of workshops to train local waterfront facilities and businesses in the development of appropriate evacuation plans. Goal – Reduce the hazard to life, property and infrastructure • Workshops should serve to educate local waterfront facilities and businesses to the nature of the tsunami threat, inform them of all available options for evacuation, and train them in assessing their particular facility. This project will require a minimum of 3 workshops: (1) Tsunami Preparedness and Mitigation for Waterfront Businesses, (2) Facility Assessment Training, and (3) Evacuation Planning for Waterfront Businesses. • This strategy should be approached in a manner consistent with the Education & Outreach Plan Washington State EMD and its Inner Coastal Tsunami Workgroup, proposed by Washington Sea Grant for the Reducing Earthquake Tsunami Hazards in Pacific Northwest Ports & Harbors project. Lead The lead agency for this strategy should be the Department of Emergency Management with additional support required from Inner Coastal Tsunami Workgroup. Additionally, involvement by the Local Chambers of Commerce and local business owners, especially those within low lying or tsunami hazard zones as noted, will be requested. Additional resources may be available through the Washington Sea Grant Program Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 1 to 2 years Implementation Cost Minimal costs will be associated with the man-hours needed to design and plan for the workshops. Additionally, costs may be incurred in securing appropriate venues for holding the workshops and/or materials provided. Total costs should not exceed $5000. Potential Funding Source Local, and pursuing any grand funding related to tsunamis. Status This is an ongoing project, and is included in every presentation done by Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Tsunami Mitigation Strategy 2 Public Outreach and Education: Provide public outreach and education regarding the potential impact of tsunamis and high waves on Kitsap County using maps and information from historical and simulated events. Goal - Reduce the hazard to life and property. Lead KCDEM Outreach and Education Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time Ongoing Implementation Cost No immediate cost Potential Funding Source Loca and pursuing any grand funding related to tsunamis. Status In progress. Continued through the period of this plan. This is an ongoing initiative. During this plan period this strategy may be combined with Tsunami Mitigation Strategy #2. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 107 Tsunami Mitigation Strategy 3 Education & Outreach: Develop informational brochures to be placed at waterfront businesses (e.g., ferry terminals, marinas, hotels) to educate and inform visitors and tourists. Brochures should focus on being non-threatening and informative in nature. Goal - Reduce the hazard to life and property. • Washington State Emergency Management Division currently offers an informational tsunami brochure (free of cost) to the public. • Recommend working with State EMD to tailor existing brochure to local needs. Lead The lead agency should be KCDEM in coordination with the Washington State Emergency Management Division, Local Chambers of Commerce and Emergency Management Council. Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 1 to 2 years Implementation Cost The estimated cost per brochure is $1.50. A total of 1500 brochures will be needed. Total cost: $3000. Potential Funding Source Local, and pursuing any grand funding related to tsunamis. Status Ongoing, Delayed due to the global pandemic. This strategy will be implemented with WA State partnership in the next biennium. Tsunami Mitigation Strategy 4 Debris/Hazardous Materials: Conduct a tabletop exercise to simulate a large-scale debris removal effort associated with a significant earthquake-tsunami event to assess the current state of readiness to respond to such a need. Goal – Build Capacity and Resilience • This exercise should consider the involvement of individuals outside of the local jurisdictions for the purposes of mutual aid and resource allocation discussions. • Exercise should have a strong focus on the presence of hazardous materials on both land and water and test the effects this would have on debris removal. • The exercise will be based on the 2019 Debris Management Plan and utilized to validate the plan. Lead Public Works, Public Health, and KCDEM Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 1 to 2 years Implementation Cost In kind Potential Funding Source In Kind, Local, and pursuing any grand funding related to tsunamis. Status To be completed. This is being planned for a 2026 Tabletop exercise. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 108 Tsunami Mitigation Strategy 5 Public warning and education regarding tsunami hazards. Goal - Reduce the hazard to life and property. Goal – Increase Community Resilience • Warning times for tsunami within Puget Sound are significantly less (30 seconds – 5 minutes) than warnings for the outer coast. Lead KCDEM Outreach and Education Support agency WA DNR. Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 1 year Implementation Cost Total cost: $5,000 Potential Funding Source Local, Stat, and pursuing any grand funding related to tsunamis. Status In progress, Ongoing. The strategy is the focus on education to the public with both State and County education materials adapted to Kitsap County and its risk from Tsunami. Key messaging is: “The Shaking is the Warning.” Tsunami Mitigation Strategy 6 Develop a plan to address resiliency and redundancy, including identifying gaps in the transportation network. • Goals: Capacity and Resiliency • Add SR 16/3 Lead Washington Department of Transportation and KCDEM Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority Moderate Implementation Time By 2024 Implementation Cost Estimated up to $100,000 Potential Funding Source Local, state, Federal, and pursuing any grand funding related to tsunamis. Status To be completed. Ongoing as funding becomes available, continued review of projects and feasibility to funding. Tsunami Mitigation Strategy 7 Mitigate for Agate Passage Bridge closure: utilize maritime alternatives to move passengers and freight. • Goal: Exercise maritime alternatives • Last done in 2008 • Can be completed as an exercise • Bainbridge Island Prepares, Bainbridge Flotilla, Kitsap Marine Unit. Lead Washington Department of Transportation and KCDEM, Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority Moderate Implementation Time 1 to 5 years Implementation Cost Estimated $50,000 Potential Funding Source Local, state, Federal, and pursuing any grand funding related to tsunamis Status Ongoing, work on the newly developed Kitsap Marine Unit with an exercise involving BP, BIF, and KCMU in 2027. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 109 Wildfire & Urban Fire Mitigation Strategies Lead Agencies Support Agencies Kitsap County Fire Marshall Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Kitsap County Fire Agencies Special Fire Districts Hazard Overview Wildfires and urban fires are unplanned fires that burn in a natural area such as a forest, grassland, or prairie, or in an urban setting such as a town or city63. They can be caused by humans, lightning, machinery, and utilities. Fires can disrupt transportation, gas, power, and communications, and the risk increases during periods of little rain and high winds63. Location With much of the county in various stages of forestation, nearly all areas are vulnerable to fire. Human- caused fires in both urban and wild environments can happen during all times of the year62, 63. More prevalent use of synthetic building and furniture materials can also significantly accelerate fires once ignited. Figure 30 below shows the historic locations of wildfires within Kitsap County63. Effects Many individual homes and developments border forestland. Drought conditions often increase the fire danger in early fall. Urban forest fires can be caused by a number of different scenarios, but are most likely to be started by campfires, along highways from sparking sources or careless drivers, or electrical fires from high wind events. Most recent fires in Kitsap County were human-caused and extinguished before major damage occurred62, 63. Forest fires may result in the loss of timber resources, wildlife habitats, watersheds, and recreational areas, as well as increased vulnerability to flooding and landslides. It would take a significant fire to cause severe effects on Kitsap County, but an urban fire affecting an economic corridor could also be detrimental. In Kitsap County, approximately $4.2 million worth of general building stock lies in areas with moderate or higher wildfire exposure.94, 95 B1- b. Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 110 Extent Historically, wildland fire burns approximately 23,000 acres of State-owned or protected land annually. The cost of wildland fire on these lands is more than $28 million annually in firefighting and damage to tinder, habitat, property, soil mobilization, landslides, and flooding. Between 1960 and 2017, the state experienced 170 wildfire incidents.63, 94, 95 History It is difficult to trace the fire history of this area back more than 350 years. However, old -growth trees and fire scars suggest fires about 450, 480, 540, and 670 years ago. Fire is a normal part Figure 30: Historical Wildfire locations and Wildland Urban Interface. B1- c. Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? B1- d. Does the plan include the history of previous events for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 111 of most forest and range ecosystems, so fires historically burned on a fairly regular cycle. The latest forest fires to occur took place in Kitsap and Mason Counties in 201394, 95. These fires were contained but required the response of State Fire Mobilization to help in this effort. As of 2019, there have been no more recent forest/urban fires that have required State Fire Mobilization94, 63. The burning cycle in western Washington appears to have occurred about every 100-150 years. Logging of old-growth trees, old trees felled by major windstorms, and more recent fires in the area have erased or compromised evidence of historic forest fires in Kitsap County, making it difficult to determine if the historic burning cycle remains true today63. However, recorded information indicates Kitsap County has had an active history of fire. As communities expand farther into forested lands, and there is a desire to maintain the wilderness ambiance, urban interface fires are becoming a significant hazard. Urban interface fires create the potential for loss of life and destruction of property. Probability of Future Events Wildfires and urban interface fires are possible and will occur in Kitsap County. Sources of ignition include lightning, arson, recreational activities, debris burning by individuals or logging companies, and carelessness with fireworks. Human negligence causes about 84% of forest fires,63 such as failing to extinguish smoking materials or campfires properly. Washington State’s fire season usually runs from July through October,53, 63 although large fires can occur during the winter. The probability of an interface fire in any one locality on a particular day depends on any of the following activities and events: fuel conditions, topography, time of year, past and present weather conditions, construction, and human activities (e.g., debris burning, land clearing, camping). Any prolonged period of lack of precipitation presents a potentially dangerous impact. Prolonged periods of strong winds can also create dry conditions. There are 53,679 properties in Kitsap County that have some risk of being affected by wildfire over the next 30 years. This represents 45% of all properties in Kitsap County 53, 101 In addition to damaging properties, wildfire can also cut off access to utilities, emergency services, impact evacuation routes, and may impact the overall economic well-being of an area. Overall, Kitsap County has a moderate risk of wildfire over the next 30 years. This is based on the level of risk the properties face rather than the proportion of properties with risk according to the US Forest Service (USFS) data and modeling. Figure 31 identifies the areas within Kitsap Couty at highest fire risk. According to the most current USFS Landfire data (2021) 38 percent of residential homes, 21 percent of commercial properties, and 38 percent of the infrastructure are at least a moderate risk for WUI fire. This risk hazard is expected to grow substantially over the next 30 years at which time it is expected that over 85 percent of the residential properties will be at moderate or higher risk from WUI fires 101, 102, 103. B1- e. Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 112 Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Fire in Kitsap County (2012)101 Jurisdiction Total Population Population in Hazard Area % Population Affected by Hazard Unincorporated Kitsap County 183,500 183,500 100 Bainbridge Island 25,180 25,180 100 Bremerton 44,640 44,640 100 Port Orchard 17,480 17,480 100 Poulsbo 12,400 12,400 100 Port Madison Suquamish Reservation 5600 5600 100 Port Gamble S’Klallam Reservation 1200 1200 100 Totals 290,000 290,000 100% Table 24: Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Fire in Kitsap County (2024). Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Fire10, 101 Figure 31: Kitsap County Fire Risk. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 113 Jurisdiction Total Building Stock Building Stock in Hazard Area % Building Stock in Hazard Area Jurisdiction Total Critical Facilities Total Critical Facilities in Hazard Area % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area Jurisdiction Unincorporated Kitsap County 87,985 87,985 100 249 249 100 Bainbridge Island 12,639 12,639 100 83 83 100 Bremerton 13,683 13,683 100 64 64 100 Port Orchard 6,708 6,708 100 39 39 100 Poulsbo 3,516 3,516 100 66 66 100 Port Madison Suquamish Reservation 4,579 4,579 100 7 7 100 Port Gamble S’Klallam Reservation 270 270 100 5 5 100 Totals (Kitsap) 129,380 129,380 100% 513 513 100% Table 25: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Fire. Climate Change Impacts Climate change, coupled with the current high fuel and vegetation status of the forest, suggests that high-intensity fires will continue to degrade the landscape2. Winters are becoming shorter and wetter with less snow, while summers are becoming drier and more protracted. This process is resulting in the generation of flash fuels (highly combustible fine fuels such as grass, leaves, draped pine needles, fern, tree moss and some kinds of slash, which ignite readily and are consumed rapidly when dry2), and uncharacteristically denser forests and are stressing normal regenerative processes and increasing wildfire risk. The ecosystem in Kitsap County thrives from its rainfall each year. Kitsap County water supply is based on large aquifers that are replenished each year with rain. Rain fills many creeks and rivers in Kitsap. Less rain and drier conditions may produce an increase in forest fires and potentially residential communities as well. The combined impacts of increasing wildfire, insect outbreaks, and tree diseases are already causing widespread tree die-off and long-term transformation of forest landscapes. More effort in managing forested areas including ground thinning of potential fuel sources will help to mitigate forest fires, as well as reducing the thinning of forest canopies and surfaces. Vulnerability Summary 1. Forest and urban fire vulnerability and effect on Kitsap are considered "moderate," (>40%) meaning there is moderate potential for a disaster of less than major proportions during the next 25 years. B1- e. Does the plan describe the effects of future conditions, including climate change on the type, location, and range of anticipated intensities of identified Hazards? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 114 2. This hazard mitigation plan identified through collaboration with the partner cities details many of the most vulnerable structures within Kitsap County, these structures were chosen due to either their construction materials, location close to large urban wildfire interface susceptible areas or a combination of these. While the structures listed are considered the most vulnerable any and all structures within Kitsap County are at risk from Urban wildfires. 3. Kitsap County's forests will remain vulnerable to forest and wildland fires. The probability of forest and wildland fires will continually change depending on variables such as drought effects, lightning strikes, careless campers, etc. 4. The existence of large, forested areas, increasing population and recreational activities, and the uncertain impact of a changing climate combine to suggest a moderate probability of occurrence. The destruction of large tracts of forest land would have an immediate economic impact to the community through lost jobs, reduced taxes, and increased public support while collateral economic and social effects could impact the county for years, suggesting moderate vulnerability. Conclusions The following steps should be accomplished to preclude major loss of life and reduce the actual number of fires and hazard areas: 1. Since most forest and wildland fires are started by humans, fire prevention education and enforcement programs can significantly reduce the total number of forest fires. 2. Urban wildfires can be extremely hazardous if not contained, causing loss of life and property. Increasing public education on wildland fires and improving agency response will help to minimize the spread of fires. 3. An effective early fire detection program and emergency communications system are essential. The importance of immediately reporting any forest fire must be impressed upon local residents and people utilizing the forest areas. 4. An effective warning system is essential to notify local inhabitants and visitors in the area of the fire. An evacuation plan detailing primary and alternative escape routes is also essential. 5. Fire-safe development planning by County and City government planners is essential. 6. Encourage citizens to incorporate defensible space planning when landscaping their property. 7. Road criteria should ensure adequate escape routes for new sections of development in forest areas with both ingress and egress planned. 8. Road closures should be increased during peak fire periods to reduce access to fire-prone areas. Mitigation Strategies Kitsap County is implementing a multi-pronged approach for wildfire and urban interfaced fire mitigation. The first mitigation strategy is related to evacuation in response to an urban wildfire, Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 115 the second mitigation strategy is aimed at reducing the chance of large scale urban interfaced fire. The second mitigation strategy will encourage citizens to incorporate and enhance their defendable space around buildings. The Department of Natural Resources also has programs in Kitsap County targeted at reducing the chance of large scale urban interfaced fires like the program the City of Bainbridge Island initiated where the fire department through grant funding evaluates communities and provides Fire Wise USA © recommendations on undergrowth cleanup and then once citizens have completed the cleanup the fire department contracts equipment to remove the brush piles thus reducing fire risk and increasing defendable areas. The Kitsap Conservation District a partnership between County, Nonprofit and educational institutions providing guidance through their website and community outreach events related to defending property from urban interfaced wildfire. Kitsap County will continue to add mitigation strategies during the annual review process as guided by the Fire Districts and Community groups and grant funding. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 116 Wildfire & Urban Fires Mitigation Strategy 1 In coordination with local stakeholders and Fire Districts, review the current wildfire evacuation plan and perform a tabletop exercise to identify potential gaps in cooperation, coordination and cohesiveness with the State fire service mobilization plan as noted in RCW 43.43.961. Goal - Reduce the hazard to life and property. Goal – Increase Community Resilience • Incorporate the Ready, Set, Go notification protocol in the Community Warning Systems Program. • Review and revise the Wildfire Evacuation Plan to reflect lessons learned and close knowledge gaps. Lead City of Bainbridge Island, North Kitsap Fire and Rescue, Poulsbo Fire Department, Bremerton Fire Department, Central Kitsap Fire and Rescue, and South Kitsap Fire and Rescue with support of KCDEM Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 2 years Implementation Cost $2,000 Potential Funding Source Local, State Status Ongoing, initial implementation has begun, needs to be incorporated into larger efforts county wide. Wildfire & Urban Fires Mitigation Strategy 2 In coordination with local stakeholders and Fire Districts, develop a plan and funding to establish an assist citizens incorporate, and enhance the defendable space around buildings. Goal - Reduce the hazard to life and property. Goal – Increase Community Resilience • Develop educational materials and provide outreach regarding defendable space around buildings. • Develop a procedure by which citizens can request and receive support enhancing the defendable space around buildings. Lead City of Bainbridge Island, North Kitsap Fire and Rescue, Poulsbo Fire Department, Bremerton Fire Department, Central Kitsap Fire and Rescue, and South Kitsap Fire and Rescue with support of KCDEM, CERT, and Bainbridge Prepares. Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 5 years Implementation Cost $2,000 – 10,000 per year Potential Funding Source Local, State Status Ongoing, initial implementation has begun, needs to be incorporated into larger efforts county wide. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 117 Wildfire & Urban Fires Mitigation Strategy 3 In coordination with local stakeholders and Fire Districts, develop a plan, outreach and possible funding to educate and provide assistance for creating fire resistant buildings during the construction, retrofitting, updating or remodeling phases. Goal - Reduce the hazard to life and property. Goal – Increase Community Resilience • Develop educational materials and provide outreach regarding fire resistant buildings. • Develop a process by which, when available funds can be utilized by community members to make their building more fire resistant. Lead City of Bainbridge Island, North Kitsap Fire and Rescue, Poulsbo Fire Department, Bremerton Fire Department, Central Kitsap Fire and Rescue, and South Kitsap Fire and Rescue with support of KCDEM with support of KCDEM, Kitsap Building Association and volunteer organizations like CERT and Bainbridge Prepares. Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 5 years Implementation Cost $5,000 – 25,000 per year Potential Funding Source Local, State, Federal New New mitigation strategy. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 118 This page intentionally left blank. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 119 Flood Mitigation Strategies Leading Agencies Support Agencies City/County Public Works Departments City/County/Regional Organizations City/County Community Development/Building Departments Tribal Nations Conservation District Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management (Public Education/Recovery) Hazard Overview Flooding is the most common hazard occurring in Kitsap County37, 38, 48, 52. Approximately 10-15% of the county area lies within flood zones with a 1 to 2 percent chance of flooding annually. Heavy, prolonged rain in the fall, winter, or spring months often results in saturated ground, and high stream flows. Due to ground saturation, Kitsap County businesses and homes located in low-lying areas may flood during prolonged periods of rain. Wind-driven tidal flooding is also possible along the inland waters. Kitsap County experiences flooding due to runoff, ground saturation, and tidal flooding; with structures within floodplain areas at an increased susceptibility to more frequent flooding37, 38. Location/Extent Flooding is the most common hazard occurring in Kitsap County, affecting its entirety. The City of Bainbridge has the largest number of buildings in the Special Flood Hazard Area (1% annual chance flood zone, also known as a 100-year flood zone)37, 38 and has the highest loss ratio, which compares the losses due to flooding to the overall building value within the community. However, not all buildings within the floodplain experience damage because of flooding level and current floodplain regulations.90 Figures 32 shows the Flood Hazard Areas of Kitsap County. Kitsap County Public Works has updated the Stormwater Comprehensive Plan to identify areas that may require additional flood mitigation or water quality improvements. The update was completed in 2022 with areas of emphasis including climate change, coastal flooding, and severe storm impacts48, 52. B1- b. Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? B1- c. Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 120 Figure 32: FEMA Flood Mapping, Kitsap County. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 121 In 2017, FEMA created new Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMSs) for Kitsap County37, which included updated flood modeling for the coastline for Bainbridge, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe, Suquamish Tribe, and the unincorporated areas of Kitsap County100, 70, 55, 56,41, 37. In addition to new FIRMs, flood risk assessment products were developed and used in this risk report. Depth grids for the 1% annual chance flood were created for the coastal areas and show the level of flooding in feet for each pixel. Depth grids were used in this risk assessment to determine which properties would be affected by flooding. The figure on the next page shows the 1% annual chance depth grid for the Bremerton area37. In addition to the depth grid, a Base Flood Elevation (BFE)+ grid the figures 33 and 34 show the locations where flooding is 1, 2, and 3 feet above the elevation of the 1-percent-annual-chance flood (BFE)37. This grid can be used to represent flood events greater than the 1% annual chance flood, including potential sea-level rise. The BFE+ grid can be used to identify areas affected by increased storm surge, storms greater than the 1% annual chance event, and areas potentially affected by sea-level rise. This dataset can be used for future land use and comprehensive planning. Effects The types of floods in Washington State are primarily river and creeks, surface water, flash, and tidal. Floods may result in loss of life as well as damage to residences, business establishments, public buildings, roads and bridges, utilities, agricultural land, fish and shellfish habitats, stream banks, and flood control structures. History Kitsap County issued disaster or emergency declarations for flooding in 1990, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2006, and 200751, 52, 94, 95. Historically, flooding occurs to some extent in Kitsap County every year, especially in floodplain zones of streams. In 2007, significant rainfall following a snow event caused creeks to turn into rivers and high tides to create flooding along Kitsap's shoreline. The event resulted in a Presidential Declaration with damages to over 400 residences and $1 million in public infrastructure damage. Hood Canal and Puget Sound beaches are often affected by flood tides compounded by heavy rainfall and high tides.37, 38, 21 The information in the following figures highlights communities that are already affected by flooding, including those with repetitive loss properties and flood claims, and summarizes characteristics at the community level. Data were obtained from FEMA (2017 data) and the U.S. Census Bureau (2023 data) 51, 52, 94, 95. B1- d. Does the plan include the history of previous events for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 122 Figure 34: BFE Plus 1-, 2-, and 3- foot grids for the City of Bremerton area. Figure 33: 1% Annual Chance Depth Grid (in feet) for the city of Bremerton area. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 123 Probability of Future Events Flooding will continue to occur in Kitsap County. Heavy rains are projected to intensify, increasing flood risk to all Puget Sound watersheds. The potential for major floods exists in any year and may occur at any time during the flood season. In snow accumulating watersheds, winter floods will increase as the snow line recedes. Summer flows will reduce, and the corresponding flooding will become less likely as Cascade drainages change from rain-snow systems to rain-dominant ones. It is unusual for a flood to occur without warning due to the sequential pattern of meteorological conditions needed to cause severe flooding. The table below highlights the building value and percentage of buildings within the Special Flood Hazard Area by community. Losses for the mapped coastal floodplains are highlighted by community, and a count of buildings within the 1% annual chance floodplain is included. Special Flood Hazard Area Assessments100, 70, 55, 56,41, 37 Community Total Estimated Building Value Percentage of Buildings in the Special Flood Hazard Area Building Dollar Loss for a 1% Annual Chance Flood Event Loss Ratio (Dollar Losses/Total Building Value) Number of Buildings in Zones AE, A Number of Buildings in Zone VE Bainbridge $2.6 billion 1.5% $3.6 million 1.4% 136 8 Bremerton* $1.7 billion <1% $404,000 <1% 21 0 Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe** Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Suquamish Tribe $474 million <1% $175,000 <1% 3 0 Port Orchard $966 million <1% $579,000 <1% 24 0 Poulsbo $865 million <1% $3.4 million <1% 7 0 Unincorporated County $9.7 billion <1% $5.2 million <1% 164 175 Total $16.3 billion <1% $13.4 million <1% 355 183 Table 26: Special Flood Hazard Area Assessments. Note: Loss information is included for communities in the coastal floodplain. The table includes both dollar losses and a loss ratio, which is calculated as total losses/total building value. Also included is a count of the buildings in Zone VE, which is the 1% annual chance coastal flood zone with wave action, and in Zones A and AE, which are riverine or coastal 1-percent-annual-chance floodplains. The loss information for the county is only for coastal SFHAs; the rest of the county’s SFHAs are identified as Zones AE, or A. *Note* Information from the military base was not included in the assessment for the City of Bremerton. **No building data was available from Kitsap County for the Port Gamble S’Klallam Indian Reservation, so the results are listed as unknown. B1- e. Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 124 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Kitsap County and its four cities participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Each community entered into the Program at various times. Below is a brief history of Kitsap County’s participation in the NFIP. NFIP Kitsap County Historical Data104 In 1978 unincorporated Kitsap County entered the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The most recent review of Kitsap County’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in February 2010. The review called a Community Assistance Visit (CAV) found that the discrepancies identified in the previous CAV (2002) had resulted in amendments to Kitsap County Code Title 15 (Flood Ordinance). These amendments resulted in improved processes for development in flood-prone zones, enhanced GIS map layering to identify flood hazard areas and permit tracking processes for flood hazard area development. The Kitsap County Board of Commissioners approved these amendments in KCC Title 15; the most recent amendment approval process was February 2010. The following map and table show the NFIP FIRM Panels and jurisdiction information from the FEMA Flood Insurance Study on Kitsap County from 2017. As of October 2019, there are two instances of repetitive or severe repetitive loss properties identified in the planning area; 04, one on Bainbridge Island and one in unincorporated Kitsap County, both being residential type structures. NFIP Information104 Community Total Populatio n CRS Community Flood Claims Repetitive Loss Properties Type of property Total Policies Total Insurance Coverage Date Entered Current Map Date Bainbridge 23,025 N 6 1 Res 234 $64 million 7/11/75 2/3/17 Bremerton 37,729 N 5 0 n/a 52 $15 million 5/27/75 -- Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe 851 N 0 0 n/a 0 $0 -- -- Suquamish Tribe 7,434 N 0 0 n/a 0 $0 -- -- Port Orchard 11,144 N 0 0 n/a 25 $6.8 million 6/21/74 2/3/17 Poulsbo 9,200 N 0 0 n/a 49 $8.7 million 12/6/74 2/3/17 Unincorporated County 170,035 N 58 1 Res 566 $155 million -- -- Total 259,418 0 69 2 Res 926 $318 million Table 27: National Flood Insurance Information. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 125 Watercourse and Surface water Kitsap County Figure 35: Watercourse and Surface Water. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 126 Figure 36: NFIP FIRMS Panel Map (2022). Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 127 Community CID HUC-8 Sub- Basin(s) Located on FIRM Panel City of Bainbridge Island 530307 17110019 53035C0230F, 53035C0235F, 53035C0240F, 53035C0243F, 53035C0244F, 53035C0245F, 53035C0263F, 53035C0265F, 53035C0379F, 53035C0380F, 53035C0381F, 53035C0382F, 53035C0383F, 53035C0384F, 53035C0405F City of Bremerton 530093 17110018, 17110019 53035C0335E, 53035C0343E, 53035C0344E, 53035C0345E*, 53035C0352F, 53035C0353E, 53035C0354F, 53035C0360F, 53035C0364F, 53035C0365F, 53035C0366F, 53035C0367F, 53035C0368F, 53035C0380F, 53035C0390F, 53035C0450E, 53035C0455E City of Port Orchard 530094 17110019 53035C0364F, 53035C0365F, 53035C0366F, 53035C0367F, 53035C0368F, 53035C0369E, 53035C0390F, 53035C0455E, 53035C0457E, 53035C0460E City of Poulsbo 530241 17110019 53035C0094F, 53035C0095F, 53035C0115F, 53035C0206F, 53035C0207F, 53035C0209F, 53035C0230F Kitsap County Unincorporated Areas 530092 17110019 53035C0025F, 53035C0050F, 53035C0075F, 53035C0085F, 53035C0094F, 53035C0095F, 53035C0100F, 53035C0105F, 53035C0110F, 53035C0115F, 53035C0120F, 53035C0140F, 53035C0150F, 53035C0170F, 53035C0185F, 53035C0190F, 53035C0195F, 53035C0205F, 53035C0206F, 53035C0207F, 53035C0208F, 53035C0209F, 53035C0212E, 53035C0214F, 53035C0215F, 53035C0216E, 53035C0218F, 53035C0220F, 53035C0230F, 53035C0235F, 53035C0240F, 53035C0244F, 53035C0245F, 53035C0255F, 53035C0263F, 53035C0265F, 53035C0275E*, 53035C0300F, 53035C0310F, 53035C0320E*, 53035C0325F, 53035C0330F, 53035C0335E, 53035C0340E, 53035C0343E, 53035C0344E, 53035C0345E*, 53035C0351E, 53035C0352F, 53035C0353E, 53035C0354F, 53035C0360F, 53035C0364F, 53035C0365F, 53035C0366F, 53035C0367F, 53035C0368F, 53035C0369E, 53035C0379F, 53035C0380F, 53035C0381F, 53035C0382F, 53035C0383F, 53035C0384F, 53035C0389E, 53035C0390F, 53035C0393F, 53035C0395F, 53035C0405F, 53035C0415F, 53035C0450E, 53035C0455E, 53035C0457E, 53035C0460E, 53035C0465E*, 53035C0470E, 53035C0477E, 53035C0480E, 53035C0485F, 53035C0490E, 53035C0495F, 53035C0505F Table 28: Community FIRM Information. City of Bainbridge Island The City of Winslow entered the Emergency Program on August 14, 1975104, then converted to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) effective February 5, 1986104. The Island was incorporated in 1991 and became the City of Bainbridge Island with an NFIP Effective Date of March 1, 1991. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 128 2004. During this Community Assistance Visit (CAV) the summarized findings from the CAV included the need for an amendment to the City’s flood chapter 15.16, preparation of procedures to implement Chapter 15.16, and additional information on eleven specific cases that were cited in their fieldwork. As of February 2005, all these items were cleared, and our CAV was closed. In 2019, the City updated the Flood Damage Protection Ordinance (FDPO) to update the requirements for FEMA compliance related to the NFIP. The City has also been involved with a Community Assistance Visit (CAV) process as FEMA has audited for compliance measures of the City’s Flood Ordinance as adopted. The City continues to enforce regulations related to our FDPO and compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) related to the potential for flooding events. Figure 37: Potential flooding areas for East Central Kitsap County and Bainbridge Island. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 129 City of Bremerton The City of Bremerton entered the National Flood Insurance Program on May 27, 1975104. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted on July 23, 2008. During the visit, the City issued 2 permits that were properly conditioned for the flood elevation certificates; however, the final Elevation Certificate was inadvertently missed. The corrective action taken by the city was to modify the permitting system computer software to more definitively request flood zone information at the time of initial application for a building permit and at construction inspection stages including prior to framing and prior to the release of final inspection certification. Like most communities in Kitsap County, after the last major flood, 2007, the city reviewed our flooding issues and once again determined we have no repetitive loss areas in the City of Bremerton. The City of Bremerton has amended its processes as recently as August 2007 resulting in a successful CAV in July 2008. 104 Bremerton Municipal Code Chapter 17.60 Floodplain Management was updated under Ordinance #5231 to maintain compliance with the NFPIP on December 7, 2013. Figure 38: Potential flooding losses West Central Kitsap County. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 130 City of Port Orchard The City of Port Orchard entered the National Flood Insurance Program in 1978104. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in 2005. During this Community Assistance Visit (CVA) the summarized findings from the CAV included the need for an amendment to the City’s flood chapter 15.38, preparation of procedures to implement Chapter 15.38, and additional information on three specific cases that were cited in their fieldwork. On September 16, 2005, the Floodplain Management Specialist responded to the City’s transmittal of information by approving Ordinance No. 016-05 bringing the city into full compliance with Federal and State floodplain management requirements. The City provided the Floodplain Management Specialist with additional information on the three specific cases sited during their visit which cleared all of the findings and closed the CAV for Port Orchard. Their conclusion was that the City is effectively regulating development in the City’s flood hazard areas and they would notify FEMA of this certification. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was completed in 2013. The City adopted amendments to its Flood Damage Prevention Standards Chapter of the Port Orchard Municipal Code at that time. This code has since been moved into the new title 20 of the Port Orchard municipal code. On September 16, 2013, the city received written confirmation that its code was compliant with 44 CRF 60.3 and 86.16 RCW. Figure 39: Potential flooding South Kitsap and Port Orchard Areas. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 131 City of Poulsbo The City of Poulsbo entered into the National Flood Insurance Program in 1979104. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in 2017. During this update, Community Assistance Visit (CAV) found no deficiencies related to city code. Figure 40: Potential flooding for North Kitsap and Poulsbo areas. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 132 NFIP Updates In recent years, NFIP Flood Insurance Rates Maps (FIRM) have been revised37, 38, 104. Some zones changed to reflect better data and evaluation regarding coastlines and their related issues, such as the effects of wakes and tides. Changes are not significant. However, the changes have increased the need for some homeowners to file for flood insurance in the NFIP. Community Rating System The Community Rating System (CRS)105 is a voluntary program for National Flood Insurance Program communities with the intent to reduce flood damages to insurable property, strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the NFIP, and encourage a comprehensive approach to floodplain management. It provides an incentive for premium discounts for communities that go beyond the minimum and impose extra measures to provide protection from flooding. Community Rating System Participation105 Community CRS Community Bainbridge Island No Bremerton* No Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe** No Suquamish Tribe No Port Orchard No Poulsbo No Unincorporated County No Table 29: Community Rating System Participation. Kitsap County is currently not eligible and has not met the full compliance with the CRS. In 2007, Kitsap County compared the cost to implement CRS versus the savings to citizens which proved insignificant. The County does not have significant flood-prone areas that would benefit from this program. Climate Change Impacts Climate change is increasing the extent, and the frequency of flooding, and this trend will continue. Regional warming has been linked to changes in the amount of water available in basins from seasonal snowmelt and streams2. The response to change will depend on precipitation in the watersheds and other geographical changes to the landscape. In the future and as early as 2050, snowmelts are expected to be as much as four weeks earlier in the season resulting in lower summer flows. River-related issues, including flood risk, may increase in certain areas but decrease in others. Consequently, these changes will affect reservoir systems, flood control, and the preservation of habitats. It will also affect irrigation, industrial use, and hydropower production. There will be an B1- e. Does the plan describe the effects of future conditions, including climate change on the type, location, and range of anticipated intensities of identified Hazards? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 133 effect on freshwater species, like salmon, steelhead, and trout. Adaptive measures will depend on strengthening water resource infrastructure, technology, and water consumption efforts.95 In the coastal zone, the effects of sea-level rise, erosion, inundation, threats to infrastructure and habitat, and increasing ocean acidity collectively pose a significant threat to the region. With diverse landforms (e.g., beaches, rocky shorelines, estuaries), the Northwest coast may experience a wide range of climate impacts. Global sea levels have risen about 8 inches since 1880 and are projected to rise another 1-4 feet by 2100. Much of the Pacific Northwest coastline is rising due to tectonic uplift, which raises the land surface. A major earthquake along the Cascadia subduction zone would immediately reverse centuries of uplift and potentially increase relative sea level 40 inches or more. Increased ocean acidity can affect marine species and consequently affect commercial harvests. Increasing coastal water temperatures and changing ecological conditions may alter the ranges, types, and abundances of marine species. Many people use the coasts for a variety of reasons as well as live there where future erosion, inundation, and flooding could adversely affect human habitats. Kitsap County has approximately 170 miles of coastline that could potentially be affected by ocean temperature changes and changing sea levels9. Kitsap County is surrounded by sensitive sea conditions that can affect water species, water quality, and the fishing industry. Any increase in sea levels will also affect coastal towns and beaches. Vulnerability Summary Flood vulnerability and effect on Kitsap is considered “moderate” meaning there is moderate potential for a disaster of less than major proportions during the next 25 years37,47, 52. The risk rating is driven by infrastructure and individual residence damage. Life safety and the economy would also be impacted, and effects will be dependent on associated hazards like landslides, hazardous materials events, and dam issues. This hazard mitigation plan identified through collaboration with the partner cities details many of the most vulnerable structures within Kitsap County, these structures were chosen due to either their location in a flood zone, historic flooding in the area, or the level above sea level of the structure, or a combination of these. While the structures listed are considered the most vulnerable any many structures within Kitsap County are at risk from flooding depending on the height of the flooding event and the amount of ground saturation prior to the event. More than any other natural hazard, flooding represents the single biggest repetitive event that has a damaging impact on Kitsap County property and resources37,47, 52. Looking back over twenty years, Kitsap County has flooded (Presidentially declared disaster) at least five times with no major river causing the flooding. Kitsap County is vulnerable to urban stream flooding and localized flooding due to drainage system overload during, especially large or intense storm events. This will continue to occur until more effective flood mitigation strategies can be developed and implemented for urbanized areas that are subject to inundation by floodwater. Engineering and mitigation will have a measure of success, but it is expected that flooding will always occur during extreme storm events37,47, 52. In urban areas, flooding is primarily a product of development and its impact on watersheds and rural areas. Kitsap County has numerous large creeks and lakes and can experience significant daily rainfall during the winter, which is influenced by Puget Sound convergence zones37,47, 52. The Kingston area may be most susceptible to convergence zone weather. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 134 The Growth Management Act (RCW 36.07A) requires that all cities, towns, and counties in the state identify critical areas and establish regulations to protect and limit development in the areas designated as critical areas. Critical areas, as defined by state law, are areas that frequently flood, such as floodplains, as well as areas subject to high tides driven by strong winds. The Growth Management Act is a fundamental tool in mitigation planning. Floodplain mitigation planning and management are coordinated by local, State, and Federal agencies. RCW 86.12, Flood Control by Counties, provides counties with the power to take flood control action by levying taxes, condemning property, and undertaking flood control activities directed toward a public purpose located within their jurisdiction. RCW 82.26, State Participation in Flood Control Maintenance, which establishes the Flood Control Assistance Account Program, provides state funding for local flood hazard management planning and implementation efforts. RCW 86.16, Floodplain Management, states that the prevention of flood damage is a matter of statewide public concern. Statewide building codes and regulations applied to structures during construction also aid in mitigation. FEMA Flood Maps provide additional avenues for information to residents, while the NFIP provides homeowners and renters the ability to purchase insurance coverage for flood damage. In 2011, FEMA initiated a coastal flood study to determine the effects on Kitsap’s coastline from earthquake activity, tides, flooding, and potential sudden tsunamis and seiches. The study was completed in 2015 information is included and cited throughout this document. Conclusions Mitigation involves flood plain planning and management coordinated by local, state, and federal agencies. Building codes and regulations applied to structures aid in mitigation. Residents should have access to information on flood insurance. Where building has already occurred on flood plains, emergency preparedness in the form of sandbags, building materials, three-day evacuation kits, and alternate shelter should be part of each resident's preparation for possible flooding. Kitsap County has many under sized culverts that during heavy rain periods when the ground is saturated, do not allow for proper diversion of waterflow causing damage to roadways and infrastructure including but not limited to power distribution when trees and other debris fall on or affect the power grid. Kitsap county has seen numerous power outages due to trees on power lines caused by heavy rains and winds like the 20 Nov 2024 rainstorm and subsequent flooding that left over 1400 Kitsap County residence without power for up to 2 days due to trees damaging power transmitting lines. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 135 Mitigation Strategies This section is not applicable for Unincorporated Kitsap since it does not have significant flood- prone areas. Most flooding is coastal and is associated with tides during extreme events. Flood Mitigation Strategy 1 Convene an annual meeting of County and Partner City officials including other interested parties to discuss Local, State, and Federal regulatory requirements related to maintenance activities in flood-prone areas. Goal – Increase Community Resilience • The purpose of this meeting would be to exchange information, coordinate future projects, and examine community-wide effects on flood-prone areas. • This project could be used to assist in the identification of areas of critical risk. • This project could be used to assist in the identification of areas of influence that affect critical risk areas. Lead Kitsap Department of Community Development with KCDEM as supporting agency Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time Annual Implementation Cost There should be no cost to hold such a meeting. Potential Funding Source Local, State Status Ongoing, as flood risk and mitigation continues to be high. Areas completed from 2019 – 2024 Flood mitigation: Gorst, Newberry Hill, Port Orchard. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 136 Flood Mitigation Strategy 2 Identify high-risk areas on Geographic Information System (GIS). Update Local stormwater system plans and improve stormwater facilities in high-risk areas. Goal – Build capacity and Increase Community Resilience • Identify flood and drainage problems on public roads. • The lead agency would be the appropriate Public Works Departments. • Local funds and potential private sector funding with possible State or Federal grant funding would be needed to implement the program. • There are long term plans for Storm Water Management in the Kingston area of the County. • KCPW is updating the Comprehensive Stormwater Plan as mentioned previously. While they may not be purely focused on the element envisioned, they are updating information and it is funded. • Work with FEMA to update Kitsap County Flood maps, to possibly include a Flood Risk report. Lead Public Works Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 1 to 3 years and incorporate as ongoing Implementation Cost $65,000 annually - Note: It is recommended this $65,000 annual budget be contributed towards an enhanced GIS system. Costs associated with updating individual projects, community plans, and facilities are dependent on the identification of criteria and number of projects. Potential Funding Source Local, State Status Ongoing - Public Works continues working to complete this strategy and developing maps of flood areas and potential projects to mitigate flooding by upgrading or changing culverts and drainage ways. This strategy feeds data into strategy 3. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 137 Flood Mitigation Strategy 3 Kitsap County Public Works has culverts in areas that are failing, undersized for fish passage and have flooding concerns for downstream areas. Replacement funding for these locations is non-existent. These culverts are not listed in the current 6-year Transportation Improvement Program and are not funded. Kitsap County Public Works is the lead agency for implementation of this strategy and will be coordinated with Kitsap County Department of Community Development, the Department of Emergency Management and Washington State Department of Fish & Wildlife. Goal – Build capacity and Increase Community Resilience Prioritized Locations for Implementation 1. On Stottlemeyer Road NE in Poulsbo, there is a failing 24” culvert that needs immediate replacement. - COMPLETED 2. North Mission Road NW in Seabeck Holly has a failing 24” culvert that has a rusted invert and a significant belly.- COMPLETED 3. Seabeck Holly Rd. NW there is two failing culverts. One of the culverts is an 18” the other is a 36” and both pipes have rust holes and need replacement. 4. There are two culverts on NW Newberry Hill Rd. These culverts are 36” and have significant bellies and rust.- ON SCHEDULE FOR REPLACEMENT 5. There is a concrete culvert in the holly area that is undersized for fish passage. This culvert carries high sediment loads and needs to be improved. 6. Banner - TO BE COMPLETED 7. Crescent Valley - TO BE COMPLETED 8. Washington Boulevard - TO BE COMPLETED 9. Brownsville Highway - TO BE COMPLETED Projected Benefits There would be less of a risk of road failure and environmental degradation to the downstream environments of these watercourses. Decrease in annual flooding through Kitsap County and a reduction in failure to infrastructure. Lead Public Works, Roads Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 1 to 6 years Implementation Cost The costs will be determined at the design phase of the culvert upgrade. A special resource to be considered for implementation of this strategy would be to request grant funding for design and culvert upgrade projects. Estimates for culvert replacement is $750,000.00. This would replace up to five of the failing culverts. Potential Funding Source Local, State, Federal Status Ongoing, partially completed. LEPC and other groups will continue to evaluate roads, culverts, and drainage to improve stormwater run-off and reduce flooding. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 138 Flood Mitigation Strategy 4 Review and create a floodplain planning, management, and over-site program to assure compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) community wide. Goal – Build capacity and Increase Community Resilience • Distribute National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) information in utility bills on an annual basis prior to flood season. The program lead for this strategy will work with the National Flood Insurance Program to coordinate local utility companies to provide and distribute the information. • Develop a plan to maintain an available supply of safety and emergency preparedness supplies. Lead agencies responsible for coordinating supplies and resource information on the availability of supplies would be the Public Works Department, American Red Cross, and KCDEM. The lead agency for emergency use sandbags would be the Public Works Department, for mitigation and prevention homeowners would be lead, with Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management and Public Works providing information on resource availability. Lead The lead agencies for are the Department of Community Development and the Public Works Departments. Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time Ongoing Implementation Cost No immediate cost Potential Funding Source Local, State Status Ongoing, reworded to identify roles. Flood Mitigation Strategy 5 Familiarize the community with the risks of “convergence zone” type of flooding. A convergence zone is caused when low atmospheric pressure combines with severe weather causing tidal overflow and watershed backup. Goal – Build capacity and Increase Community Resilience, Reduce the hazard to life and property Lead The lead agencies would be the Public Works Departments in coordination with KCDEM. Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time Ongoing Implementation Cost No immediate cost Potential Funding Source Local Status On going. Just in time messaging prior to King Tide storms and general flooding preparedness messaging Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 139 Severe Storms/Tornado Mitigation Strategies Lead Agencies Support Agencies Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management City/County/Regional Organizations Water Purveyor Association of Kitsap (Water PAK) Tribal Nations Hazard Overview Although Kitsap County has a moderate marine climate, storm activity involving rain, wind, snow, and ice does affect the County. Severe weather can happen any time, with or without notice38, 94, 95. Severe weather can include hazardous conditions produced by thunderstorms, including damaging winds, tornadoes, large hail, flooding and flash flooding, and winter storms associated with freezing rain, sleet, snow, and strong winds13, 14, 47, 94. Location Severe weather can occur at any time or place in the county. Storms have caused significant damage to portions of Kitsap County. An EF-2 tornado occurred in December 2018, causing substantial damage in Port Orchard, including 250 homes. Lightning storms and hailstorms are less frequent but do occur. Effects The general effects of most severe storms are immobility and loss of utilities. Transportation routes can become blocked, travelers and commuters can become stranded, and families can be separated. Additionally, when electrical lines are damaged, other utilities such as telephones (cell and landlines), natural gas, and water and sewer systems can become inoperable. Physical damage to homes and facilities can occur from winds or the accumulation of snow, ice, or hail. Even a small accumulation of snow can adversely affect transportation systems. High winds have caused extensive damage throughout the county in past years. The main effects of local storms include disruption of electrical power, accidents and transportation problems, Figure 41: Port Orchard 2018 Tornado Path B1- b. Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 140 flooding and landslides, and damage to residences and other buildings. Schools may close for several days. Businesses may function at reduced capacity for a time as employees may have difficulty getting to work or are dealing with storm-related problems at home. There are many private roads in the county, which individuals must maintain themselves or as a cooperative group. Some communities may have one road for ingress and egress. Citizens can become frustrated if private snow removal equipment is inoperable or if extensive damage occurs to private roads and bridges. These concerns were discussed in one of the public town halls. **Information on floods can be found in the Floods Mitigation Strategies section. Extent Severe weather may strike during any time of the year and any time of the day. The extent depends on the type of event, duration, and severity. The Port Orchard EF-2 tornado in 2018 was the strongest tornado to hit Washington State since 198694, 106, 107. The tornado wind speeds were estimated to be 120-130 mph and was on the ground for approximately 1.4 miles106, 107, 108, 109. The path of the twister started at Geiger Road and ended at SE Kerri Court. It was approximately 300 yards wide.106,107,108,109. The extent of severe weather damage depends on the type of event, duration, and severity. The table below describes the Enhanced Fujita Scale for tornados. Enhanced Fujita Tornado Intensity Scale F-Scale Number Intensity Phrase 3 Second Gust Speed Type of Damage Done F0 Gale tornado 65-85 mph Some damage to chimneys; breaks branches off trees; pushes over shallow-rooted trees; damages signboards. F1 Moderate tornado 86-110 mph The lower limit is the beginning of hurricane wind speed; peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos pushed off the roads; attached garages may be destroyed. F2 Significant tornado 111-135 mph Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars pushed over; large trees snapped or uprooted; light object missiles generated. F3 Severe tornado 136-165 mph Roof and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted F4 Devastating tornado 166-200 mph Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown off some distance; cars thrown, and large missiles generated. F5 Incredible tornado Over 200 mph Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried considerable distances to disintegrate; automobile sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 meters; trees debarked; steel-reinforced concrete structures badly damaged. Table 30: Fujita Tornado Intensity Scale. B1- c. Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 141 Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Severe Storms97 Jurisdiction Total Building Stock Building Stock in Hazard Area % Building Stock in Hazard Area Jurisdiction Total Critical Facilities Total Critical Facilities in Hazard Area % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area Jurisdiction Unincorporated Kitsap County 35,580 35,580 100 249 249 100 Bainbridge Island 10,639 10,639 100 83 83 100 Bremerton 48,524 48,524 100 64 64 100 Port Orchard 6,728 6,728 100 39 39 100 Poulsbo 5,288 5,288 100 66 66 100 Port Madison Suquamish Reservation 3,703 3,703 100 7 7 100 Port Gamble S’Klallam Reservation 215 215 100 5 5 100 Kingston 5,846 5,846 100 ** ** ** Hansville 2,165 2,165 100 ** ** ** Totals (Kitsap) 118,685 118,685 100% 513 513 100% Table 31: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Severe Storms . ** Note, Information related to critical infrastructure was included in the total for unincorporated Kitsap County. History As stated above, the 2018 Port Orchard EF-2 tornado was the strongest tornado to hit Washington State since 1986106, 107108, 109. High winds and tornadoes have caused extensive damage through the county in past years. Another notable storm includes the "Columbus Day” storm of 1962, with hurricane- force winds.95, 95, 100 Severe winds also occurred during the Inauguration Day storm of 1993.99 Other storms that have severely impacted Kitsap County have occurred in 1986, 1985, 1980, 1979, 1973, and 1971. The most severe snowstorms that have occurred in Kitsap County were in 1996, 1990, 1985, 1971, 1969, 1961, 1951, 1950, and 1949. Historically, the most severe storms occur during the autumn and winter months from October through February. On average, KCDEM will make preparations for three potentially dangerous storms each winter season.94 B1- d. Does the plan include the history of previous events for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 142 Probability of Future Events There is a high likelihood of numerous severe weather events annually in 100% of the county. However, many of these storms are likely to be small weather anomalies that may not develop into a large event. The frequency, duration, and intensity of extreme heat are expected to increase in Washington State. This will, in turn, increase other weather extremes including, severe/high winds, hail, lightning, tornadoes, and winter storms. Climate Change Impacts Severe weather events are a part of the natural climatic cycle,2, 14, 96. As such, these events play an important role in the maintenance and sustenance of local biodiversity. However, climate change, by its very nature, and following the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and the conservation of energy, is adding energy to many systems. One can think of this process as weather having a grand volume dial, a climate-directed rheostat in which climate change is turning up the energy volume, and all atmospheric systems are impacted. This added energy in the atmosphere can result in a cascading effect of stronger winds, increased severe weather, hailstorms, greater rain intensity, and accelerated flooding. Vulnerability Summary Severe storm vulnerability and effect on Kitsap is considered “moderate,” meaning there is moderate potential for a disaster of less than major proportions during the next 25 years. Kitsap County remains highly vulnerable to the effects of rain, snow, and windstorms. In Kitsap County, March 2014 saw the highest amount of rain in one month—with over 12 inches recorded—and December 2018 with the most powerful tornado to ever occur in Kitsap County94, 95, 110. Severe storms are a fact of life in Kitsap County. Severe wind and rainstorms do not generally impact the region for long periods, but winter snow/ice storms have shut down schools and businesses for several days110. Therefore, the most severe storm Kitsap County is likely to face will be a snow/ice storm. It is not unprecedented for a winter storm to leave a long-lasting mark on the community by inflicting substantial financial damage on the area. In 2019, severe winter weather lasted from February 3-12, with temperatures dipping to 25 degrees or below for six nights B1- e. Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard? B1- e. Does the plan describe the effects of future conditions, including climate change on the type, location, and range of anticipated intensities of identified Hazards? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 143 with copious snowfall. By the time the storm ended, Bremerton had received 20.7 inches of snow, with other areas reporting higher numbers.101 Based on historical data, the probable future severity for severe storms in the region is moderate. The probability is high, but the risk factor is reduced because of the moderate- to-low overall effect on the county.111 Conclusions Mitigation efforts include effective warning through the media. Three-five-day preparedness kits help people weather the storm if they are without normal utilities and comforts. Well- packed kits could be easily transported if an evacuation was necessary/possible. For those residents living in elevations prone to snowstorms, a 14-day preparedness kit is highly recommended. Any kit should include prescription medications. Annually, Kitsap County conducts pre-storm season preparations to include briefings with County Officials to include schools, first responders and utilities; conduct winter season public education programs; and prepare equipment and resources for these types of events. In the past few years, Kitsap County DEM has developed and implemented new programs for winter storm mitigation, including the County’s Alert and Warning Program and Damage Assessment Program. The Alert and Warning System provides hazard information, preparedness tips, and the ability to alert the public on impending hazardous events. The Damage Assessment Program, although used primarily for assessing private and public damage during an event, provides post-event analysis to use in future predictions of storm damage and potential mitigation efforts. The program contains over 700 identified critical facilities by type and response prioritization to better assess the damage in the county and coordinated response. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 144 Mitigation Strategy Severe Storm/Tornado Mitigation Strategy 1 Encourage the public sector to prepare and maintain 14 days of emergency preparedness supplies. Goal – Build capacity and Increase Community Resilience, Reduce the hazard to life and property • Grant funding has been identified and other grant opportunities will be pursued for this initiative. Lead KCDEM, with Kitsap Public Health District Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 1 to 5 years. Portions of this strategy are currently being implemented, and they are included in these recommendations to emphasize the importance of the ongoing efforts and to support a future grant application to increase the efforts. Implementation Cost It is recommended that this strategy be included as part of the annual Department of Emergency Management’s Public Education Program budget. Potential Funding Source Local Status Ongoing, receiving ongoing support with KPHD becoming a secondary lead agency. Severe Storm/Tornado Mitigation Strategy 2 Reduce the risk of casualties due to lost/reduced 911 and EOC Capabilities. Goal – Build capacity and Increase Resilience, • Procure an emergency generator with backup failover UPS for the Emergency Operations Center Facility. Lead KCDEM Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 2020-2021 Implementation Cost $250,000 Potential Funding Source Local, State, Federal Status Pre-Application Submitted for HMGP and PDA Grants Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 145 This page intentionally left blank. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 146 Drought Mitigation Strategies Lead Agencies Support Agencies Public Utility Districts (all) Kitsap County Fire Agencies Water Purveyors (all) Kitsap County Health District Tribal Nations Hazard Overview According to the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), “drought is defined as a deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time (usually a season or more), resulting in a water shortage.67” The condition perceived as “drought” is the result of a significant decrease in water supply relative to what is “normal” in that area, particularly relative to the demands placed by humans on the water in that place67, 68. Washington State is one of the few states to have a statutory definition of drought (Revised Code of Washington Chapter 43.83B.400): “’Drought condition’ means that the water supply for a geographical area or for a significant portion of a geographical area is below 75% of normal and the water shortage is likely to create undue hardships.”67 Location While Kitsap County may not experience severe drought (as defined above) frequently, the county does face abnormally dry conditions, which may impact community activities and capabilities. Drought may affect the entire county, or it can affect certain areas depending on conditions such as recent rainfall activity. The possibility of a prolonged drought does exist. Typically, average annual rainfall is about 43 inches;( average over past 34 years) with a high of 62.19 inches and a low of 27.81 inches110, 111. however, there is a considerable difference in precipitation levels within the county due to elevations and wind patterns. Several consecutive, hot, dry summer months can create parched and tinder-dry conditions. Extremely dry conditions could force the closure of forests to recreation, hunting, camping, and hiking. Campfires and outdoor burning are often limited for a couple of months each summer and longer during arid conditions. Effects The effects of drought can include loss of agricultural products, forest fires, loss of jobs in farming and forestry-related industries, loss of fish, and possible saltwater intrusion into the water table along Puget Sound, affecting local wells. Droughts are not expected to have a significant impact on the built environment. Drought conditions will increase the need for wildland fire suppression responses and limit the availability of supporting water sources. The primary impact of drought is expected to be on the agricultural sector. B1- b. Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 147 Drought leads to an increased susceptibility to wildfires. In Washington State, 31% of critical environment areas are ranked moderate or higher for droughts.104 Many of these regions include forested lands that are prone to wildfires during prolonged periods of dry weather. Drought conditions can impact short-term water availability and soil productivity. Persistent drought conditions for more extended periods can result in a significant threat to local ecological diversity. Large areas supplied by one water system might have to resort to rationing. Residents on private wells may need to use water barrels if their wells become temporarily dry. Extent The extent of drought is presented in the table below. Drought Severity Classification105 Category Description % of Normal Participation Possible Impacts D0 Abnormally Dry <75% for 3 months Short-term dryness slowing planting, growth of crops or pastures; fire risk above average. D1 Moderate Drought <70% for 3 months Damage to crops, pastures; fire risk high; streams, reservoirs, or wells low; some water shortages are developing or imminent. D2 Severe Drought <65% for 6 months Crop or pasture losses likely; fire risk very high; water shortages common. D3 Extreme Drought <60% for 6 months Major crop/pasture losses; extreme fire danger; widespread water shortages. D4 Exceptional Drought <65% for 12 months Exceptional and widespread crop/pasture losses; exceptional fire risk; shortages of water in reservoirs, streams, and wells, creating water emergencies. Table 32: Drought Severity Classification. Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Drought Jurisdiction Total Building Stock Building Stock in Hazard Area % Building Stock in Hazard Area Jurisdiction Total Critical Facilities Total Critical Facilities in Hazard Area % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area Jurisdiction Unincorporated Kitsap County 35,580 35,580 100 249 249 100 Bainbridge Island 10,639 10,639 100 83 83 100 Bremerton 48,524 48,524 100 64 64 100 Port Orchard 6,728 6,728 100 39 39 100 Poulsbo 5,288 5,288 100 66 66 100 B1- c. Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 148 Port Madison Suquamish Reservation 3,703 3,703 100 7 7 100 Port Gamble S’Klallam Reservation 215 215 100 5 5 100 Kingston 5,846 5,846 100 ** ** ** Hansville 2,165 2,165 100 ** ** ** Totals (Kitsap) 118,685 118,685 100% 513 513 100% Table 33: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Affected by Drought. History Historically, drought has not been considered a problem in areas west of the Cascade Mountain Range, although Kitsap County has felt its effects in the past110, 94, 111. Multiple measurable and documented droughts have hit the region in the past 100 years, but the following three are the most notable: 1. April 1934 – March 1937: The longest drought in the region’s history94. 2. October 1976 – September 1977: The worst drought on record. Stream flows averaged between 30% and 70% of normal. Temperatures were higher than normal, which resulted in algae growth and fish kills94. 3. January – March 2001: the second driest winter on record in 106 years. Stream flows approached the low levels of the 1976-77 droughts94. Since 2000, the longest duration of drought in Washington State lasted 116 weeks beginning on January 7, 2014 and ending on March 22, 2016. The most intense period of drought occurred the week of August 25, 2015, when drought affected 84.64% of Washington land.94 Probability of Future Events Droughts will continue to occur in Kitsap County and are more likely during the warmer summer months. Predicting the future probability of drought is difficult because of the number of variables involved in modeling the underlying climatic conditions. Factors that impact whether drought will occur and how long it will last include atmospheric and ocean circulation, soil moisture, topography, land surface processes, and interactions between the air, land, and ocean, which ultimately influence temperature and precipitation. From the historical record, we know that climate is inherently variable, and that anomalies of precipitation and temperature may last from several months to several decades. However, given the number of variables involved, it is difficult B1- d. Does the plan include the history of previous events for each identified hazard? B1- e. Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 149 to predict future drought events. Climate change is making summers warmer with a correspondingly drier watercourse, leading to prairie expansion in the Puget Sound Region and increasing the likelihood of periods of drought. Climate Change Impacts Kitsap County has many creeks formed from rainfall-runoff. Kitsap thrives on rainfall filling the aquifers that provide fresh water to households and filling streams and lakes2, 14. Although the county has not experienced a serious drought in several years, dwindling aquifer and water sources could be an issue in the long term. Changes in the timing of streamflow related to shifting snowmelt patterns are already being observed, reducing the supply of water and causing far-reaching ecological and socioeconomic consequences2, 14. Drier soils increase the risk of wildfire. Climate change is likely to more than double the area in the Pacific Northwest that is burned by forest fires during an average year by the end of the 21st century. Higher temperatures and a lack of water can make trees more susceptible to pests and disease, and trees damaged or killed burn more readily than living trees. With that said, other factors also contribute to fires, and forests in the Western Cascades may be less vulnerable to climate change than those in the Eastern Cascades.110, 111 The primary economic force in Kitsap County is the Federal Government and its military bases and the supporting commercial industry. However, Kitsap County does have an agricultural and commercial fishing community, and it may need to adapt to a changing climatic environment. The success of the agricultural system in the Pacific Northwest is rooted in its specific range of temperatures, precipitation, and growing seasons, as well as its irrigation systems. Changes to climatic cycles, snowmelt, and temperatures may put a significant burden on irrigation rivers. In some cases, however, climate change can provide positive results, providing longer growing seasons, more precipitation, and warmer winters. The region may need to adapt to changing conditions through technology and shifting its key agricultural products to offset some adverse impacts. Vulnerability Summary Based on a 1-5 Likert assessment scale and the evaluation of our four primary assessment categories, drought vulnerability and effect on Kitsap is considered "low,” or there is little potential for a disaster during the next 25 years. Drought, and drought like conditions will continue to occur in Kitsap County, history suggests a moderate probability of drought occurrence. Although the entire population of the county is vulnerable to the effects of drought, severity has historically been low, being more inconvenient than threatening. Locally, actual drought conditions have been limited to a few days, even during B1- e. Does the plan describe the effects of future conditions, including climate change on the type, location, and range of anticipated intensities of identified Hazards? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 150 extended dry periods. Transportation and communications infrastructure would be minimally impacted, if at all. However, as growth places more pressure on limited local resources, future impacts may be more significant, suggesting moderate vulnerability. Kitsap County’s population and industries continue to grow, and so does the demand for water. As usage approaches the limit of available water, any decrease in the normal flow will tend to exacerbate past problems. The county does not need severe drought conditions to experience a water shortage. Kitsap County is vulnerable to drought in the logging and wood products industries, as well as the recreational areas. Loss of income from hunters, campers, and tourists would not have a devastating effect on Kitsap County economics. Aside from the forests, local agriculture can be devastated by a prolonged drought. A shortage of water will also impact industries that depend on inexpensive water supplies, such as laundries and restaurants. Conclusions Droughts will continue to occur in Kitsap County. Drought-related Forest and other wildfires will continue to occur in Kitsap County. During periods of drought, County and City governments must perform public education concerning water conservation and, when needed, institute water conservation activities such as the prohibition of lawn watering and car washing. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 151 Mitigation Strategies Drought Mitigation Strategy 1 Identify cost-effective water conservation measures to be developed and implemented. Goal – Build capacity and Increase Community Resilience, • Note: Portions of this program are currently ongoing, and it is recommended that the strategy continue to receive agency and community support. Lead Public Utility Districts and Water Purveyors are identified as the lead agencies for mitigation strategy implementation. Fire Districts, and Tribal Nations are recommended as support agencies. Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County, Tribal Nations Priority High Implementation Time 1 to 3 years Implementation Cost Estimated $10,000-$50,000. Potential Funding Source Current Local agency budgets. Status In progress. Continue to support all agencies in their actions to conduct this mitigation strategy. Drought Mitigation Strategy 2 Formulate policies for the conservation of water during times of water shortage and drought, policies to be implemented by governments, citizens, and businesses. This type of policy implementation is an ongoing program. Goal – Build capacity and Increase Community Resilience, • Funding sources identified for policy formulation as an ongoing project with Local budgeted funds is recommended. Future consideration for implementation of policies to potentially require utility rate increases. Lead The Public Utility Districts, Water Purveyors and Tribal Nations are identified as the lead agencies for mitigation strategy implementation with the support of the Fire Districts Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County, Water Districts Priority Moderate Implementation Time 1 to 3 years Implementation Cost To be projected and identified within current operational project budgets. Potential Funding Source Local, State Status Ongoing. Emergency Management Public Utility Departments, Water Purveyors and Tribal Nations will continue to provide ongoing mitigation through outreach, policy development, and policy implementation. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 152 This page intentionally left blank. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 153 Multi-Hazard Mitigation Strategies Lead Agencies Support Agencies Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Kitsap Transit City/County Public Works Departments Washington State Ferry System Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Tribal Nations Kitsap County, like most communities in the United States, began using an “all-hazards” planning approach versus planning for one specific hazard during the late ’80s 112, 113. The rationale for this was very simple; most natural hazards have common denominators; road, closures, transportation issues, chain of command, and other issues that, once resolved, can then transcend to all hazards. This “all-hazards” planning approach has been used throughout the mitigation planning process. Based on historical data, the probable future severity for all hazards is high9, 94. Both natural and technological hazards will impact Kitsap County and will continue to transcend all hazards, thus the need to plan for a multi-hazard approach9, 941, 113. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 154 Mitigation Strategies Multi-Hazard Mitigation Strategy 1 The plans, training, and exercises committee within the LEPC will evaluate an “all risks road plan”. Examining potential road closures related to all hazards risks and make recommendations for a plan that identifies alternate access areas in cooperation with State and community officials. The committee will also review State, and Federal resources available to determine best practices. Goal – Build capacity and Resilience, • It is recommended that the committee include the transit system, fire, Tribal Nations, Washington State Ferry System, state, county, and city law enforcement. • This will be an ongoing mitigation strategy. • Both Kitsap Transit and Emergency Management have worked closely on this project/strategy and have been significantly involved over the last 3 years with the Puget Sound Regional Catastrophic Planning. As part of this plan, Kitsap County and the planning committee have evaluated critical and vulnerable roads in Kitsap County and identified solutions or alternate routes in the case of a catastrophic event. Lead Local Emergency Preparedness Committee (LEPC) with Public Works Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority Moderate Implementation Time 1 to 9 years Implementation Cost Intern fees, office, and support costs estimated at $56,000. Potential Funding Source Local, State, Federal Status Ongoing. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 155 Multi-Hazard Public Education Programs Mitigation Strategies Lead Agencies Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Kitsap County Fire/Law Agencies City/County Public Works Departments Kitsap County Citizen Corps Council Winter storms, earthquakes, technological incidents, and other emergencies have and will continue to impact Kitsap County in a number of ways9, 94, 111. Historically, the first response for emergencies has been through the citizens in the affected community. It has been proven that if the citizens are prepared to care for themselves during the recommended three-day period, the less likely response will be required by the American Red Cross and other response agencies. Giving citizens the knowledge and understanding of how they can prepare for a disaster will enable them to provide for themselves, which allows the first responders to manage the more devastating effects of an emergency and to respond to and recover from the event more quickly. In the past five years, Kitsap County and its jurisdictions have made great strides in increasing public awareness of hazards and how they can mitigate and prepare for these events9, 94. Such programs are commonplace and provided to citizens through various public campaigns or on agency websites. Here are some examples: • Kitsap Public Health initiative to minimize the effects of pandemics. • Kitsap County and City Public Works programs to promote programs to reduce hazardous materials spills and reporting to local officials. • Kitsap County and City Public Works programs to provide public information regarding stormwater systems and how the public can help mitigate rainfall runoff during winter storms. • Kitsap County and City Community Development programs to provide information to the public on flood-prone areas, land use, and a variety of other information through GIS programs and databases. • Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management educational programs for earthquake mitigation for schools, businesses, and citizens of Kitsap County. A list of these programs is outlined in the next • All these programs and others by a variety of different jurisdictions and agencies constitute an ongoing commitment to public education and awareness a foundation for mitigation of hazards in the County. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 156 Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management (DEM) Public Education and Outreach Programs “Bolt It, Brace It – Do it” Program. Designed to teach local citizens and contractors on how to assess building structures for earthquake retrofitting and conduct the required modifications. This is a partnership program with the Homebuilders Association, Olympic Peninsula Chapter of International Code Council, and Simpson Strong-Tie. Map Your Neighborhood Program. Designed to provide mitigation and preparedness information and training to neighborhood groups. The program is used to identify key resources in neighbor and the essential for training and exercising personnel in disaster preparedness. To date, Kitsap DEM has mapped approximately 200 neighborhoods in Kitsap County with several awarded the “Disaster Ready” for meeting all the criteria for preparedness. Community Emergency Response Team (CERT). This nationally recognized CERT program was added in 2012 to promote community awareness and participation. This program provides a 10-week training program to develop community-specific CERT teams. KREP School Preparedness Program. An ongoing program to train schoolteachers and staff to respond to a myriad of hazards associated with schools. Response teams are developed for hazard response, but the program also includes emergency preparedness for students. All public school districts and some private schools have been part of this program. Alert and Warning Program. Using purchased software, Kitsap County DEM allows citizens to sign up for the “Alert and Warning Program to receive alerts, tips, and instructions on hazardous events in Kitsap. The Alert & Warning Program has been enhanced through the county formalizing, and MOU with FEAM and the State of Washington allows the county to send EAS, and WEA alerts directly to the County and adjacent counties during an emergency. Further, the Alert & Warning Program is transitioning into a formalized Community Warning System (CWS) with a Technical Advisory Committee (CTAC) charged with providing stakeholder input to the CWS Program. And Alert & Warning processes. The CWS program not only facilitates public opt-in registration, it allows for trained operators to select geo-targeted areas for notification and provides the call-in capability and group alerting for county personnel assets and specific focus groups. Over time the CTAC will develop alert and warning protocols for each of the actions to take in an emergency: SIP, Ready-Set-Go (Evacuate), Vertical Evacuate, Be On The Lookout, All Clear/Return to Normal initially. Public Media Programs. Kitsap DEM has a website at www.kitsapdem.org for continued public mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery information. Additionally, Facebook and Twitter accounts have been established and useful obtaining information on threats and hazards in Kitsap. Kitsap County DEM has been working with the local cable television station in Bremerton (BKAT) on a series of public and programmatic information vignettes to improve the public awareness on the functions or KCDEM and the actions the public can take to improve resilience. Business Preparedness Programs. A program to support mitigation and preparedness for local governments, districts, and businesses in Kitsap. This program teaches mitigation to include evaluating structures for earthquake mitigation, providing employee training in emergency response, and individual/home preparedness information. The Business and Preparedness Program hosted a Business Continuity and Preparedness Planning workshop in 2019 and will be the beneficiary of a Security Forum for small businesses and nonprofits towards the close of 2019. Table 41: Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management (DEM) Public Education & Outreach Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 157 Mitigation Strategies Multi-Hazard Public Education Programs Mitigation Strategy 1 Enhance and support Public Education Programs including citizen involvement. • Expand the Kitsap County Community Emergency Worker /registered volunteer programs. • Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) • Medical reserve Corps. • Kitsap Armature Radio Service. • Kitsap Marine Unit. • Kitsap Severe Weather Shelter workers. • programs to assist in the promotion of public preparedness and volunteerism. • Use State Homeland Security Grant Funds to facilitate. • CERT performs these functions in Kitsap County under KCDEM Lead KCDEM. Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 1 to 5 years Implementation Cost $20,000 – 25,000 annually Potential Funding Source Local, State, Federal Status In progress. Kitsap County continues to promote volunteerism Multi-Hazard Public Education Programs Mitigation Strategy 2 Examine and support ongoing programs with a multi-jurisdictional approach for public education, public awareness, and the promotion of public participation. Specific Hazard Mitigation Public Education recommendations are detailed in the following strategies: 1. Implement programs that use Public Education for Hazard Mitigation and emergency preparedness methods. This recommendation emphasizes the continuing support for the programs that exist and the development of further opportunities. It is recommended that these programs provide content guidance for 14-day preparedness kits and individual and community preparedness training. 2. It is recommended that business and family emergency communication and preparedness plans be included in flyers available to the public. 3. Work to develop additional preparedness education programs targeted towards Local business preparedness, including how to stay in business without power for 14 days. 4. Note: KCDEM has initiated methods for Kitsap County residents to share their perspectives on their level of concern for specific hazards as well as specific measures that have already been taken to mitigate against emergencies and disasters. The data collected from these surveys will continue to be used as a resource in all future hazard mitigation planning efforts. This will also enable KCDEM to target outreach and education efforts on given hazards to specific communities based on perceived risks versus actual risks. Lead The lead agency would be the Department of Emergency Management. Jurisdictions incorporated into this strategy Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Kitsap County Priority High Implementation Time 3-10 years Implementation Cost Share the above $78,000 identified staff time with an additional $50,000 in support and printed materials annually. Potential Funding Source Local, State Status Ongoing, multiple lines of effort through community outreach and training. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 158 Mitigation Strategies Updates from the 2019 Plan The following are updates to the mitigation strategies from the last iteration of the MHMP that were completed or removed. Multi-Hazard Mitigation Strategy 2 Expand real estate disclosure to include all hazards. Lead Research into this issue to be conducted by the Department of Emergency Management. Priority Moderate Implementation Time 1 to 5 years Implementation Cost Initial costs unavailable regarding research actions. Potential Funding Source Local Status Removed from MHMP, will be reevaluated in future edits. Mitigation Strategies Updates from the 2013 Plan The following are updates to the mitigation strategies from the last iteration of the MHMP that were completed or removed. Flood Mitigation Strategy Provide a community-wide service to anchor mobile homes for qualifying citizens and encourage private individuals to anchor their own mobile homes. Lead Volunteer agencies coordinated by local service organizations and KCDEM would take the lead for this strategy. Status Complete. Most mobiles in the county have been tied down per code. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 159 Landslide/Erosion Mitigation Strategy Identify and recommend landslide mitigation measures for implementation throughout the community. • Task 1: Identify potential Landslide areas based upon historical data and existing geologic studies of the area (to include the addition of the Illahee Coastal Bluffs). • Task 2: Identify the resources to do the study for areas of influence located near critical areas and the contribution of those areas of influence on the Landslide problems in the identified critical areas. Recommendation: This would entail setting up a process by which each jurisdiction would submit the geotechnical and geologic reports received as part of the land use and permitting process to the Kitsap County Dept. of Emergency Management (DEM) for review and indexing. Staff at DEM would need to be knowledgeable in this field, and the information on file would need to be readily accessible. o Take Landslide Hazard Mitigation issues and recommendations to the Emergency Management Council for increased community-wide support. o Identify and recommend slide mitigation strategies for existing structures and future remodeling of structures. o Conduct a study to identify potential mitigation steps for the reduction of risk to life and property from landslides. o Study and improve runoff control systems for slide prone areas. o The lead agency would be the appropriate City or County, Tribal Nations Community Development Departments. o Establish a regionally funded program to review geotechnical and geologic reports submitted as part of the planning and permitting process. o Develop a Task List to include preferred providers and peer review methodology. Include minimum requirements for preferred providers to include 5 years in soil- related work. o Identify slide-prone areas and study specific mitigation steps to reduce existing risk and prevent increased risk. Examples of areas of this type are listed below: 1. Rolling Bay Walk 2. Crystal Springs Drive 3. Rockaway Beach 4. Fort Ward Hill 5. Prospect Point 6. Kingston Bluff 7. Suquamish Bluff 8. Hood Canal Bluff 9. Lower Wheaton Way Canyon o Pursue pre-disaster and post-disaster Small Business Administration (SBA) loans for the implementation of landslide, slippage, erosion, and subsidence abatement strategies. o Tribal Nations have sovereignty from County land-use requirements. Tribal Nations will need to work on identification and mitigation measures on Tribal lands when grant funding/personnel are available. Note: Funding for the above mitigation strategy recommendations would be Local unbudgeted funds combined with State and Federal Grants and administrative program funding. Although, recently conducted LIDAR Studies have been beneficial to the increased understanding and location of landslides in Kitsap. Since the studies, more refined mitigation strategies can be developed. Lead Various Implementation Time 1 to 3 years with an ongoing project projection of 1 to 9 years. Implementation Cost It is recommended that $150,000 be identified to start the engineering and cost studies needed to support this strategy. Status Complete. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 160 Tsunami Mitigation Strategy Response & Evacuation: Work with the Washington State Emergency Management Division Earthquake-Tsunami-Volcano Program to develop a “Tsunami Interpretive Information” sign. The sign should be based upon the existing “Washington State Geology” signs that are posted on the outer coast, but with a focus on Puget Sound geology and tsunami. The sign should also illustrate the appropriate responses during and after earthquake and tsunami events. • Primary venues for signage should include high-use visitor/tourist areas such as the Bremerton and Port Orchard waterfronts, downtown Port Orchard, Gorst, the Washington State Ferry terminals and Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. • Washington State Emergency Management Division has, in the past, provided signs (free of cost) to local jurisdictions. Recommend matching funds with State EMD to secure two additional signs. Lead The lead agency for this strategy should be the Washington State Emergency Management Division in coordination with the Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management, Local Chambers of Commerce, and Emergency Management Council. Implementation Time 1 to 2 years Implementation Cost The estimated cost per sign is $1200. A total of 4 signs will be needed to provide adequate coverage of populated vulnerable areas. Total cost: $4800. Status Complete. Tsunami Mitigation Strategy Planning & Infrastructure: Initiate a collaborative planning effort between County/ City planners, State Government, and local citizens to review and revise existing zoning and land use designations to ensure future construction is sustainable. • If no established building codes are currently adopted, consider expanding project to redefine the standards for new waterfront construction. • The Kitsap County GIS Department should be contracted to provide the Best Available Science in compliance with the Washington State Growth Management Act. • Tribal Nations have sovereignty from County land-use requirements. Tribal Nations will need to work on identification and mitigation measures on Tribal lands when grant funding/personnel are available. Lead Lead agencies and private groups for this strategy would include the Board of County Commissioners and Mayors through the Emergency Management Council, Housing Authority, Local Chambers of Commerce, Department of Emergency Management, City/County Public Works Departments, at-risk population service agencies and volunteer organizations. Implementation Time 1 to 4 years Implementation Cost Not available at time of publication. Status Complete. Ordinances are in place to protect the public from building “too close to the water” with 100 feet setbacks. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 161 Tsunami Mitigation Strategy Fire Mitigation Strategy Increase and implement fire public education measures. Lead The County Fire Marshall’s Office, in coordination with Local Fire Agencies, would take the lead in this program. Implementation Time 1 to 3 years Implementation Cost Budget recommendations are for the use of existing funds should the fire agencies determine if current personnel are sufficient. The Steering Committee recommended a study be considered to determine if a Fire Public Educator is needed on a regional basis. Status Complete. This is now an ongoing program. Flood Mitigation Strategy Develop a strategy to implement a flood control and riparian zone management process that ensures coordination of the municipalities with regard to stormwater management standards, zoning requirements, and building codes. The necessary steps to implement this strategy are: • Review and compare existing flood control standards, zoning, and building requirements and determine minimum acceptable standards for all municipalities. • Develop inter-jurisdictional mechanisms to ensure that the municipalities are aware of each other's flood-prone areas and properly assign conditions of approval to projects that may affect them. • Tie this strategy into the implementation of a community-wide Geographic Information System (GIS). • Local funding resources are recommended for potential budget availability. Status Removed. Funding not available. Flood Mitigation Strategy Develop and implement project proposals to reduce flooding and improve control of runoff within and upstream of flood-prone areas. This may include High Flow Bypass construction in intensely developed areas and buy out programs in frequently flooded areas. • It is recommended that City/County Public Works Departments pursue Federal and State grant funds to implement this strategy. Additionally, local matching and operational funds would need to be budgeted to implement the program. • KCPW is updating the Comprehensive Stormwater Plan as mentioned previously. While they may not be purely focused on the element envisioned, they are updating information and it is funded. Status Removed. Funding not available. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 162 Flood Mitigation Strategy Identify, update, and maintain an inventory of privately owned and operated stormwater facilities that contribute runoff to flood-prone areas. Develop and implement guidelines to assess the flood risk and system effectiveness for the individual systems. • Identify significant un-mitigated man-made runoff generating activities or land uses that may be a contributing cause to public flooding. This project would be undertaken in order to expedite flood risk identification and propose specific area problem resolution. • Local funding would need to be identified to implement this strategy, and consideration is recommended for potential Federal Grant Application funds. This could encompass retrofitting or construction of flood control facilities. • Note: It is recommended that the project include a study of drainage areas, including the study of selected drainage areas for potential mitigation opportunities. Status Removed. Funding not available. Flood Mitigation Strategy Identify locations where flooding has occurred on a repeated basis and conduct a cost- benefit analysis to determine if a flood buyout option would be cost-effective. • Local funding for the cost-benefit analysis would be needed for this process. • If deemed cost-effective, Federal Grant Application funds would be sought. Status Removed. Funding not available. Flood Mitigation Strategy Evaluate City/County eligibility for the NFIP Community Rating System for improved flood plain management and NFIP eligible insurance premium discounts. Develop and implement a plan to meet the compliance with the NFIP. • Develop a plan to meet eligibility requirements over a five-year period. • Institute the program through City and County zoning ordinances. • Note: It is recommended that the project include a study of drainage areas, including the study of selected drainage areas for potential mitigation opportunities. Status Removed. Funding not available. Severe Storm/Tornado Mitigation Strategy Encourage Water Utility Districts to coordinate the hazard planning, mitigation, and recovery activities through joint efforts of the Water PAK. These strategies would include but are not limited to: • Coordination of restoration priorities with Puget Sound Energy • Coordination of phone restoration with community-wide phone companies • Participation of Mutual Aid Programs with other utilities • Survey and retrofit facilities for high wind loads damage • The development of a Water PAK Emergency Response Plan Status Removed. Funding not available. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 163 Flood Mitigation Strategy Pursue Federal Emergency Management Agency Disaster Housing/Home Repair Program to include mitigation measures for the private sector for multi-hazard risks. Status Removed. Funding not available. Flood Mitigation Strategy Encourage businesses and citizens in historic flood areas to raise valuables out of harm’s way. Status Removed. Funding not available. Flood Mitigation Strategy Conduct cost-benefit analysis for flood buyout plan in areas where properties have had multiple flood losses. Status Removed. Funding not available. Landslide & Erosion Mitigation Strategy Identify and implement agricultural area erosion control measures to aid in the mitigation of identified Landslide related problems. • Funding recommendations are to seek State and Federal support funds. Status Removed. Funding not available. Landslide & Erosion Strategy Landslide General Mitigation Strategy: Identify and implement community-wide erosion control measures. Status Removed. Funding not available. Earthquake Mitigation Strategy Design and implement an ongoing community-wide public seismic risk assessment program. • This project will require specific task development and may need to be based on the implementation of a community-wide GIS System and/or the implementation of Geologic Mapping Strategy number three. Status Removed due to lack of structures and staffing to implement this level of a program. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 164 Earthquake Mitigation Strategy Identify and study ground motion, landslide, and primary liquefaction community wide. Include new data from the most recent earthquake studies affecting Kitsap County. • A special resource to be considered for the implementation of this strategy would be to request grant funding to use college and university graduate students for the planning and implementation of the study. • A recommended result of the study would be the ability to create liquefaction hazard mapping. Status Removed due to no longer viewed as a realistic strategy. Kitsap County currently does not have the LIDAR program. Information Systems (IS) GIS unit has generated liquefaction maps for the county and LIDAR data does exist for the community. This strategy will be reviewed in coordination with Community Development when a new KCDEM GIS employee is hired. Earthquake Mitigation Strategy Develop and implement a program for seismic retrofit. • Funding has not been identified. • Constraints for this program are based upon the State of Washington's authority to approve tax incentives for mitigation programs. • Local incentives would require cooperation with insurance brokerage firms to lower rates on seismically retrofitted homes. • Incentive funding programs can be explored and modeled after Project Impact Communities for community revolving low-interest loans and loan of tools to accomplish the retrofit program. Status Removed. Funding not available. Earthquake Mitigation Strategy Implement a community-wide water main and water delivery system risk assessment. Formulate alternatives to mitigate risk. • In addition to Local operational budgets, this project would require matching grant funds. • Coordinate the risk assessment with the identification of fire hydrants and perform risk analysis for fire protection. Status Removed. Funding not available. Earthquake Mitigation Strategy Assess community-wide utility infrastructure with regard to earthquake risk, including public and private utilities (power and telephone systems). • In some cases, private and public rate increases may be considered for implementation of a proactive seismic safety program. • This program will need to be tied to, and be an active participant in, a regional GIS Mapping Project. • Note: The Kitsap Regional Coordinating Council (KRCC), in its current state, could not support such a program. It is recommended an assessment be made to identify specific recommendations that would accomplish the KRCC’s participation. An estimate of what it would take to accomplish the KRCC participation is required Status Removed. Structures are not in place for success. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 165 Earthquake Mitigation Strategy Incorporate information and recommendations on water system issues identified in seismic studies into the Hazard Mitigation Plan. • Those studies are: o Report Water System Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment for the City of Bremerton: Dames and Moore Group Company Job No. 05793-007-004, March 1997. o These reports are inclusive of Dam Break Inundation Analysis and Down Stream Hazard Classification, May 1996. (Prepared under contract to Dames & Moore by WEScorp) and Washington State Department of Ecology Dam Safety Section, Emergency Action Plan for the City of Bremerton Reservoir No. 4, May 1996. • Funding for this project would need to include both State and Federal funding resources and potential private funding where appropriate. Status Removed. Funding not available. Drought Mitigation Strategy Provide for additional research and compilation of water resource data regarding aquifer recharge areas. Identify long-term priorities vs. short-term priorities. The recommendation for implementation would be to partner with water purveyors, well owners, Tribal Nations, nursery owners, homebuilders, architectural and professionally certified programs including community vocational education classes. Status Removed. Funding not available. Tsunami Mitigation Strategy Hazard Mapping & Modeling: Contract with the Kitsap County GIS Department to create a “Kitsap County Shore zone Inventory,” including a building footprint, for all lands within 1km of the shoreline. GIS staff should incorporate data gathered from ATC-21 Visual Assessments to enhance detail for critical infrastructure elements. The “Kitsap County Shore zone Inventory” should consist of a wide range of data to support future analyses of earthquakes and tsunami hazards. • The NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) located at Sand Point, Seattle, is actively developing tsunami models for Puget Sound. As model results and data improve, Kitsap County should be prepared to compare these data and results to existing local conditions. The “Kitsap County Shore zone Inventory” is a logical step toward this goal. • Data access constraints at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard may result in significant data gaps. Recommend initiating talks between Kitsap County GIS staff and PSNS Security/IT staff to discuss data-sharing possibilities. • GIS has mapped shorelines for a worst-case 25-foot tsunami along any coastline of Kitsap. Status Removed. Funding not available. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 166 Tsunami Mitigation Strategy Transportation: Incorporate best available tsunami hazard mapping and modeling data into future planning efforts for protecting and planning for critical transportation (lifelines and infrastructure). Existing areas of concern include but are not limited to: (1) the Highway 3 / Highway 16 interchange at Gorst, (2) the Manette Bridge, and (3) Marine Drive. • The Kitsap County GIS Department should work with GIS staff at WSDOT to identify key transportation lines that could be vulnerable to earthquakes and/or tsunami (e.g., those in low- lying areas, or those that are not compliant with current seismic codes). Status Removed. Funding not available. Tsunami Mitigation Strategy Utilities: Design and implement a project to conduct geotechnical analyses of all utilities within 50 feet in elevation from mean higher high water (MHHW). Project results should include potential impacts from loss of service and plans to retrofit or replace vulnerable system components. • Until more accurate inundation data is available from NOAA, or other sources, 50 feet in elevation from mean higher high water (MHHW) is a reasonable threshold for considering tsunami risk. • Project costs will be incurred by appropriate Kitsap County Departments. Retrofit and/or replacement costs will be incurred by the appropriate service provider. Status Removed. Funding not available. Terrorism & Civil Disturbance Mitigation Strategy Design and implement a community-wide first responder and citizens program including prevention, property protection, public education and awareness, emergency services, and structural project activities. • Kitsap County Terrorism Planning Committee identifies all priorities for response for both training and equipment needs. • Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management is the lead coordinating agency for Region 2 Homeland Security District. Through the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, funds have become available to train and equip first responders to respond to acts of terrorism. • The Terrorism Plan is reviewed and updated annually as well as numerous committees meet to discuss interoperability initiatives, HLS equipment initiatives, training, and exercise, and National Incident Management (NIMS) Compliance. One example is Interoperable Communications, essential to response coordination. Exhibit VII-1 shows the framework for HLS Region 2’s interoperable communications plan used to identify systems and processes to improve coordination among various agencies. Over the last five years, Kitsap County has been involved in numerous federal, state, and local programs to train and exercise responders and provide information to the public on being vigilant about terrorism. Because of the numerous military installations, Kitsap participates in multi-million-dollar exercises regarding radiological and terrorist events. As such, the military installations collaborate and exercise with the local on numerous disaster exercises, including all of the hazards mentioned in this section. This cooperation provides an ongoing successful program of working together and minimizing the effects of these hazards on Kitsap County. Status Removed. Terrorism is not a hazard being discussed in the 2019 MHMP due to focusing on natural hazards. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 167 Multi-Hazard Mitigation Strategy Study and identify areas of geographical/geological influence affecting identified critical area hazards. Add identified areas of influence to critical areas geographic identification as part of the problems to be addressed. (Determine what the science is to identify areas of influence.) This strategy is to be done in coordination with the Landslide areas of influence Hazard Mitigation Strategy. • Note: It is recommended that consideration be given to make this a MULTI HAZARD demonstration grant project through FEMA. Status Removed. Funding not available. Multi-Hazard Mitigation Strategy Areas of Impact Mitigation Strategy: Study non-traditional areas of impact such as: • Pre-identified critical areas that require monitoring and potential areas of influence near and adjoining these risk areas. • Identify single lot property owners who are in an area of influence to an adjoining critical risk area and determine what effects, if any, usage of the adjoining areas of influence have on the critical risk area. • Local funds recommended from future budget appropriations with potential grant applications from mitigation sources. • Identify infrastructure improvements for specific critical risk areas and identify the level of risk for which these improvements will be effective. • Funding sources would be a combination of Local funds and State and Federal matching grants. Status Removed. Funding not available. This is another mitigation strategy that would require strong participation from a regional GIS. Multi-Hazard Mitigation Strategy Examine the feasibility of implementing building codes requiring underground utilities for new development where possible. Status Removed. Funding not available. Multi-Hazard Public Education Programs Mitigation Strategy Develop a Critical Risk Areas Educational Program, including expanding current programs where appropriate to include: • Assure the availability of accurate maps and information defining critical areas to the public and private sector. • Use advertisements to identify critical areas for the public to include mitigation strategies that individuals and businesses can implement. • Include lenders and insurance agents' cooperation and participation in the educational process. Status Removed. Funding not available. Will not be completed within five years with current staffing. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 168 Multi-Hazard Public Education Programs Mitigation Strategy Use public education programs and meetings, including Public Access Television, to provide methods to identify and mitigate erosion area problems. Use Public Access Television to educate property owners and renters, both commercial and residential, on the definition and identification of erosion and land-shift problems and identify mitigation measures for the protection of private property. • Funding recommendations are for State and Federal support funds. Status Removed. Funding not available. Multi-Hazard Public Education Programs Mitigation Strategy Implement a public education program to alert the public on the dangers of and steps to reduce the risk of landslides on private property. Identify and implement public education programs on seismic safety and strengthening for homes, public spaces, schools, and businesses. • This strategy is an ongoing project, and it is recommended that both Local government budget funding and Federal funds be used to more fully implement the program. Status Removed. Funding not available. Fire Mitigation Strategy Identify the Urban Wild Land Fire interface problem areas, including the development of an urban fire risk map. This project would be dependent upon a Regional GIS program for mapping components. • Study urban fire issues, including the development of recommendations for requiring fire retardant building materials and sprinklers where possible. Status Removed. Funding and staffing not available. The economic downturn had reduced staff and the ability to take on this strategy. Fire Mitigation Strategy Offer community-based loan programs or other identified incentives to replace combustible roofing and to retrofit buildings with fire sprinkler systems. Status Removed. Funding not available. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 169 This page intentionally left blank. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 170 City-Specific Mitigation Strategies The following goals have been defined by the City of Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo and are consistent with those in the basic MHMP update. These goals are applied to each of the hazard categories noted below, with associated strategies for 2024. Goal 1: Eliminate or reduce the long-term risk to human life and property from identified hazards. Goal 2: Aid both the private and public sectors in understanding the risks they may be exposed to and finding mitigation strategies to reduce those risks. Each city’s mitigation strategies and updates are outlined in their respective sections. City of Bainbridge Island Updates from the 2013 Plan Strategy Implementation Time Remarks/Status Develop and implement projects to improve control of runoff and flooding. Based on the size of the project and availability of funds Completed. • Flood Prevention: The City updated the Flood Damage Protection Ordinance (FDPO) updating the requirements for FEMA compliance related to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The City has also been involved with a Community Assistance Visit (CAV) process as FEMA has audited for compliance measures of the City’s Flood Ordinance as adopted. • The City’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System new NPDES Permit includes planning and inspection of projects related to control of soils, stability of soils and run-off at properties. • In the COBI, Capital Improvement Plan (CIP); Engineering has an Annual Drainage Program that addresses control of runoff. • Many studies and projects related to runoff and flooding have been completed. • A project is currently in design to replace the deep culvert under Eagle Harbor Dr. at McDonald Creek. B1- f. For participating jurisdiction in a multi- jurisdictional plan, does the plan describe any hazards that are unique to and /or vary from those affecting the overall planning area? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 171 Inspect and identify trees and other objects that can pose a hazard during a storm Ongoing/1-5 years Completed. Ongoing strategy. Significant improvements have been made with city funds Identify slide-prone areas and study- specific mitigation steps to reduce existing risk and When funds were available Completed. Various studies and projects related to slide and erosion issues have been completed: Strategy Implementation Time Remarks/Status Prevent increase risks. • A study was performed by Myers Biodynamics in 2006 to access shoreline road locations at Gertie Johnson, Manitou Beach Drive, and Country Club Road. • There are several shoreline road locations that are being monitored. The City currently has a project underway to repair the bulkhead at Country Club Road. The City has a contingency project identified in the CIP repairing the bulkhead at the medium bank section of Manitou Road. • The City has completed shoreline road stabilization projects in recent years at Rockaway Beach, Crystal Springs (south of Baker Hill near the public dock), and most recently Manitou Park. • Slides have occurred in the last 10 to 15 years at the following locations: South Beach Drive south of Toe Jam (private), Crystal Springs Drive north of Baker Hill (public and private), Rockaway Beach Road, Rolling Bay Walk/ Gerte Johnson Rd, Sunrise Drive north of Gerte Johnson Road, and Seabold near Adas Will Ln (private). Debris removal and repairs have occurred repeatedly at Rockaway, Crystal Springs, and Gerte Johnson. • For non-shoreline roads the City monitors several locations for movement and embankments and to make sure drainage is maintained. This includes Fort Ward Hill Road near South Beach, Toe Jam Hill road near south-beach, Blakley Hill Road, Halls Hill Road, and Gerte Johnson Road. • Information on slide hazard areas has been placed into the City GIS system. Pursue seismic Upgrades to equipment, infrastructure, and critical facilities Ongoing/1-5 years Some improvements completed. HMP funds may be sought for high-end projects Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 172 Aid both the private and public sectors in understanding the risks they may be exposed to and fund programs to mitigate. Ongoing/1-5 years Completed. Bainbridge has extensively provided disaster preparedness to citizens and businesses throughout the island, although ongoing commitment may require funds to amplify the program. Strategy Implementation Time Remarks/Status Study Tsunamis and improve mapping of tsunami risk areas on Bainbridge Island 1-2 years Tsunami mapping has been completed: link to tsunami affecting mapping video simulation. https://www.bainbridgewa.gov/ DocumentCenter/View/8145 2024 Bainbridge Island Mitigation Strategies 1) Bainbridge Island is incorporated into the following Kitsap County Mitigation strategies. a) Earthquake/Tsunami mitigation strategies 1, 3, 4 b) Landslide and Erosion mitigation strategies 1, 2 c) Tsunami mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 d) Wildfire and Urban Fire mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3 e) Flood mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 f) Severe Strom and Tornado mitigation strategies 1, 2 g) Drought mitigation strategies 1, 2 h) Mult hazard mitigation strategies 1 2) In addition to Bainbridge Islands participation in the identified County Mitigation Strategies Bainbridge Island has the following jurisdictional specific mitigation strategies. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 173 Bainbridge Island 2024 Mitigation Strategies City of Bainbridge Island Mitigation Strategy 1 Ensure implement 2018 updates to the City Fire and Building Code. Updates include codes related to mitigating seismic, wildfire, flooding, and landslide risk. Lead City of Bainbridge Island Planning & Community Development Support Priority High Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline January – December 2026 Implementation Cost $25,000 Potential Funding Source Local Status Completed, Fire code updates adopted in 2020. City of Bainbridge Island Mitigation Strategy 2 Develop method to track active landslide activity of Bainbridge Island. Create map with current and historical data on landslide activity for use with community outreach efforts. Lead City of Bainbridge Island Planning & Community Development Support City of Bainbridge Island Emergency Management, City of Bainbridge Island Information Technology (GIS) Priority High Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline 2024-2028 Implementation Cost $10,000 per year Benefit to Cost Low, most vulnerable areas involve residential homes. Potential Funding Source Local Status To be completed. Retained for the 2024 update. Bainbridge Island has many potential slide areas along coastal ways including Rockaway Beach area, Rolling Bay Walk and Fort Ward Hill. These areas are mostly residential and roads vulnerable to landslides. City of Bainbridge Island Mitigation Strategy 3 Conduct community outreach programs related to personal preparedness with a focus on earthquake and wildfire risk. Includes: Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training, Wilderness First Responder (WFR) training, and Map Your Neighborhood program implementation. Lead City of Bainbridge Island Emergency Management Support Bainbridge Island Fire Department, Bainbridge Prepares Priority High Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline 2024-2028 Implementation Cost $30,000 per year Potential Funding Source Local, State Status Ongoing, retained in the 2024 plan. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 174 City of Bainbridge Island Mitigation Strategy 4 Update to Shoreline Master Plan to include data on sea-level rise and impacts to Bainbridge Island. Develop community outreach and education campaign once the plan is published. Lead City of Bainbridge Island Planning and Community Development Support Priority Moderate Probability of Occurrence Moderate Implementation Timeline 2024-2028 Implementation Cost $10,000 Potential Funding Source Local Status Ongoing, retained in the 2024 plan. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 175 City of Bremerton Updates from the 2013 Plan Strategy Implementation Time Remarks/Status Pursue seismic upgrades to the Bremerton water system and its components as identified in the report by Dames & Moore, March 1997 and in the City of Bremerton’s 6-year Capital Improvement Plan. Includes seismic protection of Jackson Park/NAD water main, seismic restraint/isolation valves on the Warren Avenue Bridge main 6 years Completed in 2017. Pursue seismic upgrades to the dam and provide improved monitoring and an early warning system in the event of an uncontrolled release of the reservoir caused by a dam failure as identified in the report by WoodardClyde Consultants, July 1997 and in the City of Bremerton’s 6-year Capital Improvement Plan. 1 year Progress: Completed seismic bracing for the Casad Dam intake tower. Provide Mason County with a telephone warning system. Still looking for funding for an early warning system in the event of an uncontrolled release. Pursue seismic upgrades to equipment, infrastructure and critical facilities Ongoing Ongoing program. Need additional funding. Aid both the private and public sectors in understanding the risks they may be exposed to and fund programs to mitigate. Ongoing Support the County’s Bolt and Brace Program for retrofitting older homes in Bremerton Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 176 2024 Bremerton Mitigation Strategies 1) Bremerton is incorporated into the following Kitsap County Mitigation strategies. a) Earthquake/Tsunami mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3 b) Landslide and Erosion mitigation strategies 1, 2 c) Tsunami mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 d) Wildfire and Urban Fire mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3 e) Flood mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 f) Severe Strom and Tornado mitigation strategies 1, 2 g) Drought mitigation strategies 1, 2 h) Mult hazard mitigation strategies 1 2) In addition to Bremerton’s participation in the identified County Mitigation Strategies Bremerton has the following jurisdictional specific mitigation strategies. 2024 Mitigation Strategies Bremerton Mitigation Strategy 1 Improve citizen preparedness programs to include mitigating residential structures. Lead KCDEM Support City of Bremerton Priority Low Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline Ongoing Implementation Cost $10,000 per year Benefit to Cost Increase disaster preparedness and improve ability for structures to weather a disaster Potential Funding Source Local Options & Discussion This project is ongoing and involves a continued effort to get neighborhoods involved in preparedness. Status This project is ongoing and involves a continued effort to get neighborhoods involved in preparedness The following efforts have been implemented from 2024-2029: Outreach: Kids day each year. BlackBerry festival each year. Bridge Blast each year. Bremerton Air Show. Kitsap County Fair and Stampede each year. Bremerton Mitigation Strategy 2 Provide pipeline redundancy and seismic protection for the cross-town main and transmission main under SR 3. Lead City of Bremerton Public Works & Utilities Support Washington State Department of Health and Department of Ecology Priority Low Probability of Occurrence Low Implementation Timeline Undetermined Implementation Cost $3,100,000 Potential Funding Source Local, State, Federal Options & Discussion Improve water supply service after an earthquake. Status In progress. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 177 Bremerton Mitigation Strategy 3 Improve the retrofitting of older residences in the City of Bremerton. Lead City of Bremerton Public Works & Utilities Support Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Priority High Probability of Occurrence Moderate Implementation Timeline 1-4 years Implementation Cost $50,000 Benefit to Cost High due to reducing uninsured damages after an earthquake. Potential Funding Source Local, State Options & Discussion Provide training and loans/funds to residence for retrofitting their homes to reduce the effects of a potential earthquake. Status Ongoing. Projects completed in the 2024-2029 period. Boeing has been brought onboard to provide training and community education for homeowners. Bremerton Mitigation Strategy 4 Develop and implement projects to improve control of runoff and flooding. Lead City Engineering Support Community Development Priority Moderate Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline Based on the size of project and availability of funds Implementation Cost $250,000 per year Benefit to Cost Reduces erosion and road/infrastructure maintenance Potential Funding Source Local, State Options & Discussion When funds are available. Status In progress. Projects completed in the 2024-2029 period. Chico Creek culvert replacement Gorst interchange culverts Newberry Hill drainage and culverts Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 178 City of Port Orchard Updates from the 2013/2019 Plan Strategy Implementation Time Remarks/Status Seismic upgrades to equipment, infrastructure, critical facilities Ongoing Partially completed. Small projects accomplished in house. Ongoing and remains part of the plan. Inspect and Identify trees and objects that pose a hazard during a storm Ongoing In progress. Ongoing projects are funded as funds become available. Remains part of the city’s strategy. Port Orchard Mitigation Strategies 1) Port Orchard has incorporated into the following Kitsap County Mitigation strategies. a) Earthquake/Tsunami mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3 b) Landslide and Erosion mitigation strategies 1, 2 c) Tsunami mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 d) Wildfire and Urban Fire mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3 e) Flood mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 f) Severe Strom and Tornado mitigation strategies 1, 2 g) Drought mitigation strategies 1, 2 h) Mult hazard mitigation strategies 1 2) In addition to Port Orchards participation in the identified County Mitigation Strategies Port Orchard has the following jurisdictional specific mitigation strategies. 3) 2024 Mitigation Strategies Port Orchard Mitigation Strategy 1 Develop and implement projects to improve control of runoff and flooding. Lead Public Works Support None Priority High Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline Based on the size of the project and availability of funds Implementation Cost $250,000+ per year Benefit to Cost Reduces erosion and road/infrastructure maintenance Potential Funding Source Local, State Options & Discussion The City is contracting with a local engineering firm to develop a downtown Stormwater Retrofit Plan. One of the major topics of this study is improving runoff and flood control. Status Ongoing. In progress. Data collected gave multiple possibilities, the city is now developing plans to implement some of the proposed mitigations strategies. Cost estimates to be updated when data is available. One mitigation strategy from the data work to procure funding to raise city streets 18 inches to mitigate effects of flooding and improve runoff. This is a multi-year project. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 179 Port Orchard Mitigation Strategy 2 Improve citizen preparedness programs to include mitigating residential structures. Lead KCDEM Support City of Port Orchard Priority High Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline Ongoing Implementation Cost $10,000 per year Benefit to Cost Ongoing. Increase disaster preparedness and improve the ability for structures to weather a disaster Potential Funding Source Local Options & Discussion This project is ongoing and involves a continued effort to get neighborhoods involved in preparedness. The County DEM KPREP program for neighborhood and school preparedness has been widely used, but funds are needed to provide ongoing training and equipment for preparedness. Status Ongoing. In progress. Port Orchard Mitigation Strategy 3 Pursue seismic upgrades to equipment, infrastructure, and critical facilities. Lead City of Port Orchard Engineering Support Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Priority High Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline Ongoing Implementation Cost To be determined as projects are authorized. Agency may pursue HMG funding and low-interest loans to complete projects. Benefit to Cost Beneficial to earthquake survivability Potential Funding Source Local, State Options & Discussion None Status Ongoing, 2 city buildings have been updated multiple more require updating. Ongoing retrofit as part of capital improvement plan implementation. Port Orchard Mitigation Strategy 4 Evaluate water and sewer utilities within 50 feet of shoreline. In addition, The City is redesigning and retrofitting the City’s Marina Sanitary Sewer Lift Station. Lead City of Port Orchard Engineering Support West Sound Utilities District Priority High Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline Ongoing Implementation Cost Based on an initial assessment of mitigating high tide and winter storm flood events. The study would cost approximately $150,000. Benefit to Cost Undetermined. Potential Funding Source Local, State Options & Discussion The city continues to evaluate water and sanitary sewer facilities within 50 feet of the shoreline as it implements its capital facilities plan. Status In progress. Ongoing. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 180 Additionally, the City of Port Orchard has reviewed the mitigation strategies in the base plan and will participate in those applicable to the hazards associated with Port Orchard. Please note that only the City Council can commit funds and significant resources to any strategy. Port orchard continues to participate in the following mitigation related reviews on a routine basis to ensure current mitigation strategies are adequate and to add new strategies as needed. Flooding • The City will participate in the review of flood control and riparian zone management process with regard to stormwater management standards, zoning requirements, and building codes. • The City will participate in the annual countywide meeting to review regulatory permitting and maintenance activities in flood-prone areas. • When flooding problems are identified, the City will develop project proposals to reduce the flooding. Implementation would be dependent upon adequate financing and other factors. • The City will maintain an inventory of privately-owned stormwater systems and use this data when assessing potential flooding problems. Severe Storms • As part of its public education program, the City will continue to stress the importance of being self-sufficient for at least three days with food, water, and other essentials. • The City will continue to maintain its emergency response plan for the water utility. Landslides/Erosion • The City will provide available information to the County GIS system to identify potential landslide areas for GIS mapping. Earthquake • The City will participate in the countywide seismic risk assessment program with the Department of Emergency Management as the lead agency. • The City would provide relevant available data to help identify areas prone to ground motion, landslide, and liquefaction. • To the extent feasible, the City would participate in Kitsap County’s USGS-UW Geological mapping effort. • The City’s water and sanitary sewer systems will be included in the countywide assessment in regard to earthquake mitigation. • If appropriate funding programs are available, the City will participate in a program to encourage seismic retrofitting of public and private properties. • The City will continue to assess the water main and water delivery system and cooperate Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 181 with the lead agency, as possible. • The City would incorporate hazard mitigation improvements in the Water System Plan and Hazard Mitigation Plan, as appropriate. • The City will continue to include seismic retrofit concepts in its public education efforts. Drought • The City will continue to partner with the water purveyors within the corporate limits to research and compile water resource data, particularly in the aquifer recharge areas, as they are identified. • The City will continue to emphasize water conservation, particularly for times of drought. • The City will formulate a policy for water distribution for times of drought Tsunami • The City will participate in countywide workshops to educate the public about tsunamis and responses to those events. • The City will participate in countywide tsunami mitigation strategies, as funding is available. • The City will post appropriate tsunami informational signs if they are provided and comply with municipal codes. • The City will participate in a countywide public educational effort by distributing informational brochures. • The City will provide relevant and available information to Kitsap County GIS for its Kitsap County Shore zone Inventory. • The City will participate in the countywide transportation mapping effort by providing relevant and available information to Kitsap County. • If appropriate funding is available, the City would have a qualified person perform a geotechnical analysis of the water and sewer utilities within 50 feet of the shoreline. • The City will participate in tabletop training exercises involving large-size debris removal associated with a tsunami. • The City would participate in a countywide review of zoning and land-use rules as they relate to tsunamis. Multi-Hazards • The City will participate in a comprehensive all-risk road plan. • The City will provide relevant and available information for a countywide critical area hazard review. • If appropriate funding is available, the City will participate in countywide studies of Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 182 nontraditional areas of impacts. Multi-Hazard Public Education Programs • The City will enhance and support countywide public education programs for multi-hazard responses. • The City will support. on-going programs for countywide programs to include public participation in the planning effort. • The City will participate in a countywide critical risk area educational program. • If appropriate funding is available, the City will participate in a countywide public educational program. • The City will participate in public education programs. Fire Mitigation Studies • The fire authority for the City is Kitsap County Fire District #7, and the City has a close working relationship with the firefighting professionals and will continue to cooperate on joint ventures. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 183 City of Poulsbo Updates to the 2013 and 2019 Plans Strategy Implementation Time Remarks/Status Pursue seismic upgrades to equipment, infrastructure, and critical facilities Ongoing This strategy has been implemented to all City of Poulsbo infrastructure improvements. Costs TBD. Inspect and identify trees and other objects within falling distance of critical facilities to determine if they pose a hazard during a storm. Ongoing. Areas of improvement were identified and evaluated for future funding with the budget or as HMG funds were available. This strategy has been implemented. No changes. Port Orchard Mitigation Strategies 1) Poulsbo is incorporated into the following Kitsap County Mitigation strategies. a) Earthquake/Tsunami mitigation strategies 1, 3, 4 b) Landslide and Erosion mitigation strategies 1, 2 c) Tsunami mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 d) Wildfire and Urban Fire mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3 e) Flood mitigation strategies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 f) Severe Strom and Tornado mitigation strategies 1, 2 g) Drought mitigation strategies 1, 2 h) Mult hazard mitigation strategies 1 2) In addition to Port Orchards participation in the identified County Mitigation Strategies Port Orchard has the following jurisdictional specific mitigation strategies. 2024 Mitigation Strategies Poulsbo Mitigation Strategy 1 Pursue seismic upgrades to equipment, infrastructure, and critical facilities. Lead City of Poulsbo Engineering Support Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Priority High Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline Ongoing Implementation Cost To be determined as projects are authorized. Agency may pursue HMG funding and low-interest loans to complete projects. Benefit to Cost Beneficial to earthquake survivability Potential Funding Source Local Options & Discussion None Status Ongoing, In progress. This strategy has and continues to be implemented to all City of Poulsbo infrastructure improvements. Costs TBD. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 184 Poulsbo Mitigation Strategy 2 Inspect and identify trees and other objects within falling distance of critical facilities to determine if they pose a hazard during a storm. Lead City of Poulsbo Support Kitsap PUD #1 Category & Priority Cat II/High Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline Ongoing Implementation Cost $25,000 per year Benefit to Cost Reduces problem areas associated with significant wind and rain events. Potential Funding Source Local Options & Discussion Areas of improvement are identified and evaluated for future funding with the budget or as HMG funds are available. Status Ongoing, In progress. This strategy has been implemented and will continue to be implemented. Poulsbo Mitigation Strategy 3 Develop and implement projects to improve control of runoff and flooding. Lead City of Poulsbo Engineering Support City of Poulsbo Public Works Category & Priority Cat I/Medium Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline Based on the size of the project and availability of funds Implementation Cost $250,000 per year Benefit to Cost Reduces erosion and road/infrastructure maintenance Potential Funding Source Local, State Options & Discussion When funds are available. Status In progress. This strategy continues to be implemented. This is an ongoing project that is dependent on the size of projects and available funds. Poulsbo Mitigation Strategy 4 Improve citizen preparedness programs to include mitigating residential structures. Lead Kitsap County Emergency Management Support City of Poulsbo Category & Priority All Categories/High Probability of Occurrence High Implementation Timeline Ongoing Implementation Cost $10,000 per year Benefit to Cost Increase disaster preparedness and improve the ability for structures to weather a disaster Potential Funding Source Local Options & Discussion This project is ongoing and involves a continued effort to get neighborhoods involved in preparedness. The County DEM KPREP program for neighborhood and school preparedness has been widely used, but funds are needed to provide ongoing training and equipment for preparedness. Status Ongoing. Update for 2024 MHMP. This project is ongoing as the city continues to improve their efforts to get neighborhoods involved in preparedness. Multiple CERT courses have been offered in the city. The city continues to develop an increased CERT presence within the communities. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 185 This page intentionally left blank. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 186 Kitsap County Future Actions & Goals Summary The Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan and Identified Hazard Mitigation Program Strategies establish the framework within which the post-disaster and day-to-day mitigation activities of the community may be carried out on a prioritized and regional basis. The Plan is based upon the experience of the region through the input of the Hazard Mitigation and Recovery Team Steering Committee, the 2024 City and Special Purpose District Planning Partners, the Department of Emergency Management and the input of the community. This plan recognizes the varied conditions that exist and can be found throughout Kitsap County. No single mitigation strategy will effectively meet the needs of all of the communities. However, by embracing the regional coordinated approach and objectives found in this plan, Kitsap County can take significant strides toward the efficient and effective use of its resources to resolve and mitigate the community's identified hazards. One of the most important accomplishments of the Hazard Mitigation planning project was the process itself, where the participants shared information, resources, and methodologies – community-wide, for the benefit of reducing or eliminating risk to Critical Areas. Future Actions Kitsap County Emergency Management Council The Kitsap County Emergency Management Council will review and adopt portions of or all of the Hazard Mitigation Plan and Strategy Recommendations. • Each member of the Emergency Management Council will support and bring back to their individual political subdivisions, the recommendations adopted by the Council for implementation and coordination on a regional basis. • The Council will review and adopt, as necessary, the work of the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee on an annual basis. Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee The Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) will meet annually early in the 4th quarter, to review the progress made in the current year, on the identification of resources and implementation of the Hazard Mitigation strategies. It should also seek input on future unidentified Hazard Mitigation programs and strategies. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 187 1. The KCDEM PT&E officer, Operations officer, Public Information officer, and Administrative officer will perform annual reviews of the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan as needed by contacting and working with each Hazard Mitigation Strategy's Lead Agency to develop a progress report per funding and implementation of the strategies recommended in the current MHMP. 2. Review and document revisions and/or additions to the County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan and work to identify new, or revise existing, Hazard Mitigation strategies to be pursued within the county. 3. The PT&E officer, Operations officer, POI, and Administrative officer will meet annually with the Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee to provide a status update to the MHMP program. 4. The PT&E officer will submit an annual mitigation program status report to the Director in the fourth quarter, to present to the Emergency Management Council (1st quarter on the next calendar year). Long-Term Goals & Strategies Goal 1: Work towards the reduction of long-term risk to human life and property from identified hazards. Goal 2: Build capacity in the private and public sectors on the risks they may be exposed to and mitigation strategies they may use to reduce those risks Goal 3: Work towards reducing the risk of exposure to identified hazards. Goal 4: Work towards minimizing impacts of risks when they cannot be avoided. Goal 5: Work towards reducing the impacts of damage as a result of identified hazards. Goal 6: Work towards reducing negative impacts on the environment of mitigation strategies. Goal 7: Grows mitigation strategies from Local and regional planning activities. Capture and document local planning efforts and existing interagency group efforts to inform the mitigation planning process. Goal 8: Develop a funding matrix based on priorities for mitigation strategies and funding partners/donors’ priorities, agendas, themes, and conditions. Goal 9: Establish and document a process to accomplish annual Hazard Mitigation Plan updates based on quarterly requirements. Table 34: Long-Term Goals & Strategies. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 188 Appendix A: Participating City Profiles In this section, each jurisdiction is described, including its community assets at risk to hazards. Information is taken from the 2022 Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA). Assets are defined broadly to include anything that is important to the character and function of a community and can be described very generally in the following four categories: • People • Economy • Built environment • Natural environment • History of disasters • Hazard assessment, and impact for the jurisdiction • National Flood Insurance Plan Although all assets may be affected by hazards, some assets are more vulnerable because of their physical characteristics or socioeconomic uses. The profiles are presented in the following order: • Bainbridge Island • Bremerton • Poulsbo • Port Orchard B2-b. FOR EACH PARTICIPATING JURISDICTION, DOES THE PLAN DESCRIBE THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF EACH OF THE IDENTIFIED HAZARDS ON EACH PARTICIPATING JURISDICTION? Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 189 This page intentionally left blank. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 190 Bainbridge Island Bainbridge Island is located east of the main Kitsap peninsula, separated by Agate Passage to the north, the main body of Puget Sound to the east, Rich Passage Inlet to the south, and Port Orchard Bay to the west. The island is approximately five miles wide and ten miles long, encompassing nearly 17,778 acres, and is one of the larger islands in Puget Sound. Through island annexes in 1991, the City of Winslow, 2 miles square and with a little over 3,000 residents, grew to over 27 square miles and a population today of 24,681, making it the second-largest city in the County.9, 41, 4, 43, 44 As a non-charter code city, Bainbridge Island originally operated under a mayor / council form of government. The form of government has been changed following a May 19, 2009 vote in which a majority of islanders expressed a preference for the council / manager form of government. This form of government is regulated under the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 35A.13. The city manager reports to and is appointed by the City Council. The City Council's seven members are elected in non-partisan elections for four-year staggered terms. The Bainbridge Island City government provides services in the areas of Public Works, Planning and Community Development, Finance, Municipal Court, and Police41. Bainbridge Island has State, County, and municipal parks, in addition to shoreline access from many City-owned roads. There are golf courses, tennis courts, and youth playfields on the island. The City is also home to the Kids Discovery Museum and the Bainbridge Historical Museum. People Population Overview The island is characterized by professional, scientific employment, construction, and education. Many professionals transit daily to downtown Seattle. The City of Bainbridge Island is mostly rural with an urban center (formerly the City of Winslow) located at the ferry landing. Bainbridge Island Population Information33 Population Population Density Number of Households Median Household Income Under 65 with a Disability 24,681 (2022) 893.8 per sq. mi (2022) 9,580 (2022) $151,290 (2022) 8.6% (2022) Table 35: Bainbridge Island Population Information. Age Distribution The following figure shows the distribution of age on Bainbridge Island. Overall, the city’s population has a typical distribution with a slightly higher “baby boomer” group. There are several senior/assist facilities on the island, mostly located in the city’s urban center. The senior population has grown consistent with national trends. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 191 Figure 42: Age Distribution Bainbridge Island. Figure 43: Bainbridge Island Vulnerable Population. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 177 Bainbridge Island Population Density Figure 44: Bainbridge Island Population Density, © OpenStreetMap Contributors. Economy The city is primarily residential, with some commercial light manufacturing, recreation, agriculture, and open space. The principal economic base consists of retail outlets/offices, Bainbridge Island School District, and light industry.41, 44 Bainbridge Island has four centers of commerce and has become noted for its active online business community. Winslow is the downtown core and has most of the shopping and dining. Lynwood Center on the south end of the island has several restaurants and a small hotel. Centrally located, Fletcher Bay has a small grocery store and one restaurant. Rolling Bay, on the east side of the island, is a small commercial center with Bay Hay and Feed, the Bud Hawk Post Office, and several shops. There are over 2000 businesses licensed on Bainbridge Island, Table 34 shows the distribution of business licenses41. Figure 45: Business Licenses on Bainbridge Island.. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 193 Built Environment Land Use Land use on Bainbridge Island is primarily residential with some commercial, light manufacturing, recreation, agriculture, and open space70. Table 18 provides information on housing units on Bainbridge Island. As also noted in the table, most of the Island’s structures are recently built structures. Total building stock is 12,639 with 82 critical facilities. Critical facilities are those identified by the City as vital to emergency response and citizen safety and are part of Kitsap County’s Damage Assessment Program. Table 16 includes a list of facilities and their locations. Based on the 2015 Hazus risk assessment, the table below highlights some of the buildings in the City of Bainbridge that are in areas affected by flooding, tsunami, earthquake, and landslide. City of Bainbridge Areas of Mitigation Interest112 Community Building Name Address Building Value Loss Value Loss Ratio Hazard Type Single Family Home 10680 NE Gertie Johnson Road $730,460 $360,620 49% Flood Hyla Middle School 7861 NE Bucklin Hill Road $426,885 $388,360 91% Earthquake Single Family Home 5151 Crystal Springs Dr. NE $731,460 $533,965 73% Earthquake, Landslide Shopping Center/Mixed Retail 4569 Lynwood Center Rd. NE $3.49 million $3.45 million 96% Earthquake Table 36: City of Bainbridge Areas of Mitigation Interest. Housing Eleven percent of the City of Bainbridge’s buildings are located in the moderate-high liquefaction zone, with 3,082 of them built before modern building codes, increasing the risk of significant damage to an earthquake. It also has 177 buildings within the landslide zone, representing over $60M in value.113 Table 35 shows the number of occupied and unoccupied structures on the island. Figure 42 shows Bainbridge Islands housing occupancy by ownership and type of structure. Figure 42 also shows the age of structures on Bainbridge Island. Residential Structures33, 70 Type Estimate Percent Housing Occupancy Total housing units 10,639 100% Occupied housing units 9,958 93.6% Vacant housing units 681 6.4% Homeowner vacancy rate 7% Rental vacancy rate 0.0% Table 37: Bainbridge Island Housing / residential structures. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 194 fi Infrastructure Transportation, Communications, and Utilities Bainbridge Island is served by the Washington State Ferries system, which docks in the downtown Winslow area. State Route (SR) 305 connects the ferry terminal with SR 3 in Poulsbo9, 70. The island also has an extensive system of arterials, suburban, and local public streets. Kitsap Transit operates a commuter system in the City, which is coordinated with the ferry schedule; Kitsap Transit also offers a dial-a-ride service. There are several designated transit stops in Winslow, but, for the rest of the island, transit “stops” are generally wherever riders flag down buses on their routes. Bainbridge Island is connected to the Kitsap Peninsula by the Agate Pass Bridge, carrying SR 305 over Agate Passage. The Agate Pass Bridge, built in the 1950s, is the only fixed transportation route to the island. The island is not serviced by any other bridge and therefore must rely on maritime service should the bridge be damaged. The only other public way off of the island is by the Seattle–Bainbridge ferry, the Washington State Ferries service from the dock at Winslow in Eagle Harbor to Colman Dock (Pier 52) in Seattle9, 70. The City is provided electrical service by the City. The City provides sewer service to approximately 6,000 residents within two separate areas known as the Winslow Sewer Service Area and the South Island Sewer Service Area. Sewer District 7 operates the South Island wastewater treatment plant. The rest of the City is provided sewer service by on-site septic systems. The City provides water service to approximately 6,000 residents within four separate water service areas known as the Winslow, Rockaway Beach, Public Works, and Casey Street Water Systems. Residents are also provided water service by several other water systems operated by providers known as Kitsap Public Utilities District, Washington Water, and Northwest Water. There is also Figure 46: Bainbridge Island Units and Occupancy 2023. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 195 a multitude of smaller water systems and individual wells operated by homeowners’ associations and individuals who serve the remaining residents in the city. Critical Facilities A list of critical City-owned and non-City-owned facilities can be found at the end of this section in Table 38. Critical City-owned facilities include: • City Hall • Public Works facilities • Police station • Fire Stations • Main wastewater treatment facility • Reservoir facilities at High School Road, Old Creosote Road, and Knechtel and Grand • Well fields at the Head of the Bay, Fletcher Bay, and Rockaway Beach • 17 sewage pumps stations Critical non-City-owned facilities include: • Agate Pass bridge and Winslow Ferry Terminal • Five elementary schools • Three middle/intermediate schools • Two high schools • Three alternate schools • Four medical centers • Senior assistance centers • Various parks and a nature preserve Cultural Resources The City of Bainbridge Island has seven historic properties registered with the federal register and 35 historic properties registered with the local historic register. There are 19 heritage trees on the island.114 The island has two museums: Kids Discovery Museum (KiDiMu) and the Bainbridge Island Historical Museum.70, 72 The island is also home to the Japanese American Exclusion Memorial, an outdoor exhibit commemorating the internment of Japanese Americans from Bainbridge Island in the state of Washington. Bainbridge Island also has several parks, learning centers, religious centers, and a nature preserve. Table 38 below includes some of the most critical cultural facilities. Bainbridge Island Critical Facilities # Name Address Description City-Owned 1 City Hall 280 Madison Ave City Hall 2 Police Department 625 Winslow Way East Police Department 3 Fire Department 8895 Madison Ave NE Fire Department Station 21 - Headquarters 4 Fire Department 7934 NE Bucklin Hill Road Fire Department Station 22 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 196 5 Fire Department 12985 Phelps Road Fire Department Station 23 6 Senior Center/Commons Water Front Park Senior Center/Commons 7 Public Works Facility 7305 Hidden Cove Road Public Works Facility 8 Municipal Court 10255 NE Valley RD Municipal Court 9 Head of Bay Well Site 7290 Wyatt Way Wells, treatment, booster pumps 10 Sands Avenue Well Site 8499 Sands Avenue NE Wells, treatment, booster pumps 11 Fletcher Bay Well Site 5579 N.E. Foster Road Well, treatment, booster pump 12 Commodore Well Site Well, treatment, booster pumps 13 1.0 Million Gallon Reservoir 1755 Lewis Place NW 1,000,000 gal above ground tank 14 1.5 Million Gallon Reservoir 1755 Lewis Place NW 1,500,000 gal above ground tank 15 Grand Avenue Reservoir Cherry Avenue 300,000 gal above ground tank 16 Rockaway Reservoir 1100 Old Creosote Road 132,000 gal above ground tank 17 Rockaway Treatment Facility 1100 Old Creosote Road Treatment 18 Rockaway Taylor Avenue Well Taylor Avenue Well 19 Erickson Avenue PRV Ericsen and Wyatt Underground PRV station 20 Cherry Avenue PRV 851 Cherry Avenue Underground PRV station 21 Grow Avenue PRV Grow and Wyatt Underground PRV station 22 Madison/Knechtel PRV Madison and Knechtel Underground PRV station 23 Weaver PRV Weaver between HS & Wyatt Underground PRV station 24 Madison Avenue PRV Madison and Madrona Underground PRV station 25 Ferncliff Avenue PRV Ferncliff and Wing Point Underground PRV station 26 Cave Avenue PRV Cave Avenue Underground PRV station 27 Highway 305 South 400 Harborview Drive SE Dry pit pump station 28 Island Terrace 1174 Ferncliff Avenue NE Dry pit pump station 29 Klickitat 692 Klickitat Place NE Dry pit pump station 30 Lower Hawley 1195 Irene Place NE Dry pit pump station 31 Lower Lovell 426 Lovell Avenue SW Dry pit pump station 32 Lynwood Center 4573 Point White Drive NE Wet pit pump station 33 North Town Woods 9665 NE North Town Loop Dry pit pump station 34 Old Treatment Plant 310 Madison Avenue S Dry pit pump station 35 Sunday Cove 691 Winslow Way West Dry pit pump station 36 Village 920 Hildebrand Lance NE Dry pit pump station 37 Wing Point 6481 Wing Point Drive NE Dry pit pump station 38 Sakai Village 1879 Sakai Loop Wet pit pump station 39 Ferry Terminal Olympic Drive Wet pit pump station 40 Rockaway 3900 Rockaway Beach Road Wet pit pump station 41 Vineyard Lane 682 State Highway 305 Wet pit pump station 42 Woodward School 9125 N.E. Sportsman Club Wet pit pump station 43 Madrona Madison and New Brooklyn Wet pit pump station 44 Wastewater Treatment Plant 1220 Donald Place Wastewater treatment facilities 45 Vincent Road Landfill 6400 Don Palmer Avenue Closed landfill 46 Stormwater Decant Facility 6401 Don Palmer Avenue Stormwater spoils handling facility 47 Fort Ward Wastewater Treatment Plant 1220 Donald Pl NE Wastewater Treatment Plant Non-City Owned 48 Agate Pass Bridge Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 Agate Pass Bridge 49 Winslow Ferry Terminal Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 Winslow Ferry Terminal Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 197 50 Washington State Ferry Maintenance Yard Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 Washington State Ferry Maintenance Yard 51 Blakey Elementary School 4704 Blakely Ave NE Elementary School 52 The Island School 8553 NE Day Rd Elementary School 53 Montessori Country School 10994 Arrow Point Dr. NE, Elementary School 54 Ordway Elementary School 8555 Madison Ave NE Elementary School 55 Wilkes Elementary School 12781 N Madison Ave NE Elementary School 56 Sakai Intermediate School 9343 Sportsman Club Rd NE Intermediate School 57 HYLA Middle School 7861 Bucklin Hill Rd NE Middle School 58 Woodward Middle School 9125 Sportsman Club Rd Middle School 59 Bainbridge High School 9330 High School Rd High School 60 Eagle Harbor High School 9530 NE High School Rd High School 61 Commodore Options School 9530 High School Rd Options School 62 Madrona School 219 Madison Ave S School 63 St. Cecilia Catholic School 1310 Madison Ave N Catholic School 64 Swedish Primary Care - Bainbridge Island 945 Hildebrand Ln NE Suite 100 Medical Center 65 Virginia Mason Medical 1344 Wintergreen Lane Northeast Medical Center 66 CHI Franciscan/City MD 1344 Wintergreen Lane Northeast Suite 100 Medical – Urgent Care 67 Bainbridge Island Health and Rehabilitation 835 Madison Ave N Island Health and Rehabilitation 68 Bainbridge Island Historical Museum 215 Ericksen Ave NE Historical Museum 69 Kitsap Regional Library – Bainbridge Branch 1270 Madison Ave N Regional Library 70 Madrona House 8800 Madison Ave N Senior Living 71 Winslow Manor 234 Wood Ave SW Senior Living 72 Wyatt House 186 Wyatt Way NW Senior Living 73 Island Wood 4450 Blakely Ave NE Learning Center 74 Bloedel Reserve 7571 NE Dolphin Dr Nature Reserve 75 Island Church 9624 Sportsman Club Rd Church 76 Battle Point Park 11299 Arrow Point Dr. NE Park 77 Ft. Ward Park 2241 Pleasant Beach Dr. NE Park 78 Hubs (shelter) Locations Various Hubs (shelter) Locations 79 Two high power transmission lines across Agate Pass Agate Pass Bridge Two high power transmission lines across Agate Pass 80 Port Madison PSE Sub- stations N/A PSE Substation 81 Winslow PSE Sub-stations N/A PSE Substation 82 Murden Cove PSE Sub- stations N/A PSE Substation Table 38: Bainbridge Island Critical Facilities. Future Development The City of Bainbridge Island has been undertaking its Comprehensive Plan Update in accordance with the Washington State Growth Management Act (GMA) governed by RCW 36.70A. Comprehensive Plans establish the vision for how a community wishes to grow and the features it wishes to preserve for the next 20 years70, 71. The plan can be found here: https://www.bainbridgewa.gov/615/Navigate-Bainbridge-Comprehensive-Plan-U. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 198 From 2009 through 2018, a new supply of residential units, of all types, has been limited. In April of 2009, there were 10,469 units on Bainbridge Island70, 71. In April of 2018, there were 11,061 units. This translates into an average growth of 66 residential units per year70, 71. This represents a cumulative annual growth rate of .63 percent per year (less than 1 percent per year). This limited supply on Bainbridge Island is well below demand in a way that increases housing costs. A handful of projects are planned along the Madison Avenue corridor over the next few years. Housing projects abound along the roadway, and the city is planning to make some improvements to the road’s intersection with Wyatt Way in the coming years. The city’s plans include sidewalk and bicycle lanes along a portion of Wyatt Way. Natural Environment Bainbridge Island shorelines border the main body of Puget Sound, a large, protected embayment, Port Orchard Bay, and two high-current tidal passages, Rich Passage and Agate Pass. The Island is characterized by an irregular coastline of approximately 53 miles, with numerous bays and inlets and a significant diversity of other coastal landforms, including spits, bluffs, dunes, lagoons, cuspate forelands, tide flats, streams, tidal deltas, islands, and rocky outcrops. The highest point is 425-foot Toe Jam Hill71. The topography is generally of low rolling hills with several ridges oriented mostly north to south at 250 to 300 feet elevation42. The waters of Puget Sound surround Bainbridge Island. There are numerous streams and creeks, in addition to Gazzam Lake, a year-round freshwater lake. Environmentally sensitive areas on Bainbridge Island include wetlands, aquifer recharge areas, geologically hazardous areas, continuous and seasonal streams and waters including the waters of Puget Sound, and fish and wildlife habitat. There are over 170 documented wetlands, although more exist that are unmapped. The following figure illustrates the topography of the Island, noting the rolling hills and valleys of Bainbridge Island10. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 199 Figure 47: Topography of Bainbridge Island. History of Disasters Bainbridge Island, through recent studies, shows historical signs of past earthquakes. The island is obviously vulnerable to earthquakes, but also tsunamis and landslides. Table 39 outlines the history of events on Bainbridge Island94. As noted in the last 10 years, Bainbridge Island has been mostly affected by severe winter storms, most of which were not serious enough to reach the Public Assistance (PA) threshold for federal assistance. Event Date Type of Event Declaration Comments Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 200 December 2022 King Tides, Low Atmospheric pressure No Did not meet the PA Threshold 2020 2 Biological Disasters Federal Declaration COVID and MPOX February 2019 Severe winter storm Local, State, Federal Local PA threshold not met. Local SBA declaration. December 2018 Severe Winter Storms - Tornado Local, State, Federal Local Public Assistance threshold not met. December 2018 Wind and rain No Did not meet PA threshold January- February 2017 Snow, heavy rain, wind State No assistance December 2015 Wind and rain No November 2015 Wind and rain State No assistance August 2015 Wind and rain No November 2012 Heavy rain No December 2010 Heavy rain No Dec 2008 Severe wind and rain Local No assistance Dec 2007 Severe wind and rain Local, State, and Federal Yes Jan 2006 Severe wind and rain Local Did not meet PA threshold Dec 2006 Severe wind and rain Local Did not meet PA Threshold Oct 2003 Severe wind and rain Local, state, and Federal Local PA Threshold not met. IA paid out Jan 2002 Severe wind and rain Local and State State Only; presidential denied Feb 2001 Nisqually Earthquake Local, state, and Federal YES June 1997 Rolling Bay mudslide Local No assistance Dec 1996 Severe rain and snow runoff storm Local, State, and Federal Yes Nov 1995 Severe wind and rain Local, State, and Federal Local PA threshold not met Jan 1993 Severe wind and rain Local, State and Federal No record on file Jan 1992 Severe wind and rain Local No assistance Dec 1990 Severe wind and rain Local, State and Federal Yes Dec 1982 Severe wind and rain Local No assistance May 1965 Earthquake Local, state, and Federal No record on file Oct 1962 Severe wind and rain Local, state and Federal No record on file Table 39: Emergency/Disaster History for Bainbridge Island. Mitigation Planning Risk Assessment Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 201 The Kitsap County Profile Section of this plan provides a thorough assessment of hazards associated with Kitsap County and its incorporated cities. Although each city is affected differently, risks significant to the City of Bainbridge Island are floods, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and winter storms. The Kitsap County Profile Section provides a synopsis of the County and cities, while this profile provides additional information specific to Bainbridge Island. Rating System The rating system for the City of Bainbridge Island is consistent with the general plan. A rating for each hazard is defined as high, moderate, and low based on the information provided in The Planning Process Section to this plan. Additional ratings are applied for priority mitigation strategies and Cost analysis. Overview As noted earlier, the City of Bainbridge Island has a history of severe storms, landslides, and earthquakes. These vulnerabilities can cause serious damage and isolate the island should the Agate Pass Bridge become impassable. Although other alternatives are possible, mitigation strategies can provide improvement to the city infrastructure and minimize the loss of life from such events. Major east/west fault lines in the Puget Sound Region intercept the southern end of the Island. Bainbridge Island is also vulnerable to potential inland and ocean tsunamis depending on the earthquake magnitude and location. The City of Bainbridge Island contributes and uses the County Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment (HIVA) to set priorities on natural hazardous events. Although annually the City is hit by severe winter storms, the greatest threat to Bainbridge Island is an earthquake and potentially associated tsunami. This catastrophic event, possibly along the Seattle fault, would cause significant damage to the island and possibly isolate the City from the mainland. Integrated Planning Process As noted in the basic MHMP Plan Update, the City of Bainbridge Island assigned personnel to the mitigation plan update and through the planning update process were assigned to the Multi- Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee. Personnel also attended monthly Planning Committee webinar conference calls as well as completed the HIVA and MHMP RFI Trackers, reviewed drafts of the document, and communicated via emails and one-on-one discussions.. Additionally, The City solicited for inputs from City Departments, City Council, and the citizens of Bainbridge Island. Every effort should be afforded to incorporate mitigation strategies into city ordinances and plans where appropriate. The mitigation plan and its strategies should be reviewed when other plans are up for revision. As noted below, each plan provides mitigation strategies for capital improvement and land use. Plans and Ordinances In an effort to maximize hazard mitigation planning, the following city plans are used to support and mandate mitigation efforts throughout the city: 1. Comprehensive Land Use Plan The plan guides the growth and long-range vision of the community towards it’s five overriding principals listed below. a. Preserve the special character of the Island. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 202 b. Protect fragile water resources. c. Foster diversity. d. Consider costs and benefits to property owners when making land-use decisions. e. Promote sustainable development. The Comprehensive Plan also includes a Land Use Map linked to the land use and environmental policies that establish areas of the City for residential, commercial, industrial, and other land uses. 2. Zoning Ordinances Changes and updates to Zoning Ordinances are the responsibility of Planning and Community Development. Its mission to coordinate and manage land use activity. Mitigates again building in hazardous locations 3. Critical Areas Ordinances (includes flood damage prevention and geologically hazardous areas provisions). This ordinance defines critical areas (wetlands, areas of critical recharging effect on aquifers used for water, fish, and wildlife habit.) as required by the Growth Management Act. This ordinance regulates, protects and defines these Areas under Bainbridge Island Municipal Code Section 16.20. it prohibits developments in ecologically sensitive areas or adjacent to sensitive areas that may be affected by hazards from those sites. 4. Capital Facilities Plan This 6-year plan approved in 2024 identifies and prioritizes Parks, Opens Spaces and Shoreline Improvements and mitigation between 2024 and 2029. It is part of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan required by the Growth Management Act. Effective use of lands to mitigate developments in flood zones and areas associated with natural or manmade hazards. 5. Surface and Storm Water Management Plan and Ordinance The SSWMP divides the duties and responsibilities into four areas Regulatory Program Activities, Local Storm Water Activities, Program Overhead & CID and Equipment and Technical Memos. This 5-year Plan defines staffing, funding, and mitigation goals. Mitigates runoff from roads and potential damage from winter-storm or flooding. Mitigates run off of hazardous materials into ecological sensitive systems. 6. International Building and Fire Codes Establish codes and regulations for building structures for safe occupancy. Mitigates against accidents and natural or human-made causes. 7. Bainbridge Island Municipal Code These plans and policies regulate the infrastructure, environment, and building codes for the City of Bainbridge Islands. The city follows these codes to mitigate potential damage Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 203 during catastrophic events. Mitigate seismic events and other hazards through building structures to withstand or minimize the effects of these hazards. Hazard Assessments Flooding Probability of Occurrence: High Bainbridge Island is prone to some flooding, mostly due to significant rainfall. The Island does not have any significant rivers or streams but does have rolling hills and lowlands susceptible to urban flooding. Comprehensive land management has helped in years to reduce urban flooding. Changes to the National Flood Insurance Program and coastal studies have defined changes to shoreline management aiding building codes and regulations. Some areas are coastal, but all inland areas are remote with no critical facilities affected and minimal residential housing. The City of Bainbridge has the largest number of buildings in the SFHA (1-percent-annual-chance flood zone) and has the highest loss ratio which compares the losses due to flooding to the overall building value within the community. Not all of the buildings within the floodplain experience damage due to the level of flooding as well as current floodplain regulations. In addition, the number of buildings is highlighted, which are located in the 1-percent-annual-chance flood zone.116 In conclusion, it is anticipated that every 10 years, Bainbridge Island may experience severe storms enough to cause flooding and possibly Landslide resulting in private and public losses. Bainbridge Island has been modernizing its stormwater systems to mitigate urban flooding throughout the Island. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) The City of Winslow entered the Emergency Program on August 14, 1975, then converted to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) effective February 5, 1986. The Island was incorporated in 1991 and became the City of Bainbridge Island with an NFIP Effective Date of March 1, 1991. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in 2004. During this Community Assistance Visit (CAV) the summarized findings from the CAV included the need for an amendment to the City’s flood chapter 15.16, preparation of procedures to implement Chapter 15.16, and additional information on eleven specific cases that were cited in their fieldwork. As of February 2005, all these items were cleared, and our CAV was closed. In 2019, the City updated the Flood Damage Protection Ordinance (FDPO) to update the requirements for FEMA compliance related to the NFIP. The City has also been involved with a Community Assistance Visit (CAV) process as FEMA has audited for compliance measures of the City’s Flood Ordinance as adopted. The City continues to enforce regulations related to our FDPO and compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) related to the potential for flooding events. Table 40 identifies Bainbridge Island’s special flood hazards area assessment noting the number of buildings in the area and the 1% loss estimates. More NFIP information can be found in the Kitsap County Profile section. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 204 Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment for Bainbridge Island42, 43 Total Estimated Building Value Percentage of Buildings in the Special Flood Hazard Area Building Dollar Loss For a 1% Annual Chance Flood Event Loss Ratio (Dollar Losses/Total Building Value) Number of Buildings in Zones AE, A Number of Buildings in Zone VE $3.8 Billion 1.5% $5.26 Million 1.4% 136 8 Note: Loss information is included for communities in the coastal floodplain. The table includes both dollar losses and a loss ratio, which is calculated as total losses/total building value. Also included is a count of the buildings in Zone VE, which is the 1-percent-annual-chance coastal flood zone with wave action, and in Zones A and AE, which are riverine or coastal 1-percent-annual-chance floodplains. The loss information for the county is only for coastal SFHAs; the rest of the county’s SFHAs are identified as Zones AE or A. Table 40: Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment for Bainbridge Island. Figure 48 shows building damage percentage (Loss Ratio) and Figure 49 show Flood Zones for the City of Bainbridge Island. Figure 48: Building Damage Percentage (Loss Ratio) for Bainbridge Island. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 205 Figure 49: Flood Zones: Bainbridge Island. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 206 Figure 50: Streams and Surface Water, City of Bainbridge Island, (Kitsap County GIS Department). Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 207 Severe Storms/Tornados Probability of Occurrence: High The City of Bainbridge Island is vulnerable to severe weather, typically in the winter months13, 1494. High winds, significant rainfall, and snow can cause some urban flooding as well as damage from falling trees and the potential for landslides due to saturated soils. This can result in loss of life, damage to homes, and significant power outages. Although earthquakes have the potential for significant damage and loss of life, severe storms are annual occurrences, and any mitigation can also minimize the loss of life and damage from other hazards. Severe storms affect the entire City of Bainbridge Island. Although the island does not have any major rivers or contributories, urban flooding form over-taxed stormwater systems can cause damage to residential and retail outlets94. The Island is heavily wooded with significant old-growth timber. The location of the island is ideal for being in the Puget Sound convergent zones during significant weather events and vulnerable to strong winds as weather fronts move over the Olympic Mountains. This results in falling trees and significant power outages. Over the past couple of years, the City of Bainbridge Island and Puget Sound Energy have been working to reduce the number and length of power outages on the Island. Additionally, community programs have been established to reduce power consumption. 100% of the island has the potential for damage and loss of life from severe storms. More information on severe storms/tornados can be found in the Severe Storms/Tornados Mitigation Strategies section. Landslides & Erosion Probability of Occurrence: High The City of Bainbridge Island is vulnerable to landslides and erosion, 5, 11 as identified in Figure 51, with mostly coastal cliffs potentially vulnerable during an earthquake or significant rainfall when the ground is saturated. Previous LIDAR studies noted numerous areas on the Island that are vulnerable to landslides. The City of Bainbridge Island has 27 known areas that have the potential to slide based on USGS LIDAR studies5, 11. These areas are known to City Planners. Additional studies of building stock located in these areas will be conducted in the future. Initial estimates define residential stock in these locations and critical facilities. Long term mitigation efforts include restrictions on developing these areas for use, while in the short term, areas are monitored by Public Works during significant weather events. Bainbridge Island also contains a significant number of buildings that are exposed to the effects of landslides. Several landslides have affected Kitsap County over the last 20 years, causing deaths, injury, damage to properties, and loss of land use. The following accounts were documented by McKenna and others (2008). Several landslides were triggered by storms throughout the winter of 1996-199794, 95. One of these storm events caused a landslide in the Rolling Bay area of Bainbridge Island, which forced a house off its foundation and down a hill into Puget Sound. Several other landslides severely damage homes, roads, 17 and utilities along the bluffs of Bainbridge Island. One of these events resulted in the death of a family of four and destroyed millions of dollars of both public and private property. This deadly landslide demonstrates the unpredictability and destructiveness of landslides in Kitsap County. The scar of the slide was nearly 15 meters wide and 15 to 20 meters high. While assessing the damage from this incident, the USGS also observed numerous other scars from many previous landslides that occurred on the steep bluffs of Bainbridge Island. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 208 Building Exposure to Landslides118 Community Buildings within Landslide Zone Building Value with Landslide Zone Bainbridge Island 177 $55 Million Table 50: Building Exposure to Landslides Figure 51: LIDAR Data on Landslide: Bainbridge Island (USGS). Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 209 Earthquakes Probability of Occurrence: High All communities in Kitsap County would be affected if a Seattle Fault event were to occur. The Cities of Bainbridge Island and Port Orchard have the largest percentage of buildings located in the moderate-high liquefaction zone, while unincorporated areas of the county have the highest total number of buildings located in these zones5. Bainbridge Island is affected by known faults including the east/west Seattle Fault. Earthquake modeling shows Bainbridge vulnerable to numerous Puget Sound faults should there be an earthquake. A significant Puget Sound earthquake could potentially cause significant damage to the Island, including isolation to the mainland should the Agate Pass Bridge be lost. This includes the possibility of Landslides, infrastructure damage, and transportation disruptions. Although the Island has very few older structures and the majority of the island is wood structures. Some areas are vulnerable to liquefaction, including the urban downtown formerly the city of Winslow. The entire population and building stock are potentially at risk of damage from an earthquake depending on the size and location of the event5, 16. Bainbridge Island contains a substantial number of buildings that would experience building loss ratios of greater than 25 percent during an earthquake event of 7.2 magnitude, table 41 below shows the data related to buildings pre and post 1975 building code, table 42 shows the estimated dollar value for these units. Bainbridge Island has the third-highest average building loss ratio of 34 percent after the City of Bremerton at 45 percent and Port Orchard at 39 percent41, 70. Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building on Bainbridge Island Community Number of Pre- Code Buildings (before 1975) Percent Pre-Code Buildings Number of Moderate Code Buildings (after 1975) Percent of Moderate Code Buildings Bainbridge Island 3,082 34% 6,012 66% Note: Pre-code buildings are those that are built prior to 1975. Moderate code are those built after 1975. These dates were chosen based on when the seismic provisions were incorporated into the building code statewide which was 1975. Please note that the analysis in Hazus used the following dates: Pre - code are any buildings prior to 1941. Moderate Code were any buildings after 1941, which is the default Hazus methodology. Please refer to the appendix for additional information. Table 41: Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Bainbridge Island. Earthquakes continue to be the number one priority for mitigation strategies due to the significant losses that may occur during an event. Ongoing land use and building regulation help manage vulnerability to earthquakes. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 210 Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake Bainbridge Island122 Community Total Estimated Building Value Total Number of Buildings Number of Buildings in the Moderate- High Liquefaction Zone Percentage of Buildings in the Moderate- High Liquefaction Zone Building Dollar Loss for a Seattle 7.2 Event Loss Ratio (Dollar Losses/Total Building Value) Bainbridge Island $3.8 Billion 9,094 384 4% $785 Million 21% Table 42: Estimated dollar value for damages from a M7.2 Seattle Fault Earthquake, Bainbridge Island. Note: The above table shows the estimated total building value by community, total number of buildings by community, total number of buildings within the moderated to high liquefaction zone, and percentage of buildings within the moderate to high liquefaction zone. In addition, building losses are reported for a Seattle Fault 7.2 magnitude event as well as a loss ratio. A loss ratio is calculated by dividing the dollar loss by the total building value. The loss values are for building losses only; additional damages to infrastructure and building contents are not captured in this table. *Information from the military base was not included in the assessment for the City of Bremerton. **No building data was available for the Port Gamble S’Klallam Indian Reservation from Kitsap County, so the results are shown as unknown. Figure 52: Liquefaction on Bainbridge Island. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 211 Tsunamis & High Waves Probability of Occurrence: Moderate The City of Bainbridge Island is susceptible to tsunamis depending on the magnitude and location of any given earthquake5, 16, 41, 44, 48. In recent years, USGS and other organizations have studied locations throughout the Puget Sound Region to better define the impact of tsunamis in the region. The USGS and the National Weather Service have installed a warning system to warn the public of a potential tsunami and reduce the risk of loss of life. Warning systems are our best bet to save lives, but due to the short time to respond, may not be able to mitigate the loss of life. An ocean generated tsunami significant enough to travel the length of the Strait of Juan De Fuca’s inland may generate a wave that will cause damage to coastlines. On the other hand, an inland tsunami from a large magnitude earthquake in the Puget Sound would have devastating effects on the City’s urban center5, 16, 41, 44, 48, 70. Bainbridge Island is vulnerable to subduction as well as to fracture faults. The Island lies within Seismic Risk Zone 3, which requires buildings to be designed to withstand major earthquakes measuring 7.5 in magnitude5, 16, 41, 44, 48. It is anticipated, however, that earthquakes caused from subduction plate stress in the region could reach a magnitude greater than 8.0. The Seattle fault is recognized as a significant seismic hazard; evidence has indicated that it was the cause of a major 7.0 magnitude earthquake approximately 1,100 years ago 94, 95. The potential effects of a comparable 7.2 magnitude earthquake were modeled for the Seattle Fault zone by the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (WADNR). The scenario predicts that thousands of injuries and fatalities would occur throughout the region, and thousands of buildings would collapse or be in imminent danger of collapse. The Seattle Fault cuts across Puget Sound (through Seattle and Bainbridge Island) and can create a tsunami that affects the island immediately. The northern portion of the island subsides, increasing the level of flooding in Eagle Harbor and other coastal regions to the north. The southern portion of the island is uplifted, and very little inundation is observed in these regions. However, very strong currents are observed in many locations all around the island; see Figures 17, and 29. Other potential sources have not been considered in this study. In particular the smaller Seattle Fault event SF-S that has been used in some past tsunami studies in Puget Sound was found to have negligible impact and was not modeled in detail. Several other fault zones cross Puget Sound, but potential sources from these faults have not been considered in the WA DNR and WSU studies. Drought Probability of Occurrence: Low Drought is most likely to affect the entire county. Hazard assessment information on drought can be found in the Drought Mitigation Strategies section. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 212 City of Bainbridge Island (COBI) Asset Profile Location COBI Facilities (Critical Facilities: High, Medium and Low) Zip Code Prop. Value Contents Year Built Type of Construction Stories Square Footage Type of Protection Critical Facility (Yes/No) 280 Madison Ave, Bainbridge Island, WA City Hall (High) 98110 $ 2,461,605 $10,906,441 1999 Wood 2 19,051 ft2 Alarm System Yes 1220 Donald Place, Bainbridge Island, WA Wastewater Treatment Plant 98110 $ 425,640 $13,000,000 2009 Cinderblock 1 12,000 ft2 Intrusion Alarm, Fenced Yes Bainbridge Island, WA Fletcher Bay Pump Station 98110 $ 90,000 $ 300,000 1977 Wood 1 475 ft2 Intrusion Alarm, Fenced Yes Bainbridge Island, WA Sands Ave Pump Station 98110 $ 82,860 $ 1,361,014 1988 Wood 1 390 ft2 Intrusion Alarm, Fenced Yes Bainbridge Island, WA Head of the Bay Pump Station 98110 $ 118,480 $ 270,983 1970 Wood 1 651 ft2 Intrusion Alarm, Fenced Yes Bainbridge Island, WA Taylor Ave Pump Station 98110 $ 872,930 1994 Cinderblock 1 247 ft2 Intrusion Alarm, Fenced Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 213 Bainbridge Island, WA Grand Ave Tank 98110 $ 43,045 $ 126,817 1979 Steel Fenced Yes Bainbridge Island, WA High School Tank 98110 Leased $ 529,216 1990 Steel Fenced Yes Bainbridge Island, WA High School Tank 98110 Leased $ 303,528 1977 Steel Fenced Yes Bainbridge Island, WA Commodore Pump Station 98110 Leased $ 731,000 1995 Cinderblock 1 260 ft2 Intrusion Alarm Yes Bainbridge Island, WA Creosote Rd Tank 98110 $ 500,000 1995 Concrete, Cinderblock BLD has intrusion Alarm Yes Bainbridge Island, WA Public Works Yard 98110 $ 1,471,516 $ 2,928,540 1998 Steel, T1-11 2 3,426 ft2 Gate Yes Water Front Park, Bainbridge Island, WA Senior Center/Commons/ Health District (Medium) 98110 $ 110,240 $ 482,274 1996 Wood 1 5,640 ft2 Alarm System Yes Bainbridge Island, WA Telemetry Building 98110 $ 119,700 $ 183,000 Steel, T1-11 1 190 ft2 Gate Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 214 Bainbridge Island, WA Weaver RD Pump Station 98110 $ 105,520 $ 50,000 1950’ s Wood 1 153 ft2 None No 10255 NE Valley RD, Bainbridge Island, WA Municipal Court 98110 Leased Leased Wood 1 2,362 ft2 None Yes TOTAL $ 8,002,336 $33,490,423 Table 43: City of Bainbridge Island (COBI) Asset Profile. 215 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Bremerton The City of Bremerton lies east of the Olympic Mountains directly across Puget Sound from Seattle. For over a century, Bremerton has been the home to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard that continues to service U.S. Navy ships and its 9,000 civilians and many active-duty personnel5, 16, 41, 44, 48. The City was incorporated on October 14, 1901 and operates as a charter city with a Mayor/Council form of government71. The current form of government was established by a 1983 charter that eliminated a decade old city commission composed of a mayor, public works commissioner and finance commissioner. Each member of the Kitsap County Board of Commissioners represents a portion of the city of Bremerton. The City’s downtown core underwent a comprehensive revitalization with the building of a new conference center, parking garage, hotel on the waterfront, and a public safety and headquarters fire station. People Population Overview The population of the City of Bremerton is 43,983, table 44 shows Bremerton’s population and population data.,123 making it the largest city in Kitsap County. during the day Bremerton’s population swells with another 9,000 employees coming in to work at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and support organizations. This population is expected to increase by of 13,000 – 15,000 by end of year 2025. 5, 16, 41, 44, 48 Age Distribution, Vulnerable Population, and Population Density Figure 53 shows the distribution of age in Bremerton, figure 54 identifies The City’s vulnerable populations, and figure 55 shows a graphic of The City’s population density5, 9, 35. The senior population has grown consistent with statistics nationwide34. Bremerton Population Information5, 9, 35 Population Population Density Number of Households Median Household Income Under 65 with a Disability 43,983 (2022) 1,547 per sq. mi (2022) 17,740 (2022) $68,556 (2022) 15.6% (2022) Table 44: Bremerton Population Information. 216 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Figure 53: Bremerton Population Distribution. Figure 54: Bremerton's vulnerable populations. 217 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Economy Business and industry are mostly composed of retail and service-oriented organizations like the Bremerton Conference Center. The city also includes contractors that support the Shipyard and is the primary county hub for medical and health services, including Virgina Mason Franciscan Medical Center’s Northwest Washington Family Medicine Residency center71. Built Environment Existing Structures 80% of Bremerton’s structures were built before modern building codes, increasing the risk of significant damage during an earthquake. Bremerton has 312 buildings in the Special Flood Hazard Area, representing $8.2M in loss after a 1- percent annual chance flood.37, 38 Based on the 2015 Hazus risk assessment, the table below highlights some of the buildings in Bremerton that are affected by flooding, tsunami, earthquake, and landslide. Land Use Land use in Bremerton includes residential, commercial, industrial, and open space. The city includes the Bremerton School District and Olympic College5, 71. City of Bremerton Areas of Mitigation Interest71 Community Building Name Address Building Value Loss Value Loss Ratio Hazard Type Bremerton Post Office 602 Pacific Ave. Bremerton $461,360 $440,920 96% Earthquake Kitsap Regional Library 612 5th St. Bremerton $1.6 Million $1.54 Million 96% Earthquake Bremerton High School (Multiple buildings) 1313 Ohio Ave. Bremerton $14.02 million $8.5 million 61% Earthquake Fire Station #2 Bremerton 5005 Kitsap Way $639,480 $390.082 61% Earthquake Table 45: City of Bremerton Areas of Mitigation Interest. Figure 55: Bremerton Population Density. 218 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Housing The following table shows housing units in the city of Bremerton, which represent a high density of older homes that were built pre-earthquake code requirements. A relatively large number of units were built earlier than 19491, 71, 32, 35. Residential Structures1, 9 Type Estimate Percent Housing Occupancy Total housing units 18,930 100% Occupied housing units 17,794 94.0% Vacant housing units 2,025 10.9% Homeowner vacancy rate (6%) Rental vacancy rate (1.2%) Table 46: Bremerton Housing Characteristics 2020-2024 (US Census, 2022). Figure 56: Housing units and Occupancy rates, Bremerton 2023. Infrastructure Transportation, Communications, and Utilities The City of Bremerton is serviced by numerous State Routes including SR 3, Kitsap Way, and Hwy 303 to the east. The city has two bridges (Manette and Warren Ave) that connect East and West Bremerton9, 71. The city also has ferry service via Washington State Ferries to downtown Seattle and local service to Port Orchard. Bremerton is connected to downtown Seattle by two ferries: a 60-minute ferry that carries both vehicles and walk-on passengers, and a 28-minute fast ferry that takes passengers and a limited number of bicycles. City Infrastructure The city has many government and non-government structures, including libraries, dams, medical and health facilities, and City and County government buildings. 219 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Critical Facilities Critical structures include: 1. The Norm Dicks Building, housing City government and Kitsap Public Health 2. Public Works campus 3. Olympic College 4. Bremerton School District: As of 2019, the old East High/Junior High School was demolished, and 10,000 square feet was added to the STEM West Hills Elementary School. 5. The East Bremerton Boys and Girls club, which was a portion of the old East High/Junior high School. 6. Casad Dam 7. Bremerton Fire Department and facilities 8. Bremerton Police Department and Courthouse 9. Kitsap Mental Health Services 10. American Red Cross Both fire stations in Bremerton are brick, and have been inspected, and show they should not sustain significant damage in earthquake. Cultural Resources The Bremerton Arts Commission represents the community during the creative phase of new city development or improvement projects. Bremerton has one of the largest and most diverse official fine arts districts in the northwest. There are several city parks including Blueberry Park, Evergreen Rotary Park, and other parks throughout the Bremerton. Golf resources include Gold Mountain Golf Club, disc golf courses, and other golf courses in the Bremerton area. Bremerton includes various aquatic, athletic, and recreational opportunities71. Future Development Bremerton has a Comprehensive Plan that is a 20-year vision and roadmap for its future. The plan guides City decisions on where to build new jobs and houses, how to improve the transportation system, and where to make capital investments such as utilities, sidewalks, and parks. The Comprehensive Plan is the framework for most of Bremerton’s big-picture decisions on how to grow while preserving and improving its neighborhoods and can be found at https://www.bremertonwa.gov/185/Comprehensive-Plan. Natural Environment The City of Bremerton is 28.44 square miles9. The topography in the area is low rolling hills, generally trending north to south. There are few streams and wetlands, some high liquefaction areas to the East, and many shoreline areas. The Casad Dam provides water for the city of Bremerton. The map on the following page shows the elevation and typography of the city. 220 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Figure 57: Topographical Feature, City of Bremerton. History of Disasters Bremerton’s history of emergency/disasters is much like the remainder of the county94, 95. Kitsap is a micro-climatic region in which winds, rain, and temperatures can differ throughout the County. Although, like other cities, Bremerton is susceptible to earthquakes, tsunamis, urban flooding, and Landslides. As noted below, typical issues are winter storm events, although, Bremerton experienced the Nisqually earthquake and suffered damages greater than other cities in the County. Event Date Type of Event Declaration Declared Disaster December 2022 King Tides, Low Atmospheric pressure No Did not meet the PA Threshold 2020 2 Biological Disasters Federal Declaration Yes. COVID and MPOX February 2019 Severe Winter Storm Local (was undeclared locally), State Local Public Assistance threshold not met. Local SBA declaration. December 2018 Severe Winter Storms - Tornado Local, State, Federal Local Public Assistance threshold not met. 221 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 November 2012 Mud Slide, Illahee Local Did not meet PA threshold Dec 2008 Severe wind and rain Local No assistance Dec 2007 Severe wind and rain Local, State, and Federal Yes Jan 2006 Severe wind and rain Local Did not meet PA threshold Dec 2006 Severe wind and rain Local Did not meet PA Threshold Oct 2003 Severe wind and rain Local, state, and Federal Local PA Threshold not met. IA paid out Jan 2002 Severe wind and rain Local and State State Only; presidential denied Feb 2001 Nisqually Earthquake Local, state, and Federal YES June 1997 Rolling Bay mudslide Local No assistance Dec 1996 Severe rain and snow runoff storm Local, State, and Federal Yes Nov 1995 Severe wind and rain Local, State, and Federal Local PA threshold not met Jan 1993 Severe wind and rain Local, State and Federal No record on file Jan 1992 Severe wind and rain Local No assistance Dec 1990 Severe wind and rain Local, State and Federal Yes Dec 1982 Severe wind and rain Local No assistance May 1965 Earthquake Local, state, and Federal No record on file Oct 1962 Severe wind and rain Local, state and Federal No record on file Table 47: Emergency/Disaster History for Bremerton. Mitigation Planning Risk Assessment The Kitsap County Profile Section of this plan provides a thorough assessment of hazards associated with Kitsap County and its incorporated cities. Although each city is affected differently, risks significant to the City of Bremerton are floods, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and severe storms. The Kitsap County Profile Section provides a synopsis of the County and cities, while this profile provides additional information specific to Bremerton. Rating System The rating system for Bremerton is consistent with the general plan. A rating for each hazard is defined as high, moderate, and low based on the information provided in The Planning Process Section to this plan. Additional ratings are applied for priority mitigation strategies and Cost analysis. Overview The purpose of this profile is to assess the vulnerability of the City of Bremerton in regard to the various natural hazards previously identified in this Plan. In addition, mitigation strategies that are 222 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 currently in place relating to these natural hazards, as well as newly proposed mitigation strategies, have been included in this mitigation profile. As part of the vulnerability assessment process, the City of Bremerton government completed an inventory of all critical facilities and has considered these critical facilities in our planning and mitigation strategy development process. The City of Bremerton has no repetitive loss properties. Planning Process As noted in the basic MHMP Plan Update, the City of Bremerton assigned personnel to the mitigation plan update and through the planning update process were assigned to the Multi- Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee. Personnel also attended monthly Planning Committee webinar conference calls as well as completed the THIRA and MHMP RFI Trackers, reviewed drafts of the document, and communicated via emails and one-on-one discussions. Records can be found in Appendix C: Stakeholder and Public Engagement. Additionally, the City solicited for inputs from City Departments, City Council, and the citizens of Bremerton. The analyses conducted by City of Bremerton staff were based on the best currently available information, and data regarding the characteristics of the neighborhoods identified, the natural hazards that threaten the people, property, and environment of these neighborhoods as well as the impacts these neighborhoods have suffered in past disasters. This information includes, when available, United States Census data, local tax records, local and national geographic information system data, Flood Insurance Rate Maps, hazard-specific analyses, and other environmental and demographic facts, however, very often authoritative or current information simply was not available for the planning effort. In these cases, the experience, knowledge, and judgment of local officials representing the City of Bremerton government were used in the planning71, including assumptions and approximations that were believed to be reasonable. As the planning continues in future years, or at the time when a proposed mitigation initiative is intended to be funded and/or implemented, the participating organizations/jurisdictions recognize that additional information and analyses may be required. In any event, mitigation strategies identified in this plan will be incorporated when appropriate into other land use or capital improvement plans. Mitigation will be addressed with each plan revision. The City of Bremerton government is committed to the implementation of the mitigation related projects/programs described in this section of the plan when and if resources become available. City of Bremerton government is also committed to continuing the mitigation planning process that has resulted in the development of this document, and to the ongoing cooperation with other agencies, organizations, Indian tribes, and jurisdictions to make the City of Bremerton more resistant to the damages and hardships that could otherwise be the result of future natural disasters. Plans and Ordinances In an effort to maximize hazard mitigation planning, the following city plans are used to support and mandate mitigation efforts throughout the city: 1. Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2016 Bremerton’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan is a policy and legal document that reflects the community’s desires, goals, and the needs of the future within the context of the Growth Management Act. The plan was adopted in June of 2016 and is updated yearly as part of the annual amendment process. Bremerton’s comprehensive land use plan is in 223 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 revision as of November 2024. 2. Comprehensive Transportation Plan This transportation plan provides the framework to guide short- and long-term development and maintenance of the multi-model transportation system within the city of Bremerton. It addresses the mandates of the Growth Management Act under the Revises Code of Washington, Title 36.70A.070. 3. Comprehensive Water System Plan 2012 This plan includes goals and policies to protect the natural environment and mitigate the impacts of future growth. It is in compliance with the Growth Management Act and the Critical Areas Ordinance. 4. Comprehensive Sewer System Plan Responsible for collection, treatment, and disposal of all sanitary sewer waste from commercial and residential customers. Operates the City's Wastewater Treatment Plant and maintains 33 pump stations in the City. The plan is designed to identify, design and implement mitigation and upgrades for the wastewater system for the City of Bremerton. 5. Comprehensive Stormwater System Plan 2009 This responsibility includes the protection and preservation of the natural resources of the area that play such a large role in sustaining the City's quality of life. Within the City, the responsibility for storm and surface water management and the protection of groundwater have been entrusted to the Department of Public Works and Utilities. It is the mission of the Stormwater Program within the Department to control flooding, enhance water quality, protect sensitive habitat areas, and optimize the recharge of local aquifers. 6. Capital Improvement Plan 2019 The purpose of the Capital Facilities Plan is to demonstrate that all capital facilities serving Bremerton have been addressed. The plan covers roads, parks, water and sewer lines, police facilities, and administrative buildings. It is compliant with the Growth Management Act. 7. International Building and Fire Code The City of Bremerton adopted the 2021 International Fire Codes with state amendments under Chapter 15.04 of the Building Code. These codes define building, fire, and mitigation practices. 8. Municipal Code The Bremerton Municipal Code are plans and policies regulate the infrastructure, environment, and building codes for the city. The city follows these codes to mitigate potential damage during catastrophic events. 9. Zoning Ordinance The zoning code contains regulations to manage the community’s growth in a manner that ensures efficient use of land, preserves regulated critical areas and encourages good urban design. Specifically, the code supports the vision of the city and is designed to implement the comprehensive plan and by reference the requirements of the Washington 224 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 State Growth Management Act. 10. Subdivision Ordinance The purpose of this title is to implement the comprehensive plan in accordance with the Growth Management Act; to regulate the subdivision of land and to promote the public health, safety, and general welfare. 11. Critical Areas Ordinance This ordinance defines critical areas (wetlands, areas of critical recharging effect on aquifers used for water, fish and wildlife habit, frequently flood areas and geologically hazardous areas) as required by the Growth Management Act. This ordinance regulates, protects and defines these areas under Bremerton Municipal Code Chapter 16.20. 12. Participation in National Flood Insurance Program Bremerton’s participation in the NFIP allows them to use the resources of FEMA to use mitigation planning is to identify policies and actions that can be implemented over the long term to reduce risk and future losses. 13. Participation in the Community Rating System Program Bremerton’s involvement in The Community Rating System (CRS) through FEMA NFIP allows them to benefit in reduced insurance rates and by using the CRS floodplain management system enhances public safety, reduce damages to property and public infrastructure, avoid economic disruption and losses, reduce human suffering, and protect the environment. Hazard Assessments Flooding Probability of Occurrence: Moderate The City of Bremerton does not have any rivers are large tributaries that cause significant flooding in the City limits9, 71. There are creeks and streams that can be overwhelmed during periods of heavy rain and will overflow their banks. Additionally, significant rain will cause urban flooding in areas noted for poor drainage. Except for earthquakes, flooding is the next costly event, and mitigation efforts can help reduce the effect of life and property9,94, 95. Efforts to reduce stormwater overflows have been successful, and there are areas that need attention. Flooding may also occur along the shoreline of the City of Bremerton due to high tides. Recent changes to the National Flood Program have incorporated these areas to include the requirement for flood insurance. All residents and housing units are susceptible to urban flooding. Figure 58 shows the flood zones for Bremerton. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) The City of Bremerton entered the National Flood Insurance Program on May 27, 1975104, 105. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted on July 23, 2008. During the visit, the City issued two permits that were properly conditioned for the flood elevation certificates; however, the final Elevation Certificate was inadvertently missed. The corrective action taken by the city was to modify the permitting system computer software to more 225 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 definitively request flood zone information at the time of initial application for a building permit and at construction inspection stages including prior to framing and prior to the release of final inspection certification. Like most communities in Kitsap County, after the last major flood, 2007, we reviewed our flooding issues and once again determined we have no repetitive loss areas in the City of Bremerton. The City of Bremerton has amended its processes as recently as August 2007 resulting in a successful CAV in July 2008. Bremerton Municipal Code Chapter 17.60 Floodplain Management was updated under Ordinance #5231 to maintain compliance with the NFPIP on December 7, 2013. More information regarding the NFIP can be found in the Kitsap County Profile section. Figure 58: Bremerton Flood Zones. 226 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment128 Community Total Estimated Building Value Percentage of Buildings in the Special Flood Hazard Area Building Dollar Loss for a 1% Annual Chance Flood Event Loss Ratio (Dollar Losses/Total Building Value) Number of Buildings in Zones AE, A Number of Buildings in Zone VE Bremerton* $2.48 Billion <1% $589,840 <1% 21 0 Note: Loss information is included for communities in the coastal floodplain. The table includes both dollar losses and a loss ratio, which is calculated as total losses/total building value. Also included is a count of the buildings in Zone VE, which is the 1-percent-annual-chance coastal flood zone with wave action, and in Zones A and AE, which are riverine or coastal 1-percent-annual-chance floodplains. The loss information for the county is only for coastal SFHAs; the rest of the county’s SFHAs are identified as Zones AE or A. *Information from the military base was not included in the assessment for the City of Bremerton. **No building data was available from Kitsap County for the Port Gamble S’Klallam Indian Reservation, so the results are listed as unknown. Table 48: Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment. Flood Risk Community Characteristics129 Community Total Population CRS Community Flood Claims Repetitive Loss Properties Total Policies Total Insurance Coverage Bremerton* 37,729 No 5 0 52 $15 Million Note: The community overview summarizes characteristics at the community level. Data were obtained from FEMA and the U.S. Census and were current as of November 23, 2015 Table 49: Flood Risk Community Characteristics. 227 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Watercourse & Surface Water Map of Bremerton Severe Storms/Tornados Probability of Occurrence: High Flooding and severe storms work hand-in-hand. Severe winter storms are the typical event that has the highest probability of cause damage to property. These events which occur annually results in a variety of mixed events of snow, rain, low temperatures, and severe winds. The combination of these events generally results in significant power outages, urban flooding, and loss of work and revenue to the economy. Should the event become significant with long-term heavy rainfall, major creeks like Gorst Creek, and low-lying areas like Mannette, would overflow and flood with areas downstream along the shoreline. 100% of the Bremerton has the potential for damage and loss of life from severe storms. Landslides & Erosion Probability of Occurrence: High The city of Bremerton has some areas vulnerable to landslides and erosion. These areas are mostly in East Bremerton along Puget Sound. Landslides may be caused by earthquakes, or significant prolong rainfall and ground saturation. These areas are known to the City Planner. Figure 59: Watercourse & Surface Water Map of Bremerton (Kitsap GIS Department). 228 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 There are no critical facilities in these areas. Building stock is mostly residential based on initial estimates. The graphic below shows LIDAR data on landslides in Bremerton. Figure 60: LIDAR Data on Landslide, Bremerton (USGS). 229 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Earthquakes Probability of Occurrence: High The city of Bremerton’s greatest danger is an earthquake. Like other cities in Kitsap, it is vulnerable to the known faults that run east/west through the Puget Sound Region5, 16. Bremerton has many older buildings, storefronts, and residents as well as historical buildings. Some homes and businesses have gone through retrofitting or brought up to earthquake codes established in the 1980s. Over 80% of the homes were built before 1989. A significant Puget Sound earthquake could potentially cause significant damage to the city and affect their primary economic base, merchants and the Naval Shipyard, as well as city infrastructure. A significant earthquake could also damage the only airport in the area, Bremerton Airport, as well as the Casad Dam, a facility built in the 1930s as the city water supply. Damage to the dam could result in flooding to the west into a residence near the dam but also down the Union River and into Mason County4. As noted in the figure below, few areas have a high degree of liquefaction susceptibility. These areas are mostly areas that have few residences and no critical facilities. Earthquakes continue to be the number one priority for mitigation strategies due to the significant losses that may occur during an event. Ongoing land use and building regulation help to manage vulnerability to earthquakes. Figure 61: Liquefaction Areas, City of Bremerton (Kitsap County GIS Department). 230 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake130 Community Total Estimated Building Value Total Number of Buildings Number of Buildings in the Moderate- High Liquefaction Zone Percentage of Buildings in the Moderate- High Liquefaction Zone Building Dollar Loss for a Seattle 7.2 Event Loss Ratio (Dollar Losses/Total Building Value) Bremerton $2.49 Billion 10,899 116 1% $1.1 Billion 45% Note: The above table shows the total estimated building value by community, total number of buildings by community, total number of buildings within the moderated to high liquefaction zone, and percentage of buildings within the moderate to high liquefaction zone. In addition, buildings losses are reported for a Seattle Fault 7.2 magnitude event as well as a loss ratio. A loss ratio is calculated by dividing the dollar loss by the total building value. The loss values are for building losses only; additional damages to infrastructure and building contents are not captured in this table. *Information from the military base was not included in the assessment for the City of Bremerton. **No building data was available for the Port Gamble S’Klallam Indian Reservation from Kitsap County, so the results are shown as unknown. Table 50: Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake. Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Bremerton Community Number of Pre- Code Buildings (before 1975) Percent Pre-Code Buildings Number of Moderate Code Buildings (after 1975) Percent of Moderate Code Buildings Bremerton 12,694 67.1% 6236 32.9% Note: Pre-code buildings are those that are built prior to 1975. Moderate code are those built after 1975. These dates were chosen based on when the seismic provisions were incorporated into the building code statewide which was 1975. Please note that the analysis in Hazus used the following dates: Pre-code are any buildings prior to 1941. Moderate Code were any buildings after 1941, which is the default Hazus methodology. Please refer to the appendix for additional information. Table 51: Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Kitsap County. Tsunamis & High Waves Probability of Occurrence: Moderate Bremerton can be affected by tsunamis, mostly in the area along the shipyard38. The greatest threat is inland tsunamis caused by an earthquake and subsequent tsunami in the Puget Sound waters. Such a tsunami would have little warning and may cause loss of life and significant damage to areas noted in Figure 62. Although there may be a surge of water, a Pacific Ocean subduction zone earthquake may force a higher than normal surge in the area causing unexpected flooding in the City of Bremerton. Such a surge would disrupt transportation lines and ferries and other potential hazards. 231 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Drought Probability of Occurrence: Low Drought is most likely to affect the entire county. Hazard assessment information on drought can be found in the Drought Mitigation Strategies section. Figure 62: Tsunami Inundation, City of Bremerton. 232 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 City of Bremerton Asset Profile57, 71 Description Building Value Content Value Content w/ Bldg Const Type # of Stories SQ. FT. Year Built Flood Plain Zip Code Responsible Dept. Ted Tillet Fire Station 3031 Olympus 10,610,793 1,725,124 No Masonry Joisted 1 7,782 1979 No 98310 Fire M. Meigs Fire Station 5005 Kitsap Way 10,577,765 1,225,124 No Masonry Joisted 1 7,621 1981 No 98312 Fire Golf Course Maintenance Sheds 7263 W Belfair Valley Rd 989,255 625,238 No Masonry Joisted 1 9,600 1990s No 98312 Parks Sheridan Park Headquarters 680 Lebo Boulevard 3,668,135 271,843 No Masonry Joisted 2 30,000 1940s No 98310 Parks Storage Shed and Contents 680 Lebo Blvd 117,456 N/A Yes Frame 1 2,100 1940s No 98310 Parks Police Special Operations Bldg 3029 Olympus Drive 802,578 108,737 No Steel Frame 1 7,200 1980s No 98310 Police Reservoir #4 4801 Roosevelt Blvd 9,835,321 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1921 No 98312 Water Reservoir #5 3,217,662 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1954 No 98311 Water Reservoir #6 446,898 N/A Yes all steel 1 1950 No Water 233 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Reservoir #21 2,681,385 N/A Yes all steel 1 1983 No Water Reservoir #8 2,502,626 N/A Yes all steel 1 1970 No Water Reservoir #11 1,644,583 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1930s No Water Reservoir #12 2,046,282 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1930s No Water Reservoir #13 893,795 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1930s No Water Reservoir #15 1,275,814 N/A Yes all steel 1 1960s No Water Reservoir #16 1,161,934 N/A Yes all steel 1 1970s No Water Reservoir #17 1,258,854 N/A Yes all steel 1 1970s No Water Reservoir #18 1,235,325 N/A Yes all steel 1 1970s No Water Reservoir #19 1,889,595 N/A Yes all steel 1 1970s No Water Reservoir #20 1,220,334 N/A Yes all steel 1 1980s No Water Glen Jarstad Aquatic Center 500 Magnuson Way 4,946,275 84,660 No Fire Resistive 2 21,000 1970s No 98310 Parks Senior Citizens Center 1140 Nipsic 1,200,552 210,120 No Frame 1 5,000 1940s No 98310 Parks Reservoir #10 1,488,904 N/A No all steel 1 1970s No Water Anderson Creek Well #8 156,632 N/A No Masonry Joisted 1 104 1970s No Water 234 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Bridle Ridge Well #9 317,524 N/A No Masonry Joisted 1 140 1970s No Water Pump Station #2 1,125,612 405,821 No Masonry Joisted 1 1,128 1980s No Water Residence: Pump Station #2 52,397 N/A No frame 1 936 1930s No Water Gorst Creek Pump Station #1 334,279 131,572 No Fire Resistive 1 2,700 1940s No Water Forestry Division Office 277,076 26,393 No Mobile 1 1,375 1970s No Water Forestry Garage Building 4398A W Old Belfair Highway 112,618 30,900 No frame 1 2,000 1960s No Water 5572 Imperial Way 99,246 No Metal 1 3,200 2002 No Water Pump Station #3 112,618 N/A Yes Masonry Joisted 1 180 1990s No Water Pump Station #8 880,405 N/A Yes Masonry 1 950 2003 No Water Pump Station #11 112,618 N/A Yes Masonry Joisted 1 225 1991 No Water Pump Station #12 112,618 N/A Yes Masonry Joisted 1 323 1966 No Water Pump Station #14 112,618 N/A Yes Masonry Joisted 1 160 1995 No Water Pump Station #4 71,761 N/A Yes Frame 1 187 1950s No Water 10151 W McKenna Falls Rd 178,759 127,805 No Masonry Joisted 1 323 1983 No Water 235 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Chlorine Facility McKenna Falls Intake 256,290 73,899 No Masonry Joisted 1 768 1996 No Water 50 NE Vena Ave 505,888 Yes Masonry 1 520 1975 No Water Residence/Laboratory McKenna Falls 176,555 21,114 No Masonry Joisted 2 2,200 1940S No Water 408 Lebo Blvd 76,791 - Frame 1 1950s No 98310 Parks Eastside Treatment Plant 2475 Stephenson Avenue 7,419,412 - Yes Fire Resistive 1 3,981 2002 No 98310 WW 3027 Olympus Drive 1,688,007 343,000 No Fire Resistive 2 15,200 1980s No 98310 Utilities Well #14 5853 S Central Valley Rd NE 115,413 71,920 No Masonry Joisted 1 104 1982 No Water Sewage Treatment Plant 1600 Oyster Bay Avenue 54,582,393 10,112,285 No Fire Resistive 3 100,082 1984 No 98312 WW Well #17 7001 W Belfair Valley Rd 115,413 30,446 No Masonry Joisted 1 1986 No Water Louis Mentor Boardwalk Park - no longer Overwater Park 2nd & Washington Ave 4,356,357 46,757 No Fire Resistive - 1980s No Parks Casad Dam 2920 Upper Union River Rd 36,824,358 N/A No Fire Resistive 1940S No Water Pump Station CE1 9,892,550 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 4,182 1984 No WW 236 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Pump Station WB3 8,795,029 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 2,050 1984 No WW 2304 19th Street 4,121,896 Yes Fire Resistive 2 1,302 1984 No WW Watershed Bridges 627,740 N/A Fire Resistive 1,200 2000 No Water Public Works Complex 100 Oyster Bay 4,286,772 984,629 No Masonry Joisted 2 32,300 1990s No 98312 Street/Storm 589 Lebo Blvd 92,955 Yes Masonry Joisted 1 256 1992 No Water Pump Station #13 109,043 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1942 No Water Pump Station #17 4398D W Belfair Valley Rd 303,890 N/A Yes Masonry Joisted 1 480 1991 No Water Well #2R 115,413 N/A No Fire Resistive 1 30 1980 No Water Well #3 115,413 N/A No Fire Resistive 1 30 1950 No Water Well #7 148,388 N/A No Fire Resistive 1 1992 No Water Well #13 117,100 15,056 - No Frame 1 80 1990 No Water Well #15 115,413 N/A No All Steel 1 80 1992 No Water Well #18 8301B W. Old Belfair Highway 115,413 N/A No Fire Resistive 1 336 1988 No Water 237 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Equipment Storage Building (Biosolids App. Area - Gorst) McKenna Falls Head Tank 23,239 2,060 No Steel 1 800 1994 No Water Well #16 123,657 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1981 No Water Gorst Production Well 63,036 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1993 No Water Booster Station #6 35,752 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1992 No Water Booster Station #7 1527 Cook Rd SW 35,752 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1992 No Water Pump Station CE-2 839,657 N/A Yes All Steel 1 36 1970s No WW Pump Station CE-3 1,648,758 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 450 1970s No WW Pump Station CE-4 7,419,412 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 3,906 1980s No WW Pump Station CE-6 3,832,723 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 966 1980s No WW Pump Station CW-2 1,321,891 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 0 264 1940s No WW Pump Station CW-3 700,602 N/A Yes All Steel 1 36 1970s No WW Pump Station CW-4 824,379 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 0 100 1960s No WW 238 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Pump Station EB-2 5,602,577 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 400 1970s No WW Pump Station EB-3 2,473,137 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 480 1970s No WW Pump Station EB-4 350,301 N/A Yes All Steel 0 48 1960s No WW Pump Station EB-5 700,602 N/A Yes All Steel 1 36 1970s No WW Pump Station EB-6 1,541,325 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 144 1940s No WW Pump Station EB-8 736,053 N/A Yes All Steel 1 36 1970s No WW Pump Station EB-9 726,071 N/A Yes All Steel 0 12 1970s No WW Pump Station KL-1 1,541,325 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 675 1970s No WW Pump Station KL-2 1,541,325 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 630 1970s No WW Pump Station KL-3 1,071,693 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 450 1970s No WW Pump Station KL-4 1,071,693 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 450 1970s No WW Pump Station PB-1 1,236,569 N/A Yes All Steel 1 64 1970s No WW Pump Station PB-2 1,648,758 N/A Yes All Steel 1 64 1970s No WW 239 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Pump Station OB-1 7,561,264 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 1,260 1970s No WW Pump Station OB-2 2,473,137 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 480 1970s No WW Pump Station OB-3 2,473,137 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 450 1970s No WW Pump Station OB-4 2,473,137 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 450 1970s No WW Pump Station OB-5 824,379 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 2 480 1970s No WW Pump Station OB-7 824,379 N/A Yes Masonry Joisted 1 240 1990s No WW Pump Station MD-1 824,379 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 56 1990s No WW Pump Station WB-4 432 Constitution Ave 736,053 N/A Yes All Steel 1 36 1970s No WW Odor Control Station #3 494,627 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 120 1990s No WW Odor Control Station #1 494,627 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 240 1990s No WW Odor Control Station #2 200 High Ave 494,627 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 336 1990s No WW Composite Sampling Station SS-1 123,657 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 100 1980s No WW Composite Sampling Station SS-2 123,657 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1980s No WW Corrosion Control Facility 1650 3rd Ave 1,716,150 N/A Yes Masonry 2 1,290 1998 No WW Generator Storage Facility at Well 14 5853 S Central Valley Rd NE 19,278 N/A Yes Frame 1 240 1997 No Water 240 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 W Branch Water Intake Facility 5200 Rd Bremerton Watershed 1,045,834 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 1990s No Water McKenna Falls Water Intake Facility 5000 Rd Bremerton Watershed 1,016,473 N/A Yes Masonry Joisted 1 1990s No Water Booster Station #10 5785 Imperial Way SW 175,313 N/A Yes Masonry Joisted 1 504 1970s No Water Fire Department Warehouse 3031 Olympus 290,540 105,060 Steel Frame 5,000 2003 No Fire Pump Station WB-6 299 Callow Avenue S 5,602,577 N/A Yes Fire Resistive 1 900 2003 No WW Conference Center 100 Washington Avenue 10,985,445 420,240 No Masonry 1 2004 No Econ Devel Government Center 345 6th Street 10,000,000 2,000,000 Steel Frame 5 2004 No 98337 Finance Fire Station # 1 911 Park Avenue 4,508,867 650,000 Wood Frame/Steel 1 2004 No 98337 Fire BPD Building B 1025 Burwell Street 377,477 110,000 wood /Brick 1 1980 Pistol Range Building 95,329 5,000 Masonry 1 1970s 6851 W Belfair Valley Road TOTAL $139,536,051 $4,526,872 Table 52: Asset Profile City of Bremerton. 241 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Port Orchard The City of Port Orchard was first established along the south shore of Sinclair Inlet and has grown southward for more than 100 years9, 90. As the county seat, The City has been an important urban area for Kitsap County, and particularly South Kitsap. The City is served by a Mayor and seven Council members and is classified as a second-class City90. Its proximity along Sinclair Inlet provides an easily accessible saltwater shoreline and stunning views of the Olympic Mountains. Natural ravines protect blackjack Creek and Ross Creek and maintain a rural belt in an urban area. There is convenient access to Port Orchard with regularly scheduled passenger ferry service, with connections to Seattle via the Washington State Ferry system. The marine Park and downtown waterfront host numerous community activities, concerts, and the weekly farmer’s market. Boating is supported by the Port Orchard Marina and numerous other marinas and boating services. People Population Overview Port Orchard has a diverse population of 15,820.1, 33, Many professionals’ transit daily to downtown Seattle. The city is characterized by professional, scientific employment, construction, and education. Table 53 shows the City’s population density and urbanization figure 63 shows a breakdown by age of The City’s population. Port Orchard Population Information Population Population Density Number of Households Median Household Income Under 65 with a Disability 15,820 (2022) 1,640 per sq. mi (2022) 6,269 (2022) $82,650 (2022) 12.9% (2022) Table 53: Port Orchard Population Information. Age Distribution, Vulnerable Population, and Population Density Figure 63 shows the distribution of age in Port Orchard, figure 64 identifies The City’s vulnerable populations, and figure 65 shows a graphic of The City’s population density. Figure 63: Port Orchard population distribution by age. 242 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Figure 65: South Kitsap Vulnerable Population, includes Port Orchard. Figure 64: Port Orchard Population Density. 243 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Economy The 2020 economic census data show the economy based (by annual revenue, highest first) in retail trade, health care, and social assistance, wholesale trade, and real estate. Based on the number of establishments (highest first), the economy is based on retail trade, professional, scientific and technical services, health care and social assistance, accommodation and food service, and other services except for public administration.9, 90 The City’s economy also supported by the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, local commerce as seen on the Port Orchard Industrial Park, and employment in the Seattle-Tacoma area. The City’s downtown corridor is characterized by working private shipyards, marinas, and merchants providing a variety of retail services to the citizens90. The economic base also includes multiple federal defense agencies: Naval Station Port Orchard, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Naval Submarine Base Banger, Naval Keyport Center, and support facilities. The dominance of Federal employment (the Navy) drives all other economies in the county9, 90. The dominance of service industries in Port Orchard indirectly supports the Federal economic base. Built Environment Existing Structures Land use in Port Orchard is primarily residential housing, government, retail, and waterfront marinas. As part of the Management Growth Act, Port Orchard has annexed land in recent years to accommodate city growth90. Because it is the County seat, Port Orchard includes the Kitsap County Administration Building, courthouse, and adjoining Corrections Center. These facilities are part of the County’s Damage Assessment Program. Land use also includes include numerous residential areas and commercial zones. Port Orchard has 6% of its buildings located in the moderate-high liquefaction zone, with 725 of them built before modern building codes, increasing the risk of significant damage to an earthquake.134 Based on the 2015 Hazus risk assessment, the table below highlights some of the buildings in Port Orchard that are affected by flooding, tsunami, earthquake, and landslide9, 96, 97. City of Port Orchard Areas of Mitigation Interest56 Community Building Name Address Building Value Loss Value Loss Ratio Hazard Type General Retail 205 Bethel Ave. $76,000 $50,000 66% Earthquake, Landslide Cedar Heights Junior High School 336 Lippert Dr. W. $2.9 million $1.6 million 56% Earthquake Kitsap County Government Building 507 Austin Ave. $5.0 million $2.9 million 57% Earthquake Single Family Home 1699 Bay St. $61,000 $26,000 42% Flood Multiple Single- Family Homes SW Bay St. $676,000 N/A N/A Landslide Table 54: City of Port Orchard Areas of Mitigation Interest. Housing Out of just under 5,500 units in the City, over half were built before 1989. There are a significant 244 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 number of structures that were constructed pre-earthquake code requirements1, 56. Residential Structures Type Estimate Percent Housing Occupancy Total housing units 6,728 100% Occupied housing units 6,257 93% Vacant housing units 471 7% Homeowner vacancy rate 6% Rental vacancy rate 5.3% Table 55: Port Orchard Housing Characteristics 2017-2022 (US Census, 2022). Infrastructure Transportation, Communications, and Utilities Major thoroughfares include State Highway 16, Bay Street, Tremont Street, Sidney Avenue, Sedgwick, Port Orchard Blvd, and Bethel56. The City has an extensive system of local public streets with commuter service provided by Kitsap Transit. The City of Port Orchard is serviced by Puget Sound Energy, West Sound Utilities Districts, and Wave Cable for internet and television service. Xfinity also serves Port Orchard for cable television. The City Hall was built in 1999 and serves as City administration, courts, and was the former Emergency Operations Center (EOC). Port Orchard’s EOC has been relocated to South Kitsap Fire and Rescue, Station 31, which resolves the critical vulnerabilities that were inherent with the previous EOC location, both the new EOC and City Hall have been updated and retrofitted over the past 5 years56. Figure 66: Port Orchard Housing, Units and Occupancy. 245 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Critical Facilities Critical structures56 include: 1. City of Port Orchard City Hall and Public Works shop. 2. South Kitsap School District: South Kitsap High School, Cedar Heights Jr. High. 3. Givens Community Center. 4. Kitsap County Courthouse Complex and county jail. 5. Fire District #7 – Fire Station #31, (Port Orchard EOC). 6. Health Facilities: Group Health Coop of Puget Sound, Harrison Memorial. 7. Joint wastewater treatment facility wells: 5 wells and one transmission main from the City of Port Orchard. Cultural Resources Port Orchard has various cultural resources that involve the community in many ways. Some of them include The Masonic Hall on the National Register of Historic Places72, The Sidney Museum and Arts Association73 with cultural assets such as a gallery, art museum, and log cabin museum, The Western Washington Center for the Arts74 which acts as a community theater, The Veteran’s Living History Museum72, and The Fathoms ‘O’ Fun Festival75, which is considered a valued community tradition. Future Development The City’s Comprehensive Plan and the Kitsap County Countywide Planning Policies include growth targets for 2036 that indicate a future Port Orchard population of 20,558 people, https://portorchardwa.gov/city-comprehensive-plan/ As of 2020, the City had sufficient land capacity to accommodate a population of 22,681 people. Port Orchard grows annually adding about 300 new residents to the city every year. Figure 67 shows Port Orchards City growth through annexation since 2008, Port Orchard continues to evaluate its city limits and will grow as Figure 67: Port Orchard City Limit growth due to annexation since 2008. 246 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 needed and able. Natural Environment The city is characterized by a typical port bordered by hills and cliffs above the downtown corridor. The city is currently 5,500 acres as seen in figure 68 below9, 21. Marinas, merchants, and parking areas border the waterfront. The city includes some waterways. Figure 68: Elevation (LiDAR): Port Orchard. History of Disasters Table 56 below shows the history of natural hazards in Port Orchard94, 95. Most damage that has occurred has been associated with heavy rains, high tides, or landslides. The downtown area is prone to flooding during significant rainfall and tides. Some mitigation has been performed, but more is needed to improve the situation. Event Date Type of Event Declaration December 2022 King Tides, Low Atmospheric pressure No, Did not meet the PA Threshold February 2021 Severe Winter Storm Local 247 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Dec 2020 2 Biological Emergencies Federally declared February 2019 Severe Winter Storm Local (was undeclared locally), State December 2018 Severe Winter Storms - Tornado Local, State, Federal 12/11/2008 Severe Winter Shelter Local 12/03/2007 Severe Winter Storm Local, State 12/16/2006 Severe Storm Local 01/30/2006 Severe Storm Local 12/05/2005 Severe Winter Storm Local, State, Federal 08/29/2005 Hurricane Federal 10/20/03 Flooding Local, State, Federal 07/02 Flooding Local, State 09/11/2001 Terrorist Attack Federal 02/01 02/28/01 Earthquake – Nisqually Local, State, Federal 03/97 Flooding Local, State, Federal 12/96 Severe Storm Local, State, Federal 04/96 Mudslide Local 02/96 Flooding Local, State, Federal 11/95 Severe Storm –Wind/flooding Local, State, Federal 12/94 Flooding Local 01/93 Windstorm Local, State, Federal 01/92 Severe Storm No declaration 12/90 Severe Storm Local, State, Federal 12/82 Severe Storm Local, State, Federal 05/80 Mt. St. Helens, volcano State, Federal 01/74 Severe Storm Local, State, Federal 05/65 Earthquake Local, State, Federal 10/62 Severe Storm – Wind Local, State, Federal Table 56: Emergency/Disaster History for Port Orchard. Mitigation Planning Risk Assessment The Kitsap County Profile Section of this plan provides a thorough assessment of hazards 248 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 associated with Kitsap County and its incorporated cities. Although each city is affected differently, risks significant to the City of Port Orchard are floods, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and severe storms. The Kitsap County Profile Section provides a synopsis of the County and cities, while this profile provides additional information specific to Port Orchard. Rating System The rating system for Port Orchard is consistent with the general plan. A rating for each hazard is defined as high, moderate, and low based on the information provided in The Planning Process Section to this plan. Additional ratings are applied for priority mitigation strategies and cost analysis. Overview As noted earlier, the City of Port Orchard has a history of severe storms, landslides, and earthquakes. These vulnerabilities can cause serious damage and, in some cases, limit the mobility of the city around these hazards. Major east/west faults line in the Puget Sound Region intercept the southern end of the Island as well as being vulnerable to potential inland and ocean tsunamis. As part of the vulnerability assessment process, the City of Port Orchard government completed an inventory of all critical facilities and has considered these critical facilities in our planning and mitigation strategy development process. The City of Port Orchard has no repetitive loss properties. Planning Process As noted in the basic MHMP Plan Update, Port Orchard assigned personnel to the mitigation plan update and through the planning update process were assigned to the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee. Personnel also attended monthly Planning Committee webinar conference calls as well as completed the THIRA and MHMP RFI Trackers, reviewed drafts of the document, and communicated via emails and one-on-one discussions. Records can be found in Appendix C: Stakeholder and Public Engagement. Additionally, The City solicited for inputs from City Departments, City Council, and the citizens of Port Orchard Plans and Ordinances In an effort to maximize hazard mitigation planning, the following city plans are used to support and mandate mitigation efforts throughout the city: 1. Comprehensive Land Use Plan adopted December 2024 (Ordinance 014-16), most recently amended on June 14, 2019, by Ordinance 014-16. This 20-year plan is a vision for the City of Port Orchard, which guides the development of the City into the future. The Plan’s goals and policies give direction for managing future growth consistent with citizens’ desired future and quality of life. The Comprehensive Plan also includes a Land Use Map linked to the land use and environmental policies that establishes areas of the City for residential, commercial, industrial and other land uses These actions will work to strengthen the natural environmental and the quality of the built environment and provided a plan for mitigation during natural or other disasters. 2. Transportation Improvement Plan approved each July (projected 6-year plan) 249 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 The Transportation element identifies future system improvements. The Transportation Improvement Plan (6-year TIP) is adopted by reference into the City’s Comprehensive Plan. It is amended annually as part of the annual Comprehensive Plan amendment process. 3. Capital Facilities Plan The purpose of the Capital Facilities Plan is to provide policy direction to decision-makers regarding development regulations and expenditures for capital facilities associated with fire protection and emergency medical services, law enforcement, parks, schools, water, sewer, stormwater, and solid waste collection and disposal. The plan also identifies and prioritizes Parks, Open Spaces and Shorelines and mitigation needs to the year 2036. It is an element of the Growth Management Act, which plans for effective use and development in flood zones and areas associated with natural or man- made disasters. 4. Surface Water Management Plan and/or Stormwater Management Code This Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) is intended, along with the City's Comprehensive Stormwater Management Plan, to assist the City in planning, funding, and implementing a comprehensive program for addressing current and future regulatory and policy requirements for managing and mitigating stormwater runoff, water quality, flooding problems, and the City’s natural resources. The Stormwater Plan is being updated and new standards were adopted in 2016. 5. Uniform Building and Fire Code The Uniform Building and Fire Code establishes codes and regulations for building structures for safe occupancy and mitigates against accidents and natural or man-made causes. The City has adopted the International Building Code, International Fire Code, and International Residential Code consistent with state law. The currently adopted codes are the 2021 series. The “Uniform” series of codes (except for plumbing), hasn’t been used since the early 2000s. 6. The Port Orchard Municipal Code These plans and policies regulate the infrastructure, environment, and building codes for the City of Port Orchard. The city follows these codes to mitigate potential damage during catastrophic events. Mitigate seismic events and other hazards through building structures to withstand or minimize the effects of these hazards. 7. Unified Development Code Title 20 of the Port Orchard municipal code contains the City’s development regulations including zoning, design standards, subdivision standards, critical areas code, building codes, stormwater regulations, flood damage prevention standards (National Flood Insurance Program), and other environmental regulations. Zoning Ordinance Updated 2012 contains changes and updates to Zoning Ordinances are the responsibility of Planning and Community Development. Its mission is to coordinate and manage land use activity. Mitigates buildings and the environment in hazardous locations. 250 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Subdivision Ordinance Incorporated in Title 16, 2013 POMC: The purpose of this chapter is to regulate the subdivision of land within the city limits of Port Orchard and to require accurate legal descriptions. The controls, standards, and procedures set forth in this chapter shall serve to minimize any expected negative impact of the proposed property use and mitigates potential damage during catastrophic events The Critical Areas Ordinance 18 (includes Flood Damage Prevention), and Codified as Title 18, POMC defines wetlands, areas of critical recharging area effect on aquifers used for water, fish and wildlife habitat as required by the Growth Management Act. This ordinance identifies and plans for future mitigation of these critical areas. National Flood Insurance Program Ordinance: The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was completed in 2013. The City adopted amendments to its Flood Damage Prevention Standards Chapter of the Port Orchard Municipal Code at that time. This code has since been moved into the new title 20 of the Port Orchard municipal code. On September 16, 2013, the city received written confirmation that its code was compliant with 44 CRF 60.3 and 86.16 RCW. Port Orchard’s participation in the NFIP allows them to use the resources of FEMA to use mitigation planning is to identify policies and actions that can be implemented over the long term to reduce risk and future losses. These plans inherently include strategies, policies, and ordinances that approve mitigation strategies or deter improvements affected by hazards. In each case, mitigation planning is essential to the safety and security of the citizens of Port Orchard. As such, The City Engineers, the HMP representative for Port Orchard, will review mitigation strategies to ensure other plans are consistent with the plan. Hazard Assessments Flooding Probability of Occurrence: Moderate The city center of Port Orchard sits along Sinclair Inlet of Puget Sound and is susceptible to high tides and urban flooding during the winter months. Extreme high tides coupled with significant rainfall, can cause flooding in downtown Port Orchard as well as affect residential waterfront properties. The significant water puts significant pressure on stormwater systems forcing water on the streets and into nearby retail outlets downtown. In other areas of town, land management and improvements in stormwater systems have reduced flooding during the winter storm season, although significant events will cause urban flooding. The City of Port Orchard is affected by creeks and streams, but there are no significant tributaries in the city. There are no critical facilities inside the flood-prone areas. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) The City of Port Orchard entered the National Flood Insurance Program in 1978. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in 2005. During this Community Assistance Visit (CVA) the summarized findings from the CAV included the need for an amendment to the City’s flood chapter 15.38, preparation of procedures to implement Chapter 251 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 15.38, and additional information on three specific cases that were cited in their fieldwork. On September 16, 2005, the Floodplain Management Specialist responded to the City’s transmittal of information by approving Ordinance No. 016-05 bringing the city into full compliance with Federal and State floodplain management requirements. The City provided the Floodplain Management Specialist with additional information on the three specific cases sited during their visit which cleared all of the findings and closed the CAV for Port Orchard. Their conclusion was that the City is effectively regulating development in the City’s flood hazard areas and they would notify FEMA of this certification. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was completed in 2013. The City adopted amendments to its Flood Damage Prevention Standards Chapter of the Port Orchard Municipal Code at that time. This code has since been moved into the new title 20 of the Port Orchard municipal code. On September 16, 2013, the city received written confirmation that its code was compliant with 44 CRF 60.3 and 86.16 RCW. Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment104, 105 Community Total Estimated Building Value Percentage of Buildings in the Special Flood Hazard Area Building Dollar Loss for a 1% Annual Chance Flood Event Loss Ratio (Dollar Losses/Total Building Value) Number of Buildings in Zones AE, A Number of Buildings in Zone VE Port Orchard $966 Million <1% $579,000 <1% 24 0 Note: Loss information is included for communities in the coastal floodplain. The table includes both dollar losses and a loss ratio, which is calculated as total losses/total building value. Also included is a count of the buildings in Zone VE, which is the 1-percent-annual-chance coastal flood zone with wave action, and in Zones A and AE, which are riverine or coastal 1 -percent-annual-chance floodplains. The loss information for the county is only for coastal SFHAs; the rest of the county’s SFHAs are identified as Zones AE or A. *Information from the military base was not included in the assessment for the City of Bremerton. **No building data was available from Kitsap County for the Port Gamble S’Klallam Indian Reservation, so the results are listed as unknown. Table 57: Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment. Flood Risk Community Characteristics104, 105 Community Total Population CRS Community Flood Claims Repetitive Loss Properties Total Policies Total Insurance Coverage Port Orchard 11,144 No 0 0 25 $6.8 Million Note: The community overview summarizes characteristics at the community level. Data were obtained from FEMA and the U.S. Census and were current as of November 23, 2022 Table 58: Flood Risk Community characteristics. 252 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Figure 69: Flood Zones City of Port Orchard (Kitsap County GIS Department 2022). 253 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 City of Port Orchard Figure 70: Streams and Surface Waters, City of Port Orchard (Kitsap County GIS Department 2022). 254 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Severe Storms/Tornados Probability of Occurrence: High During severe winter weather in December 2018, an EF-2 tornado caused catastrophic damage to over 250 homes and commercial buildings106,107,108,109. Tornadoes in Kitsap County are rare due to irregularities in geography and elevation of the area94, 95. The geography is not typically conducive to forming tornadoes large enough to be destructive, however, according to NOAA, there have been two tornados in Kitsap County: one in December 2018 that hit Port Orchard and one in April 1991 that struck Tracyton, pelting the area with record-setting hail, and damaging homes. The City of Port Orchard is vulnerable to severe weather, typically in the winter months. High winds, significant rainfall, and snow can cause some urban flooding, damage from falling trees, and the potential for landslides due to saturated soils5, 11, 111. This can result in loss of life, damage to homes, and significant power outages. Although earthquakes have the potential for significant damage and loss of life, severe storms are annual occurrences, and any mitigation can also minimize the loss of life and damage from other hazards. Severe storms affect the entire City. Although Port Orchard does not have any major rivers or contributories, urban flooding from over-taxed stormwater system can cause damage to residential and retail outlets. The location of the city is ideal for being in the Puget Sound convergent zones during significant weather events and vulnerable to strong winds as weather fronts move over the Olympic Mountains. This results in falling trees or branches and significant power outages. Downtown Port Orchard is vulnerable to flooding when heavy rains are combined with high seasonal tides, routinely in the winter months. The downtown area will experience temporary flooding of roads and some buildings while tides remain high. Some mitigation has been conducted, but significant changes to infrastructure would be necessary to reduce these symptoms 100% of the City has the potential for damage and loss of life from severe storms Landslides & Erosion Probability of Occurrence: Moderate The City of Port Orchard is vulnerable to minor landslides and erosion mostly on coastal cliffs vulnerable to an earthquake or when significant rainfall saturates vulnerable landslide areas. Former LIDAR studies showed some minor vulnerable areas, noting many are within the city limits but do pose a threat to highways that lead to the downtown area. Additional studies of building stock located in these areas will be conducted in the future. Initial estimates define residential stock in these locations, but no critical facilities. Long-term mitigation efforts include restrictions on developing these areas for use. In the short term, areas are monitored by Public Works during significant weather events. 255 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Figure 71: LIDAR Data on Landslide Port Orchard (USGS). 256 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Building Exposure to Landslides5, 90 Community Buildings within Landslide Zone Building Value with Landslide Zone Port Orchard 66 $8.1 Million Table 59: Port Orchard Building Exposure to Landslides. Earthquakes Probability of Occurrence: High The City of Port Orchard is vulnerable to earthquakes and associated inland tsunamis. The downtown corridor is also susceptible to liquefaction impacting merchants, waterfront marinas, and the infrastructure. Figure 72 shows liquefaction susceptibility. Red areas in downtown note the high-risk areas in Port Orchard. Liquefaction in the downtown area could damage major roads into downtown from the west, and damage residential and commercial buildings. Along this corridor are apartment complexes and senior assist facilities. Road damage would disrupt life- safety response and alternative routes into downtown. Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake5, 90 Community Total Estimated Building Value Total Number of Buildings Number of Buildings in the Moderate- High Liquefaction Zone Percentage of Buildings in the Moderate- High Liquefaction Zone Building Dollar Loss for a Seattle 7.2 Event Loss Ratio (Dollar Losses/Total Building Value) Port Orchard $966 Million 4,076 258 6% $377 Million 39% Note: The above table shows the total estimated building value by community, total number of buildings by community, total number of buildings within the moderated to high liquefaction zone, and percentage of buildings within the moderate to high liquefaction zone. In addition, buildings losses are reported for a Seattle Fault 7.2 magnitude event as well as a loss ratio. A loss ratio is calculated by dividing the dollar loss by the total building value. The loss values are for building losses only; additional damages to infrastructure and building contents are not captured in this table. Table 60: Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake. Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Port Orchard1, 90 Community Number of Pre- Code Buildings (before 1975) Percent Pre-Code Buildings Number of Moderate Code Buildings (after 1975) Percent of Moderate Code Buildings Port Orchard 1,415 35% 2,661 65% Note: Pre-code buildings are those that are built prior to 1975. Moderate code are those built after 1975. These dates were chosen based on when the seismic provisions were incorporated into the building code statewide which was 1975. Please note that the analysis in Hazus used the following dates: Pre-code are any buildings prior to 1941. Moderate Code were any buildings after 1941, which is the default Hazus methodology. Please refer to the appendix for additional information. Table 61: Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Port Orchard. 257 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Figure 72: Liquefaction on Port Orchard (Kitsap County Department of Information Services). Tsunamis & High Waves Probability of Occurrence: Moderate There is some potential for a tsunami affecting the City of Port Orchard. Recent studies have shown that a tsunami affected the area thousands of years ago. Here is the excerpt from the Kitsap Plan regarding the event: A recent study produced by Maria E. Martin Arcos entitle “The A.D. 900–930 Seattle-Fault-Zone Earthquake with a Wider Coseismic Rupture Patch and Postseismic Submergence: Inferences from New Sedimentary Evidence” suggest evidence of 4-5 m tsunami hitting the Gorst Area of Sinclair Inlet. The tsunami may have been an outcome of a Seattle fault earthquake or possibly other events cataclysmic enough to cause an 18-foot tidal wave in the Puget Sound. 258 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 Maria Arcos conclusion is “This study reiterates the threat of multiple hazards associated with earthquakes in the Puget Lowland, of which tsunamis are prominent in the case of Sinclair Inlet. Tsunami deposits at Gorst and tsunami modeling reiterate the tsunami threat in this inlet. Evidence for a tsunami in Sinclair Inlet is not unexpected based on the proximity to the Seattle fault zone and on previous tsunami models (Koshimuraet al., 2002). Simulated wave heights of 4–5 m indicate tsunamis are not only a threat to the infrastructure in Gorst but also to the naval base at Port Orchard. Tsunami simulations demonstrate that the higher uplift documented in this study results in almost a meter higher tsunami wave along Sinclair Inlet. Even an order-of-magnitude smaller Tacoma fault- generated tsunami would generate strong currents in the narrow straits and harbors near Gorst. Further tsunami simulations in the Puget Lowland, including different fault scenarios would help determine the degree of hazard posed by locally generated tsunamis.” A four to five-meter tsunami can significantly affect the Cities of Port Orchard and Port Orchard as well as the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. This and other studies conclude that inland tsunamis can be potentially catastrophic and need more attention by those Counties in the Puget Sound Region. Earthquakes along the Washington coast would cause a surge of seawater along the coastal areas of the Straits of Juan De Fuca’s. Such a tsunami may cause a surge of water in Puget Sound affecting the coastal water of the entire area. Considering the number of people living along the coastal water of Puget Sound, such a wave could have devasting effects on lives as well as property and infrastructure. Similar damage to life and the economy could occur in Port Orchard depending on the size of the surge. Approximately 5.2% of the population resides in potentially dangerous areas. Damage from such an event may force boats and docks up along the shoreline damaging facilities and boats. Drought Probability of Occurrence: Low Drought is most likely to affect the entire county. Hazard assessment information on drought can be found in the Drought Mitigation Strategies section. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 259 City of Port Orchard Asset Profile90 Location Port Orchard, WA Zip Code Prop. Value Contents Year Built Type of Construction Number Stories Square Footage Type of Protection Critical Facility (Yes/No) Givens Active Club 1025 Tacoma 98366 $750,000 $50,000 1962 Wood 2 7,500 Locked No City Hall 216 Prospect Street 98366 $10,000,000 $500,000 1999 Steel 4 28,000 Sprinkled Yes Public Works Facility 1535 Vivian Court 98366 $2,000,000 $500,000 2001 Steel 1 10,000 Alarmed Yes Port Orchard Library 87 Sidney Avenue 98366 $3,000,000 $1,000,000 1975 Masonry 1 10,000 Alarmed No South Shed Sidney Avenue 98366 $1,000,000 $100,000 1960 Steel 2 2,000 Locked No DeKalb Pier DeKalb Waterway 98366 $1,000,000 0 1985 Wood 1 6,000 No Van Zee Water Tank 2 MG 98366 2,000,000 0 1976 Concrete Locked Yes Sedgwick Water Tank 1 MG 98366 $1,000,000 0 2000 Steel Fenced Yes Lloyd Parkway Water Tank, 1 MG 98366 $1,500,000 0 Concrete Yes McCormick Water Tank 450,000 Gal 98367 $750,000 0 1994 Steel Fenced Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 260 Mc Cormick Water Tank #1 59,500 Gal 98367 500,000 0 Concrete Fenced Yes Mc Cormick Water Tank #2 59,500 Gal 98367 500,000 0 Concrete Fenced Yes Morton Street Water Tank, 90,000 Gal 98366 $400,000 0 1990 Steel Fenced Yes Sidney Avenue Water Tank, 125,000 Gal 98366 $500,000 1985 Steel Fenced Yes Melcher Street Water Pump Station 98366 $1,500,000 $100,000 1976 Masonry 1 1,000 Fenced Yes City Hall Pump Station Kitsap/Cline 98366 1,000,000 $200,000 1930 Masonry 2 2,000 Locked Yes Port Orchard Water Pump Station, SR 16 98366 $300,000 $25,000 1983 Wood 1 200 Locked Yes Well 6 Maple Street 98366 $1,000,000 $50,000 1940 Wood/Concrete e 1 600 Locked Yes Well 8 Sidney Avenue 98366 $500,000 $50,000 1986 Wood 1 400 Fenced Yes Well 9 Van Zee Park 98366 $500,000 $50,000 2004 Wood 1 400 Locked Yes McCormick Well Field 98366 $1,000,000 $100,000 1992 Wood 1 800 Fenced Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 261 Marina Sewer Pump Station 98366 $3,000,000 $500,000 1984 Concrete 1 1,000 Locked Yes Cedar Heights Sewer Pump Station, Pottery Avenue 98366 $400,000 $35,000 1969 Concrete Locked Yes Harrison Sewer Pump Station, SK Blvd 98366 $500,000 $50,000 1995 Concrete Fenced Yes Eagle Crest Sewer Pump Station, 98366 300,000 $50,000 1997 Concrete Fenced Yes Golden Pond Sewer Pump Station 98366 $300,000 $50,000 1999 Concrete Fenced Yes Flower Meadows Sewer Pump Station 98366 $400,000 $50,000 2002 Concrete Fenced Yes Bravo Terrace Sewer Pump Station 98366 $500,000 $50,000 1998 Concrete Fenced Yes McCormick Woods Sewer Pump Station #1 98367 $1,000,000 $100,000 1996 Concrete Fenced Yes McCormick Woods Sewer Pump Station #2 98367 $1,000,000 $100,000 1996 Concrete Fenced Yes Givens Field Restrooms 98366 100,000 2001 Masonry 1 507 Locked No Sander Rack Shed @ Well #6 98366 20,000 1998 Pole Bldg 1 720 No Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 262 213/215 Prospect 98366 400,000 1918 Wood 2 4888 No Central Playfield Restroom 98366 50,000 1995 Masonry 1 1590 Locked No Van Zee Tennis Court 98366 100,000 1974 Asphalt 0 18000 No Givens Tennis Court 98366 100,000 1974 Asphalt 0 18000 No Boat Launch, 535 Bay 98366 250,000 1985 Concrete 0 555 No Observation Deck @ Marina Pump Station 98366 20,000 1989 Concrete 2 530 No Etta Turner/Blackjack Creek Park 98366 100,000 2005 Varies 0 18000 No Central Park Retaining Wall 98366 50,000 2007 Concrete 0 800 No Bay St Lift Station (Coast to Coast) 98366 1,500,000 1962 Concrete 2 100 Fenced Yes Tremont Place Lift Station 98366 150,000 1975 Concrete 1 100 Fenced Yes Annapolis Intertie Building (Wa Main) 98366 100,000 2007 Masonry 1 200 Locked Yes Wilkins Well 98366 100,000 1989 No Well #7 98366 100,000 1961 Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 263 Sedgwick Lift Station 98366 100,000 1995 Concrete 1 100 Fenced Yes MW Well #3 170ft 98367 150,000 25,300 Pchsd 1998 Fenced Yes MW Well #2 215ft 98367 150,000 20,200 Pchsd 1998 Fenced Yes MW Well #1 283ft 98367 200,000 18,200 Pchsd 1998 Fenced Yes Storage Bldg @ 1 MG Reservoir 98366 50,000 2004 Metal 1 200 Locked No WS Storage Shed 98366 25,000 2006 Wood 1 200 Locked No Well #10 98366 750,000 2007 Yes The Ridge II Lift Station 98367 300,000 123,200 2007 Concrete 1 100 Fenced Yes Lowes Lift Station 98367 600,000 165,500 2007 Concrete 1 100 Fenced Yes The Ridge III Lift Station 98367 400,000 177,600 2007 Concrete 1 100 Fenced Yes Chemical Storage Shed 98367 30,000 2008 Wood 1 200 Locked No Shop Storage Canopy 98366 150,000 2002 Wood 3200 Fenced No Picnic Shelter @ Active Club 98366 50,000 1960 Masonry 1 720 No Asset Profile Total Values: $44,195,000 $4,250,000 Table 62: Asset Profile City of Port Orchard. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 264 Poulsbo Poulsbo located in north-central Kitsap County was settled by Scandinavians who arrived on the shores of Liberty Bay more than 100 years ago. Poulsbo became a city in the early 1900s with fishing and farming as primary industries. Downtown Poulsbo is adjacent to Liberty Bay, an extension of Puget Sound. Many community and regional events, some of which celebrate the Scandinavian heritage, are hosted in Poulsbo parks and historic downtown area. Being situated among the saltwater shoreline and low hills provides exceptional views of the Cascade and Olympic Mountain ranges as well as Liberty Bay. The total land area is 3,072 acres. Poulsbo maintains a mayor-council structure but also staffs a city administrator. People Population Overview The population of Poulsbo is 13,0101, 9. Many professionals transit daily to downtown Seattle. The city is characterized by professional, scientific employment, construction, and education. Citizens of Poulsbo, like other nearby cities, are employed at the military installations in Kitsap County. Table 63 below shows the city’s population, density and population data. Poulsbo Population Information Population Population Density Number of Households Median Household Income Under 65 with a Disability 13,010 (2023) 4.65 sq. mi (2024) 5,288 (2022) $85,579 (2022) 6.9% (2024) Table 63: Poulsbo Population Information. Age Distribution, Vulnerable Population, and Population Density The city’s population is consistent with other cities in the county with a number of senior/assist facilities in the city mostly located in the city’s urban center1, 33. The senior population has grown consistent with statistics nationwide. Figure 73 shows the distribution of age in Port Orchard, figure 74 identifies The City’s vulnerable populations, and figure 75 shows a graphic of The City’s population density1, 33 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 265 Figure 73: Poulsbo Population Distribution. Figure 74: North Kitsap Vulnerable Population, including Poulsbo. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 266 Figure 75: Population Density: City of Poulsbo. Economy Community leaders, residents, and business interests strive to maintain a small-town character while continuing to thrive and grow90. Both residential and commercial development continues. College Marketplace, which includes the Poulsbo Branch of Olympic College, continues to develop business and residential uses. Poulsbo Place, a winner of numerous local and national awards, is one of several residential areas that continue to develop. A new city hall is one of the current public projects. North Kitsap School District is also centered in Poulsbo90. The city is primarily residential with commercial businesses in the city core and College Marketplace, which Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 267 is home to several big-box stores. The principal economic base is retail outlets/offices, North Kitsap School District, and light industry. Some citizens, like those on Poulsbo, commute to Seattle daily for work others are part of the military or work at military installations noted below. Federal defense agencies include Naval Base Kitsap (NBK) Bangor, (NBK) Keyport, (NBK) Poulsbo, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, and support facilities. Commercial entities include Home Depot, Wal-Mart, and Town and Country Market. Built Environment Existing Structures Land use in Poulsbo includes residential, commercial, light industrial, and open space. North Kitsap School District is also centered in Poulsbo. Commercial enterprises have increased significantly to the west with the development of the Olhava property, which includes Wal-Mart and Home Depot. This property and adjoining areas were annexed by the City as part of the County’s comprehensive land growth and management program. Poulsbo has 7 buildings in the Special Flood Hazard Area, representing $740,000 in loss from a 1-percent annual chance flood. It also has 40 buildings within the landslide zone representing $9.8M in value90. Based on the 2015 Hazus risk assessment, table 64 below highlights some of the buildings in Poulsbo that are affected by flooding, tsunami, earthquake, and landslide. City of Poulsbo Areas of Mitigation Interest90 Community Building Name Address Building Value Loss Value Loss Ratio Hazard Type Commercial Office Buildings 17791 Fjord Dr. NE $1.2 million $473,000 38% Flood Commercial – General Retail 18969 Front St. NE $126,000 $63,000 50% Earthquake Multiple Single- Family Homes West side of 11th Ave. NE $2.6 million (12 Homes) N/A N/A Landslide Multiple Single- Family Homes Rosebud Pl. NE $2.1 million (9 Homes) N/A N/A Landslide Table 64: City of Poulsbo Areas of Mitigation Interest. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 268 Housing Most building stock is residential homes of wood frame construction33. Poulsbo is part of the County’s Damage Assessment Program for disasters and has identified critical facilities as part of the program. Infrastructure Transportation, Communications, and Utilities Poulsbo is served by SR 305, the main corridor to Poulsbo, and the Washington State Ferry System. SR 305 provides cross-country traffic to and from Seattle to the east and SR 3 to the west providing service to the Olympic Peninsula and south to Poulsbo. The City has an extensive system of local public streets with commuter service by Kitsap Transit1, 9, 33, 90. The City is serviced by Puget Sound Energy and maintains its own sewer and water system with nine sewer lift stations and five water pump stations. Kitsap Public Utilities District One provides Residential Structures Type Estimate Percent Housing Occupancy Total housing units 5,288 100% Occupied housing units 4,126 95.7% Vacant housing units 186 4.3% Homeowner vacancy rate 1.2 (X) Rental vacancy rate 6.3 (X) Table 65: Poulsbo Housing Characteristics 2017-2022 (US Census, 2022). Figure 76: Poulsbo Housing Units and Occupancy (US. Census, 2022) Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 265 water service. Communications are provided through a variety of cell phone providers, Comcast, and CenturyLink. Critical Facilities The City of Poulsbo has identified 62 critical facilities, including: 1. City of Poulsbo City Hall 2. City of Poulsbo Public Works office and shop 3. North Kitsap School District: a. Administration Building b. North Kitsap Senior High School c. Poulsbo Junior High School d. Poulsbo and Vinland Elementary Schools e. The building formerly known as Spectrum Alternative School has been repurposed after being closed in 2010. As of 2019, it is a new alternative learning program. 4. Olympic College Poulsbo Branch Campus 5. Fire District #18 Headquarters/Fire Station #71 6. Health facilities: a. Poulsbo Village Medical Center with Regional Hospitals as backup b. North Kitsap Medical Center 7. Wastewater treatment plant: Brownsville via pressurized pipe under Liberty Bay 8. There are six operational wells. 9. There are nine sewer lift stations and five water pump stations. Cultural Resources Parks, recreational facilities, and open space serve as vital parts of the community’s character. Poulsbo has 16 city parks totaling 137 acres – about one-half of the acreage is developed while the rest is undeveloped or in open space designation56, 90. The city also has 5+ linear miles of trails. The city has been active in park development in recent years, making sure that partnerships are used to enhance park projects and activities. Volunteerism and stewardship of the natural and cultural resources within the city has helped shape many city parks projects Future Development Future development includes the Poulsbo Event and Recreation Center. The PERC will serve as a significant attraction for visitors in search of recreational activities; additionally the center would create an opportunity for job growth and would further cement Poulsbo’s College Marketplace as an economic hub within the community90. Poulsbo’s Comprehensive Plan is a policy and legal document that reflects the community’s desires, goals, and needs for the future, within the context of the requirements of the Growth Management Act. On December 21, 2016, the Poulsbo City Council adopted the 2016 Comprehensive Plan by approving an adopting ordinance and exhibits. The plan can be found here: https://cityofpoulsbo.com/comprehensive-plan-2/. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 266 Natural Environment The topography in the area is low rolling hills, generally trending north to south. Poulsbo has areas of wetlands, aquifer recharge, and geological concern, streams, and shoreline. The highest point in Poulsbo is under 500 feet. Liberty Bay along the shoreline of Poulsbo responds to high and low tides but is 80% enclosed and isolated from Puget Sound9. Natural creeks like Dogfish Creek are spawning streams for salmon and drain into Liberty Bay. Figure 64 shows topographic information on the Poulsbo area. Figure 77: Poulsbo Elevation using LiDAR. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 267 History of Disasters The table below shows the history of natural hazards in Poulsbo94, 95. Any damage that has occurred has associated with heavy rains and high tides or landslides109,110,111. The downtown area is prone to flooding during significant rainfall and tides. Some mitigation has been performed, but more is needed to improve the situation. Event Date Type of Event Declaration Declared Disaster December 2020 2 Biohazard events Yes, Local, Federal, and State COVID / POX February 2019 Severe Winter Storm Local (was Undeclared locally), State Local Public Assistance threshold not met. Local SBA declaration. December 2018 Severe Winter Storms - Tornado Local, State, Federal Local Public Assistance threshold not met. Dec 2008 Severe wind and rain Local No assistance Dec 2007 Severe wind and rain Local, State, and Federal Yes Jan 2006 Severe wind and rain Local Did not meet PA threshold Dec 2006 Severe wind and rain Local Did not meet PA Threshold Oct 2003 Severe wind and rain Local, state, and Federal Local PA Threshold not met. IA paid out Jan 2002 Severe wind and rain Local and State State Only; presidential denied Feb 2001 Nisqually Earthquake Local, state, and Federal Yes Dec 1996 Severe rain and snow runoff storm Local, state, and Federal Yes Nov 1995 Severe wind and rain Local, State, and Federal Local PA threshold not met Jan 1993 Severe wind and rain Local, State and Federal No record on file Jan 1992 Severe wind and rain Local No assistance Dec 1990 Severe wind and rain Local, State and Federal Yes Dec 1982 Severe wind and rain Local No assistance May 1965 Earthquake Local, State, and Federal No record on file Oct 1962 Severe wind and rain Local, State and Federal No record on file Table 66: Emergency/Disaster History for Poulsbo. Mitigation Planning Risk Assessment The Kitsap County Profile Section of this plan provides a thorough assessment of hazards associated with Kitsap County and its incorporated cities. Although each city is affected differently, risks significant to the City of Poulsbo are floods, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 268 and severe storms. The Kitsap County Profile Section provides a synopsis of the County and cities, while this profile provides additional information specific to Poulsbo. Rating System The rating system for Poulsbo is consistent with the general plan. A rating for each hazard is defined as high, moderate, and low based on the information provided in The Planning Process Section to this plan. Additional ratings are applied for priority mitigation strategies and Cost analysis. Overview As noted earlier, the City of Poulsbo has a history of severe storms, landslides, and earthquakes. Although other alternatives are possible, mitigation strategies can provide improvement to the city infrastructure and minimize the loss of life and damage to properties from such events. Major east/west fault lines in the Puget Sound Region make Poulsbo vulnerable to earthquakes. The City of Poulsbo contributes and uses the Kitsap County’s THIRA to set priorities on natural hazardous events. Although annually the City is hit by severe winter storms, the greatest threat to Poulsbo is an earthquake and associated liquefaction in downtown Poulsbo. This type of event could be catastrophic to not only life-safety but the economic recovery of its downtown area. Planning Process As noted in the basic MHMP Plan Update, the City of Poulsbo assigned personnel to the mitigation plan update and through the planning update process were assigned to the Multi- Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee. Personnel also attended monthly Planning Committee webinar conference calls as well as completed the THIRA and MHMP RFI Trackers, reviewed drafts of the document, and communicated via emails and one-on-one discussions. Additionally, the City solicited for inputs from City Departments, City Council, and the citizens of Poulsbo. Plans and Ordinances The plans noted below represent documents that help to manage mitigation efforts in the City of Poulsbo. Each plan or ordinances dictate measures to ensure the safe well-being of its citizens. Departments responsible for the plan will ensure the mitigation plan is incorporated into each of the plans listed on the following page. 1. Comprehensive Land Use Plan This 6-year plan identifies and prioritizes Parks, Opens Spaces and Shoreline Improvements and mitigation between 2015 and 2020. It is part of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan required by the Growth Management Act. Effective use of lands to mitigate developments in flood zones and areas associated with natural or man-made hazards. 2. Surface Water Management Plan and Code This Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) is intended, along with the City's Comprehensive Stormwater Management Plan, to assist the City in planning, funding, and implementing a comprehensive program for addressing current and future regulatory and policy requirements for managing and mitigating stormwater runoff, water quality, flooding problems, and the City’s natural resources. 3. International Building and Fire Code The City of Poulsbo adopted the 2021 International Fire Codes with state amendments Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 269 under Chapter 15.04 of the Building Code. These codes define building, fire, and mitigation practices. 4. Municipal Code These plans and policies regulate the infrastructure, environment, and building codes for the City Poulsbo. The city follows these codes to mitigate potential damage during catastrophic events. Mitigate seismic events and other hazards through building structures to withstand or minimize the effects of these hazards. 5. Zoning Ordinance Changes and updates to Zoning Ordinances are the responsibility of Planning and Economic Development. Its mission is to coordinate and manage land use activity. Changes and updates to Zoning Ordinances are the responsibility of Planning and Community Development. Its mission to coordinate and manage land use activity. The plan mitigates buildings and the environment in hazardous locations. 6. Comprehensive Transportation Plan This transportation plan provides the framework to guide short- and long-term development and maintenance of the multi-model transportation system within the city of Poulsbo. It addresses the mandates of the Growth Management Act under the Revises Code of Washington, Title 36.70A.070. 7. Subdivision Ordinance The purpose of this chapter is to regulate the subdivision of land within the city limits of Poulsbo and to require accurate legal descriptions. The controls, standards, and procedures set forth in this chapter shall serve to minimize any expected negative impact of the proposed property use and mitigates potential damage during catastrophic events. 8. Critical Areas Ordinance This ordinance defines critical areas (wetlands, areas of critical recharging effect on aquifers used for water, fish and wildlife habit, frequently flood areas and geologically hazardous areas) as required by the Growth Management Act. This ordinance regulates, protects and defines these Areas under Poulsbo Municipal Code Chapter 16.20. Hazard Assessments Flooding Probability of Occurrence: Moderate The city of Poulsbo is prone to some flooding, mostly due to significant rainfall. Built above the shores of Liberty Bay, runoff from above fills natural streams that may overflow during significant rainfall. Significant rainfall events will also cause city sewer systems to be overwhelmed and cause local urban flooding. Comprehensive land management has helped in years to reduce urban flooding. Changes to the National Flood Insurance Program and coastal studies noted in Section III are defining changes to shoreline management aiding building codes and regulations. Some areas are coastal, but all inland areas are remote with no critical facilities affected and minimal residential housing affected by potential high-water areas. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 270 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) The City of Poulsbo entered into the National Flood Insurance Program in 1979. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in 2017. During this update, Community Assistance Visit (CAV) found no deficiencies related to city code. In recent years, NFIP Flood Insurance Rates Maps (FIRM) has been revised. Some zones changed mostly reflecting coastlines changes based on better data and evaluation of such issues as wake and tidal issues. Changes are not significant, although have increased the need for some homeowners to file for flood insurance under NFIP. More information about the NFIP can be found in the Kitsap County Profile section. Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment104, 105 Community Total Estimated Building Value Percentage of Buildings in the Special Flood Hazard Area Building Dollar Loss for a 1% Annual Chance Flood Event Loss Ratio (Dollar Losses/Total Building Value) Number of Buildings in Zones AE, A Number of Buildings in Zone VE Poulsbo $865 Million <1% $3.4 Million <1% 7 0 Note: Loss information is included for communities in the coastal floodplain. The table includes both dollar losses and a loss ratio, which is calculated as total losses/total building value. Also included is a count of the buildings in Zone VE, which is the 1-percent-annual-chance coastal flood zone with wave action, and in Zones A and AE, which are riverine or coastal 1-percent-annual-chance floodplains. The loss information for the county is only for coastal SFHAs; the rest of the county’s SFHAs are identified as Zones AE or A. *Information from the military base was not included in the assessment for the City of Bremerton. **No building data was available from Kitsap County for the Port Gamble S’Klallam Indian Reservation, so the results are listed as unknown. Table 67: Poulsbo Special Flood Hazard Area Assessment. Flood Risk Community Characteristics104, 105 Community Total Population CRS Community Flood Claims Repetitive Loss Properties Total Policie s Total Insurance Coverage Poulsbo 13,010 No 0 0 49 $10.068 Million Note: The community overview summarizes characteristics at the community level. Data were obtained from FEMA and the U.S. Census and were current as of December 10, 2024 Table 68: Poulsbo Flood Risk Community Characteristics. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 271 Figure 78: City of Poulsbo Flood Zones (Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2020). Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 272 Severe Storms/Tornados Probability of Occurrence: High The City of Poulsbo is vulnerable to severe weather, typically in the winter months. Severe weather, high winds, significant rainfall, and snow can cause some urban flooding, damage from falling trees, and the potential for landslides due to saturated soils. This can result in loss of life, damage to homes, and significant power outages. Although earthquakes have the potential for significant damage and loss of life, severe storms are annual occurrences, and any mitigation can also minimize the loss of life and damage from other hazards. Severe storms affect the entire City of Poulsbo. The location of the City is ideal for being in the Puget Sound convergent zones during significant weather events and vulnerable to strong winds Figure 79: Streams and Surface Water, City of Poulsbo (Kitsap County GIS Department). Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 273 as weather fronts move over the Olympic Mountains. This results in falling trees or branches and significant power outages. Figure 79 shows the streams and surface water in the City of Poulsbo. Figure 80 provides hydrology information for the City of Poulsbo. 100% of the city has the potential for damage and loss of life from severe storms. Landslides & Erosion Probability of Occurrence: Low The City of Poulsbo has only a slight vulnerable to Landslides based on previous LIDAR studies. Some areas outside the city are vulnerable, as noted in Figure 81. Figure 80: City of Poulsbo Water Hydrology (Kitsap County GIS Department). Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 274 Figure 81: LIDAR Data on Landslide, City of Poulsbo (USGS). Building Exposure to Landslides11 Community Buildings within Landslide Zone Building Value with Landslide Zone Poulsbo 40 $9.8 Million Table 69: Poulsbo Building Exposure to Landslides. Earthquakes Probability of Occurrence: High Like all of Kitsap County, the City of Poulsbo is vulnerable to earthquakes. Some models show damage from the Seattle Fault associated earthquake as well as faults in South Puget Sound. Poulsbo experienced little damage during the Nisqually earthquake of 2001, mostly due to a significant number of older homes in the City limits. Although a significant earthquake with extensive shaking could cause serious damage, liquefaction in the downtown area could damage major roads into downtown from the west, and damage residential and commercial buildings. Along this corridor are apartment complexes and senior assist facilities. Roads damage would disrupt life-safety response and alternative routes into downtown. Figure 82 shows liquefaction susceptible areas in Poulsbo. The Moderate to High areas are those noted in the previous discussion. High areas are along the waterfront in the downtown area. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 275 Figure 82: Liquefaction in Poulsbo. Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake5, 96, 97 Community Total Estimated Building Value Total Number of Buildings Number of Buildings in the Moderate- High Liquefaction Zone Percentage of Buildings in the Moderate- High Liquefaction Zone Building Dollar Loss for a Seattle 7.2 Event Loss Ratio (Dollar Losses/Total Building Value) Poulsbo $865 Million 3,160 50 2% $67.5 Million 7.8% Table 70: Hazus Earthquake Results for a Seattle M 7.2 Earthquake. Note: The above table shows the total estimated building value by community, total number of buildings by community, total number of buildings within the moderated to high liquefaction zone, and percentage of buildings within the moderate to high liquefaction zone. In addition, buildings losses are reported for a Seattle Fault 7.2 magnitude event as well as a loss ratio. A loss ratio is calculated by dividing the dollar loss by the total building value. The loss values are for building losses only; additional damages to infrastructure and building contents are not captured in this table. *Information from the military base was not included in the assessment for the City of Bremerton. **No building data was available for the Port Gamble S’Klallam Indian Reservation from Kitsap County, so the results are shown as unknown. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 276 Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Poulsbo 90, 33 Community Number of Pre- Code Buildings (before 1975) Percent Pre-Code Buildings Number of Moderate Code Buildings (after 1975) Percent of Moderate Code Buildings Poulsbo 1359 23% 3929 77% Note: Pre-code buildings are those that are built prior to 1975. Moderate code are those built after 1975. These dates were chosen based on when the seismic provisions were incorporated into the building code statewide, which was 1975. Please note that the analysis in Hazus used the following dates: Pre-code are any buildings prior to 1941. Moderate Code were any buildings after 1941, which is the default Hazus methodology. Please refer to the appendix for additional information. Table 71: Pre-Code versus Moderate Code Building in Kitsap County. Tsunamis & High Waves Probability of Occurrence: Moderate There is some potential for a tsunami affecting the City of Poulsbo. Subduction Earthquakes along the Washington coast would cause a surge of seawater along the coastal areas of the Straits of Juan De Fuca’s. Such a tsunami may cause a surge of water along the shores of Liberty Bay and the city of Poulsbo. As noted below in the map, some areas along the shore of Liberty Bay may see damage from the surge, but the downtown area would experience little effect except for the marinas. Damage from such an event may force boats and docks up along the shoreline damaging facilities and boats. Very little of the population would be affected except for live-a-boards and those living in residence along the banks of Liberty Bay. There is no history of tsunamis along the Banks of Liberty Bay. Liberty Bay is closed to the Puget Sound waters and masked by Poulsbo from surges. Some damage may be to businesses at the end of Liberty Bay to the North. Figure 83: Tsunami Models, City of Poulsbo (Kitsap County GIS Department). Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 277 Drought Probability of Occurrence: Low Drought is most likely to affect the entire county. Hazard assessment information on drought can be found in the Drought Mitigation Strategies section. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 278 City of Poulsbo Asset Profile90 Location Poulsbo, WA Year Built Type of Construction Bldg. Sq. Building & Contents Value Number of Stories Type of Protection Critical Facility (Yes/No) American Legion Park 2004 Playground, Tables, Restrooms 200 $1,500,000 1 Locked No Austurbruin Park 1999 Playground, Tables $200,000 Fenced No Betty Iverson Kiwanis Park 1986 Playground, Tables, Picnic Shelter, BBQs $750,000 No Centennial Park 1968 Tables, Pergolas, Bridge, Observation Deck 1,800 $75,000 No City Hall 2010 All Combustible 30,000 $15,000,000 3 Locked Yes Decant Facility/SW Transfer Station 2016 3,956 $2,500,000 Fenced No Decant Facility/SW Transfer Station Restroom Building 2016 300 $100,000 Fenced Locked No Forest Rock Hills Park 1999 Playground, Tables, Benches $255,000 Locked No Lincoln Water Treatment Plant 2018 589 $1,500,000 Locked No Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 279 Lions Park 2000 Restrooms, Tables, Tennis Court, Playground $2,750,000 1 Fenced No MIW Waterfront Park 1976 Boardwalk, Gazebo, Restrooms, Pavilion, Benches, Tables 576 $8,000,000 1 No Nelson Park-Log Cabin/Museum 1996 All Combustible 480 $75,000 1 Locked No Nelson Park 2004 Picnic Shelter, Tables, Windmill, Playground $600,000 1 No Nelson Park Caretakers Residence 1996 All Combustible 1,200 $500,000 2 Locked No Nelson Park Restroom/Storage Building (one unit) 1996 All Combustible 864 $500,000 1 Locked No Net Shed Vista Park 2000 Tables $75,000 Fenced No Oyster Park 2000 Pier, Ramp, Float 3,000 $1,500,000 No Parks & Rec Bldg 1987 All Combustible 15,000 $5,000,000 2 Locked No Poulsbo's Fish Park 2002 Boardwalk, Platforms, Bridges, Pergola $1,400,000 No Public Works Facility (Iverson Shops) 1960 All Combustible 12,994 $1,000,000 1 Locked Yes PW Admin Bldg (Quansethut) 1970 Metal 2,623 $750,000 1 Locked Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 280 Raab Park 2007 Picnic Shelter, Tables, Playground, Play-for-All Playground, Skate Park, Basketball Court 1,860 $1,000,000 No Raab Park Caretaker's Mobile Home 1972 All Combustible 1,440 $300,000 1 Locked No Raab Park Restrooms 2008 All Combustible 800 $500,000 1 Locked No Raab Park Storage Garage 2009 All Combustible 640 $300,000 1 Locked No Sewer Lift Station - 6th Ave 2015 (N-C) $750,000 Fenced Locked Yes Sewer Lift Station - 9th Ave 2015 (N-C) $600,000 Fenced Locked Yes Sewer Lift Station - Applewood 1992 (N-C) $500,000 Fenced Locked Yes Sewer Lift Station - Bond 2007 (N-C) $3,000,000 Fenced Locked Yes Sewer Lift Station - Liberty 2017 (N-C) $600,000 Fenced Locked Yes Sewer Lift Station - Lindvig 2000 (N-C) $1,500,000 Fenced Locked Yes Sewer Lift Station - Marine Science Center 1991 (N-C) $2,000,000 Fenced Locked Yes Sewer Lift Station - Village/7th Ave 2017 (N-C) $1,500,000 Fenced Locked Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 281 Water Station - 10th Ave PRV 1991 (N-C) $100,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Station - Caldart PRV 2006 (N-C) $100,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Station - Commerce PRV 2017 (N-C) $100,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Station - Finn Hill/Staffordshire PRV 0 (N-C) $100,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Station - Forest Rock PRV 1996 (N-C) $100,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Station - Mesford PRV 0 (N-C) $150,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Station - Olhava PRV 2000 (N-C) $150,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Pump Station – Poulsbo Place Booster 2003 (N-C) $100,000 Locked Yes Water Pump Station – Pugh (and Pugh Tank) 1989 (N-C) 598 $5,000,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Station - Stendahl Ridge PRV 2007 (N-C) $150,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Station - Swanson PRV 0 (N-C) $100,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Station - Viking Ave PRV 2017 (N-C) $150,000 Locked Yes Water Station - Vikings Landing PRV 2014 (N-C) $100,000 Fenced Locked Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 282 Water Pump Station - Wilderness Booster 0 (N-C) $75,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Station - Wilderness PRV 0 (N-C) $100,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Tank - 4th Ave 1975 (N-C) $1,250,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Tank - Raab Park 1967 (N-C) $2,000,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Tank - Wilderness Park Tank 1980 (N-C) 200 2,500,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Tank - Caldart (2) 1990 (N-C) $1,500,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Tank - Finn Hill 1981 (N-C) $1,000,000 Fenced Locked Yes Water Tank - Olhava 2004 (N-C) 200 $3,500,000 Fenced Locked Yes Well - Bus Barn Well 1940 (N-C) 288 $500,000 Locked No Well - Lincoln Rd Well #2 1968 (N-C) 200 $1,000,000 Fenced Locked Yes Well - Lincoln Rd Well #1 1968 (N-C) 276 $750,000 Fenced Locked Yes Well – Pugh (see Pugh Pump Station) 1988 (N-C) Fenced Locked Yes Well - Westside 2003 (N-C) 200 $1,500,000 Fenced Locked Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2019 • 283 Well - Big Valley 1975 Masonry Combustible 286 $1,500,000 Fenced Locked Yes Asset Profile Total Values: $75-$80 MIL Table 72: Asset Profile City of Poulsbo. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 284 Appendix B: Capability Assessment In support of the overall effort, Kitsap County Government and its independent jurisdictions inventoried and analyzed existing capabilities, ability and improve identified capabilities to achieve mitigation, plans, programs, and policies that enhance our ability to implement mitigation strategies. This section summarizes the findings of the Capability Assessment in the following order: • Overview of County Information • County and City-Specific Government Information • County and City Map Locations • Infrastructure Information • Critical and Essential Facilities Information • Transportation Information • Vulnerable Populations Information • Cultural and Historical Asset Information • An assessment of legal and regulatory capabilities • Development and permitting capabilities • An assessment of fiscal capabilities • An assessment of administrative and technical capabilities • An assessment of education and outreach capabilities • Information on National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) compliance • Classifications under various community mitigation programs • Hazard Mitigation Resources • The community’s adaptive capacity for the impacts of climate change Participating Jurisdictions ability to expand and improve the identified capabilities to achieve mitigation 1) Each participating / adopting jurisdiction through their jurisdictional governmental policy has the ability and authority to expand on and improve any identified capability to achieve increased mitigation. 2) Upon expanding or improving on any capability the jurisdiction will notify the Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management and the other partner jurisdictions so each can evaluate the possibility of including the expanded capabilities within the whole plan or within their jurisdictional. 3) During the next 5-year review and edit phase all expansions developed will be evaluated to determine ongoing relevance for inclusion in future Kitsap County MHMP’s. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 285 Government Agency/ Department Role Contact More Information Department of Administrative Services The Department of Administrative Services (DAS) operates under the Board of County Commissioners. DAS helps county departments optimize their performance by providing centralized services and support in a cost effective manner. Director: Amber Dunwiddie Located in the Administration Building Kitsap County Department of Administrative Services 619 Division St., Fourth Floor Port Orchard, WA 98366 (360) 337-5777 lreyes@co.kitsap.wa.us https://www.kitsapgov.co m/das/Pages/default.asp x Agency/ Department Role Contact More Information Kitsap County Advisory Groups Accessible Communities Advisory Committee Area Agency on Aging Advisory Council Arts Board Board of Equalization Boundary Review Board Bremerton Kitsap Access TV Citizens Advisory Committee Commission on Children and Youth Advisory Board Council for Human Rights Developmental Disabilities Advisory Board Fair Board Grant Review Committees for Block Grants Kitsap Regional Library Board of Trustees Law Enforcement Officers & Firefighters Disability Lodging Tax Advisory Committee Long-Term Care Ombudsman Advisory Council Mental Health, Chemical Dependency and Therapeutic Court Citizens Advisory Board Non-Motorized Facilities Citizen Advisory Committee Noxious Weed Control Board Olympic Workforce Development Council Parks and Recreation Advisory Board Planning Commission Public Facilities District Board of Directors Salish Behavioral Health Organization Advisory Board Sheriff's Civil Service Commission Solid Waste Advisory Committee Veterans Advisory Board Washington State Ferries Advisory Committees https://www.kitsapgov.co m/BOC_p/Pages/Adviso ry-Boards-.aspx Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 286 Kitsap County Department of Community Development The Department of Community Development is responsible for coordinating the City's community development and neighborhood stabilization and revitalization efforts including financial empowerment and home retention, affordable housing, and homelessness services programs. The department also does the following: permitting, inspection, planning and environmental programs, codes, etc. Director: David Lynam 619 Division St. Port Orchard, WA 98366 (360) 337-5777 help@kitsap1.com *Planners & Review Staff Available: https://www.kitsapgov.co m/dcd/Pages/default.asp x Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management (KCDEM) is responsible for providing the emergency and disaster needs of the greater Kitsap County area including the cities of Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Poulsbo, Port Orchard and the unincorporated areas of Silverdale. Director: Jan Glarum 8900 Imperial Way SW, WA 98312 (360) 307-5871 dem@co.kitsap.wa.us http://www.kitsapdem.or g/about-us.aspx Kitsap County Human Resources The HR department is chiefly responsible for establishing and implementing employment policies and procedures. Director: Denise Greer 507 Austin Avenue Port Orchard, WA 98366 (360) 337-7185 humanresources@co.kitsap. wa.us https://www.kitsapgov.co m/hr/Pages/default.aspx Kitsap County Human Services To provide essential services that address individual and community needs, preserve the rights and dignity of those they serve, and promote the health and well-being of all Kitsap residents Supervisor: Hannah Shockley 507 Austin Avenue Port Orchard, WA 98366 (360) 337-4604 hshockle@co.kitsap.wa.us https://www.kitsapgov.co m/hs/Pages/Default%20 Home%20Page%20HS. aspx Kitsap County Information Services Information Services is the central information technology hub for Kitsap County, located in the County Courthouse. The group provides technology infrastructure, development, support and network solutions to all County departments and some other local government entities. Director: Craig Adams First Floor, Room 108 County Courthouse Port Orchard, WA 98366 (360) 337-5777 helpdesk@co.kitsap.wa.us https://www.kitsapgov.co m/dis/Pages/default.asp x Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 287 Kitsap County Parks Parks is committed to providing quality-of-life enhancing opportunities through the management of natural areas and stewardship and offering an outstanding service-oriented environment. Director: Alex Wisniewski 1195 NW Fairgrounds Rd, Bremerton, WA 98311 (360) 337-5350 parks@co.kitsap.wa.us https://www.kitsapgov.co m/parks Kitsap County Public Works Provide the citizens of Kitsap County with quality service in the planning, maintenance, and operations of public works facilities. Director: Andrew Nelson 614 Division Street. MS - 26 Port Orchard, WA 98366 (360) 337-5777 help@kitsap1.com https://www.kitsapgov.co m/pw/Pages/default.asp x More information regarding Government in Kitsap County can be found in the Kitsap County Profile section starting on page 36, and on the following link https://www.kitsap.gov/government/county-organization/county-departments-offices Various county and city-specific agencies, departments, and officials are listed in the Participating Jurisdictions, Agencies, & Organizations table starting on page 9. City-specific Government information can be found on the following pages: • Bainbridge Island: 182-206 • Bremerton: 207-232 • Port Orchard: 233-254 • Poulsbo: 255-283 City-Specific City Manager information can be found on page 299 for Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo. County and City Maps Maps from various county, state, and federal agencies and departments are included in this document. Some of those agencies include Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management, Kitsap County Information Services, Kitsap County Community Development, FEMA, NOAA, WADNR, as well as city-specific departments. • Maps of Kitsap County as a whole can be found on pages 40, 44, 45, 46, 48, 51, 61, 93, 94, 113, 115, 121 • Maps of different hazards and their effects on the county can be found on the following pages: o Earthquake: 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 79 o Landslide & Erosion: 89, 93, 94, 105 o Tsunami: 100,101, 104, 106 o Wildfire & Urban Fire: 113, 115 o Flood: 121, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, o Severe Storm/Tornado: 139 o Drought: Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 288 • Locations of city-specific location and hazard maps: o Bainbridge Island: 44, 199, 205, 206, 208, 210 o Bremerton: 216, 220, 225, 227, 228, 229, 231 o Port Orchard: 242, 246, 252, 254, 256 o Poulsbo: 264, 266, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 Infrastructure Every jurisdiction is unique. The list of assets that are most important to protect, as well as the criticality of any given facility, can vary widely from community to community. For planning purposes, a jurisdiction should determine criticality based on the relative importance of its various assets for the delivery of vital services, the protection of special populations, and other important functions. Infrastructure may be considered critical for a variety of reasons. Infrastructure information can be found on the following pages: • Kitsap County: 142-148 • Bainbridge Island: 190-210, • Bremerton: 215-240, • Port Orchard: 243-262 • Poulsbo: 267-283 Critical & Essential Facilities Critical facilities are those facilities and infrastructure necessary for emergency response efforts and whose loss of function would present an immediate threat to life, public health, and safety. Essential facilities, which are necessary for the health and welfare of an area and are essential during the response and recovery phase of a disaster such as: public safety facilities, hospital, schools. Lifeline utility systems include potable and wastewater treatment plants, electrical generation facilities, and power grid and communications systems. A list of information regarding critical and essential facilities can be found on the following pages: • Kitsap County: 47-57 • Bainbridge Island: 193-197 • Bremerton: 217-240 • Port Orchard: 243-255 • Poulsbo: 266-276 Transportation Transportation systems include airports, ports, harbor, highway, and roads. Information regarding transportation systems can be found on the following pages: • Kitsap County: 49-50 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 289 • Bainbridge Island: 194 • Bremerton: 218 • Port Orchard: 244 • Poulsbo: 267 Vulnerable Populations Information on vulnerable populations can be found on the following pages: • Kitsap County: 46 • Bainbridge Island: 191 • Bremerton: 216 • Port Orchard: 242 • Poulsbo: 264 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 290 Cultural and Historical Assets Cultural and historical assets are those facilities that augment or help define community character that, if lost, would represent a significant loss to the community. Information on cultural and historical assets can be found on the following pages: • Kitsap County: 454-58 • Bainbridge Island: 1203-204, 214 • Bremerton: 240 • Port Orchard: 243 • Poulsbo: 283 Legal and Regulatory Capability Local Authority Other Jurisdiction Authority State Mandated Integration Opportunity? Codes, Ordinances, & Requirements Building Code Comment: Kitsap County Code Title 14 Yes Yes Yes Yes Zoning Code Comment: Kitsap County Code Title 17 Yes Yes Yes Yes Subdivisions Comment: Comprehensive Plan (2016-2036) Yes Yes Yes Yes Stormwater Management Comment: Kitsap County Code Title 12, WA Department of Ecology Storm Water Permit Regulations Yes Yes Yes Yes Post-Disaster Recovery Comment: Kitsap County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (2015) Yes Yes Yes Yes Real Estate Disclosure No No No No Growth Management Comment: Kitsap County Comprehensive Plan (2016-2036) Yes No Yes Yes Site Plan Review Comment: City/County Codes Yes Yes Yes Yes Environmental Protection Comment: WA State Dept of Ecology and Federal EPA No Yes Yes Yes Flood Damage Prevention Comment: Kitsap County, 1980. Ordinance No. 80 - Flood Damage Prevention Regulations, Kitsap County Critical Areas Ordinance, December 2017 Yes Yes No Yes Emergency Management Comment: Kitsap County Code Title 2, Kitsap County CEMP Yes Yes Yes Yes Climate Change No Yes No Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 291 Comment: WA State Dept of Ecology Other: Comprehensive Plan Comment: Kitsap County Comprehensive Plan (2016-2036) Yes Yes Yes Yes Planning Documents Comprehensive Plan Comment: Kitsap County Comprehensive Plan (2016-2036) Yes Yes Yes Yes Capital Facilities Plan (2016-2036) How often is the plan updated? Annually Yes Yes Yes Yes Floodplain or Watershed Plan Comment: Gorst Creek Watershed Plan Yes Yes Yes Yes Stormwater Plan Comment: Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, Kitsap County Stormwater Design Manual 2016, 2019 Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) Yes Yes No Yes Urban Water Management Plan Comment: Kitsap County Ground Water Management Plan, Kitsap County Coordinated Water System Plan Yes Yes No Yes Habitat Conservation Plan Comment: Washington State Department of Natural Resources Habitat Conservation Plan, Kitsap County Code Title 19 No Yes No Yes Economic Development Plan Comment: Kitsap County Comprehensive Plan (2016-2036) Yes Yes Yes Yes Shoreline Management Plan Comment: Kitsap County Shoreline Master Program, Kitsap County Regional Shoreline Restoration Project, Kitsap County Code Title 22 Yes Yes Yes Yes Community Wildfire Protection Plan Comment: Bainbridge Island Community Wildfire Protection Plan, WADNR Wildland Fire Protection 10-Year Strategic Plan Yes Yes Yes Yes Forest Management Plan No No No No Climate Action Plan No No No No Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Comment: Kitsap County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan 2015 Yes No Yes Yes Threat & Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment Comment: Kitsap County HIVA 2019 Yes Yes No Yes Post-Disaster Recovery Plan Yes Yes No Yes Comment: Kitsap County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan 2015 Continuity of Operations Plan Comment: Continuity of Operations (COOP) Plan (under development) Yes Yes Yes Yes Public Health Plan Comment: Kitsap County Health District Emergency Response Plan Yes Yes Yes Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 292 Planning/ Regulatory Tool Kitsap County Bainbridge Island Bremerton Port Orchard Poulsbo Emergency Operations/Emergency Management Plan √ √ √ √ √ Hazard Mitigation Plan √ Comprehensive Land Use Plan √ √ √ √ √ Open Space Management Plan (Parks & Rec/Greenway Plan √ √ √ √ √ Stormwater Management Plan/Ordinance √ √ √ √ √ Natural Resource Protection Plan Flood Response Plan Continuity of Operations Plan √ Disaster Recovery Plan √ Economic Development Plan √ √ √ √ √ Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance √ √ √ √ √ Zoning Ordinance √ √ √ √ √ Subdivision Ordinance √ √ √ √ √ Unified Development Ordinance √ √ √ √ √ Post-Disaster Redevelopment Ordinance Building Code √ √ √ √ √ Fire Code √ √ √ √ √ National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) √ √ √ √ √ NFIP Community Rating System Development and Permitting Capability Criterion Response Does your jurisdiction issue development permits? If no, who does? If yes, which department? Yes, Kitsap County, Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo Community Development and Public Works departments. Does your jurisdiction have the ability to track permits by hazard area? Yes Does your jurisdiction have a buildable lands inventory? Yes Fiscal Capability Financial Resource Accessible or Eligible to Use? Community Development Block Grants Yes Capital Improvements Project Funding Yes Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes Yes User Fees for Water, Sewer, Gas or Electric Service No Incur Debt through General Obligation Bonds Yes Incur Debt through Special Tax Bonds Yes Incur Debt through Private Activity Bonds No Withhold Public Expenditures in Hazard-Prone Areas No State-Sponsored Grant Programs Yes Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 293 Development Impact Fees for Homebuyers or Developers Yes Other N/A Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 294 Administrative and Technical Capability Staff/Personnel Resource Available? Department/Agency Planners or engineers with knowledge of land development and land management practices Yes Kitsap County, Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo Community Development and Public Works departments. Positions include Director, Administrators, Supervisors, Planners, and Engineers. The Kitsap County Planning Commission is an advisory body that assists the Planning Department in carrying out its duties, including assistance in the preparation and execution of the comprehensive plan and recommendations to the planning department for the adoption of official controls and/or amendments (RCW 36.070.040; Kitsap County Resolution 60-1961, Sec 2), and acts as the research and fact finding agency of the County. Engineers or professionals trained in building or infrastructure construction practices Yes Kitsap County, Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo Community Development and Public Works departments. Positions include Director, Administrators, Supervisors, Planners, and Engineers. Kitsap County Transit Engineers. Planners or engineers with an understanding of natural hazards Yes Kitsap County, Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo Community Development and Public Works departments. Positions include Director, Administrators, Supervisors, Planners, and Engineers. Kitsap County Transit Engineers. Staff with training in benefit/cost analysis No KCDEM Director and EMAT staff Surveyors Yes Kitsap County, Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo Public Works departments. Personnel skilled or trained in GIS applications Yes Numerous county and city departments Scientist familiar with natural hazards in local area Yes Kitsap County, Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Port Orchard, and Poulsbo Community Development and Public Works departments, Kitsap Transit. Emergency Manager Yes Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Grant writers Yes Numerous county and city departments Other N/A Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 295 Education and Outreach Capability Criterion Response Do you have a Public Information Officer or Communications Office? Yes, within the Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management. Do you have personnel skilled or trained in website development? Yes, within the Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management and Information Services, as well as various county and city departments. Most agencies/departments keep up-to-date websites and social media accounts. Do you have hazard mitigation information available on your website? If yes, please briefly describe. Yes, the hazard mitigation plan and hazard vulnerability assessment are routinely uploaded to the kitsapdem.org website where the public can view and download a PDF version of the document. The website also includes standalone information on the natural hazards that affect Kitsap County, as well as terrorism, hazardous materials, and public health information. Do you utilize social media for hazard mitigation education and outreach? If yes, please briefly describe. Yes, KCDEM utilizes the kitsapdem.org website, KCDEM Facebook, and KCDEM Nextdoor accounts to share information, documents, and links to hazard mitigation education and outreach. Various county departments utilize social media for public engagement, warning, and outreach. Do you have any citizen boards or commissions that address issues related to hazard mitigation? If yes, please briefly describe. Kitsap County has various organizations, advisory groups, and steering committees for citizens, which the public is asked to join such as the Central Kitsap Community Council, Manchester Citizens Advisory Committee, Kingston Citizens Advisory Committee, and the Suquamish Citizens Advisory Committee. Nextdoor is also a forum used to engagement with the public regarding providing and requesting hazard mitigation information. Do you have any other programs already in place that could be used to communicate hazard-related information? If yes, please briefly describe. Kitsap County ALERT is the county’s emergency notification system which can be used to communicate hazard-related information, as well as the kitsapdem.org website, KCDEM Facebook, and KCDEM Nextdoor accounts. Do you have any established warning systems for hazard events? If yes, please briefly describe. Kitsap County ALERT is the county’s emergency notification system which can be used to communicate hazard-related information. These emergency alerts could be related to specific hazards that require action be taken such as evacuation, shelter in place, boil water, etc. In addition to the public receiving information on their wireless devices, they may also sign up to receive notification on a traditional landline phone. Adding a location address will provide geographically targeted alerts when an emergency impacts a specific location. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 296 National Flood Insurance Program Compliance Criterion Response What local department is responsible for floodplain management? Kitsap County Community Development Who is your floodplain administrator? (department/position) Kitsap County Community Development Flood Plain Coordinator Are any certified floodplain managers on staff in your jurisdiction? Bainbridge Island has 2, Port Orchard has 1. Bremerton and Poulsbo do not have any. What is the date that your flood damage prevention ordinance was last amended? 1980 Does your floodplain management program meet or exceed minimum requirements? Meets When was the most recent Community Assistance Visit or Community Assistance Contact? 2002 Does your jurisdiction have any outstanding NFIP compliance violations that need to be addressed? No Do your flood hazard maps adequately address the flood risk within your jurisdiction? Yes Does your floodplain management staff need any assistance or training to support its floodplain management program? Yes If so, what type of assistance/training is needed? Floodplain development permitting Does your jurisdiction participate in the Community Rating System (CRS)? No for all. If yes, is your jurisdiction interested in improving CRS Classification? N/A Is your jurisdiction interested in joining the CRS program? No. In 2007, Kitsap County compared the cost to implement CRS versus the savings to citizens which proved insignificant. The County does not have significant flood-prone areas that would benefit from this program. How many flood insurance policies are in force in your jurisdiction? * 926 What is the insurance in force? $318 million What is the premium in force? Unknown How many total loss claims have been filed in your jurisdiction? * Unknown How many claims are still open/were closed without payment? Unknown What were the total payments for losses? Unknown *According to FEMA as of 2015 City-Specific NFIP Information can be found on 120-124. Community Classifications Participating? Classification Date Classified Community Rating System No to all N/A N/A Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule Yes N/A N/A Public Protection Yes N/A N/A Storm Ready No N/A N/A Firewise Yes N/A N/A Bainbridge Island Yes Participating N/A Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 297 Bremerton Yes Participating N/A Port Orchard Yes Participating N/A Poulsbo Yes Participating N/A Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 298 Hazard Mitigation Funding Resources State Mitigation Funding Direct State Disaster Mitigation Funding The state of Washington has PA and IA programs under State-declared disasters State Provision of Non-Federal Match to Federal Mitigation Programs Many federal mitigation programs require a local match of non-federal funds. The match required varies with the program regulations and community being granted funds. These programs, described in detail below, include the Public Assistance (also called 406 mitigation) and Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) which are funded under federally-declared disasters. The matching funds are paid through the State DRF Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) This state-managed program is available only after a Presidential Declaration of Major Disaster. The program funds mitigation planning initiatives and cost-effective mitigation projects designed to reduce or eliminate the effects and costs of future disaster damage. Upon approval of the governor and state legislature, the state may pay a portion of the applicant’s cost share. DR-4418 Grant On March 4, 2019, Federal Disaster Declaration DR-4418 was granted to the state of Washington triggering a new HMGP round. While HMGP is competitive and open to all eligible entities in the state, grant applications from eligible entities within the declared and affected counties will be given priority status. For DR-4418, the declared and affected counties are as follows: • Declared counties: Clallam, Grays Harbor, Island, Jefferson, Mason, Pacific, Snohomish and Whatcom. • Affected (but not declared) counties: King, Kitsap, Lewis, Pierce, Skagit and Thurston. HMGP Post Fire Mitigation Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funding is now available for every Fire Mitigation Assistance Grant (FMAG) declared during calendar years 2017 and 2018 within the state of Washington. This new grant funding is prioritized for pre- and post-wildfire risk reduction projects in the declared counties but is competitively available statewide. Standard HMGP eligibility criteria apply. Each new FMAG in 2018 will trigger a new HMGP grant opportunity. Pre-Disaster Mitigation This annually available, nationally competitive program provides funds for hazard mitigation Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 299 measures designed to reduce injuries, loss of life, and damage and destruction of property. Grants are available for mitigation planning initiatives and cost-effective mitigation projects. Small, impoverished communities and Tribes may be eligible for a 90 percent federal cost share. Flood Mitigation Assistance This annually available program provides funds for cost-effective measures that reduce the risk of flood damage to structures that have flood insurance coverage. Grants are available for planning initiatives to update the flood hazard portion of an applicant’s hazard mitigation plan and for cost-effective flood mitigation projects. Funding for properties that meet the repetitive loss or severe repetitive loss thresholds is available at a 90 percent and 100 percent federal cost share, respectively. Funding for all other Flood Mitigation Assistance grants are available at a 75 percent federal cost share. There are no longer separate Repetitive Flood Claim and Severe Repetitive Loss grant programs. Supporting Mitigation Programs Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Disaster Relief Fund Washington State provides State funding for PA and IA in State-declared disasters and cost share funds for federally declared disasters through the DRF. Block Grant Program The Block Grant Program is funded through the Federal Department of Housing & Urban Development (HUD). Kitsap County receives an annual allocation of Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and HOME Investment Partnership (HOME) funds. The amounts are determined by a formula and the federal budget. The purpose of the program is to provide the community with a source of funds to address a wide range of housing and community needs. The funds are used to support agencies, non-profits, and governments in addressing the needs of low-income and special needs households in the community. CDGB funds are primarily used to fund capital and economic development projects, with a smaller portion used to fund public services. HOME funds are used to fund housing projects. The goal is to assist in the development of decent housing, create suitable living environments and expand economic opportunities for low-income individuals and families. Washington Department of Commerce The Department of Commerce is the one agency in state government that touches every aspect of community and economic development: planning, infrastructure, energy, public facilities, housing, public safety and crime victims, international trade, business services and more. We work with local governments, tribes, businesses and civic leaders throughout the state to strengthen communities so all residents may thrive and prosper. Rural Development Assistance Mini-Grants These grants partially fund plan development, feasibility engineering studies, and capital projects. Mini-grants are awarded by the State Legislature. Unincorporated Community Grants These grants are awarded by the State Legislature to unincorporated communities and nonprofits for a wide range of projects and programs. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 300 Federal Mitigation Funding There are several Federal agencies and programs funding mitigation projects in the State of Washington. Mitigation grants are administered through the Department of Homeland Security as the grantee to local communities functioning as sub-grantees with the State providing the required matching funds for the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). The following table is an overview of grant projects and their eligible programs (Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grants (PDM), Flood Mitigation Assistance Grant (FMA)). FEMA administers HMA grants through Congressional authorization of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 2000 as amended. While many features of the HMA grants overlap, such as the benefit cost analysis (BCA) requirement, each grant program has specific features. Detailed guidance for these grants is provided by FEMA at http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=3649. Activities HMGP PDM FMA Mitigation Projects √ √ √ Property Acquisition and Structure Demolition √ √ √ Property Acquisition and Structure Relocation √ √ √ Structure Elevation √ √ √ Mitigation Reconstruction Dry Floodproofing of Historic Residential Structures √ √ √ Dry Floodproofing of Non-residential Structures √ √ √ Minor Localized Flood Reduction Projects √ √ √ Structural Retrofitting of Existing Buildings √ √ Non-Structural Retrofitting of Existing Buildings and Facilities √ √ Safe Room Construction √ √ Infrastructure Retrofit √ √ Soil Stabilization √ √ Wildfire Mitigation √ √ Post-disaster Code Enforcement √ 5% Initiative Projects √ Hazard Mitigation Planning √ √ √ Management Costs √ √ √ Federal Disaster Mitigation Grants 406 Public Assistance Mitigation FEMA PA repair projects are eligible for additional mitigation funds through 406 PA mitigation. Section 406 of the Stafford Act stipulates the mitigation project must relate directly to the disaster damages. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program In contrast, whenever there is a presidentially-declared disaster in the State of Washington, FEMA offers mitigation grant funds based on a percentage of the overall Federal share of disaster costs (15% in 2013). This program, called the HMGP, was created in 1988 by the Stafford Act, Section 404 (404 mitigation) and allows HMGP funds to be used anywhere in the State if it is stipulated in the State disaster declaration to the President. While HMGP is funded through a presidentially- declared disaster, HMGP funds are not used to repair disaster damage but to reduce future disaster losses through mitigation projects and planning. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 301 Federal Unmet Needs Program Unmet Needs is a program activated in specific disasters based upon a Congressional determination there are unmet needs following a disaster. Mitigation funds may be available for jurisdictions receiving an unmet needs allocation. Mitigation projects are specified in the Unmet Needs allocation. The Unmet Needs program funds up to 75% of an approved project. Additional Primary Federal Mitigation Programs FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grant Program The FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) grant program funds mitigation projects and planning for State, local, and eligible tribal organizations. The PDM program is annual, subject to Congressional appropriation, and nationally competitive. PDM sets aside a minimum monetary amount for each State and offers any remaining funds for national competition. Congress controls the PDM program and may award PDM funds in lieu of any competitive application process. The State is the grantee of PDM funds and communities are the sub-grantees. Grant awards are a 75% Federal/25% applicant cost share match. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2016, PDM program funding totaled approximately $90 million. Communities identified as “small and impoverished” are eligible for 90% Federal and 10% applicant match. Hazard Mitigation Technical Assistance Program Through the Hazard Mitigation Technical Assistance Program (HMTAP), FEMA creates technical products for Federal, State, and local community use. FEMA administers HMTAP contracts with State advisement. HMTAPs continue to be a potential tool to accomplish specific, clearly-defined mitigation planning work as identified by the SHMO. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Grant Program The National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (NTHMP) combines Federal and State partners involved in mitigating tsunami risk. This NOAA-directed program includes Federal partners from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), FEMA, and States with tsunami risk. The State of Alaska serves as a member of the Coordination Committee for the NTHMP and is the grantee for NTHMP funds allocated to Alaska. In Alaska, NTHMP funds are combined with State-managed projects, local community sub-grants, and intra-state reimbursable services agreements (RSAs) for tsunami hazard mapping, outreach and warning systems. In Alaska, the NTHMP is managed though the SHMO. Small Business Administration Business Physical Disaster Loans are available for businesses and non-profit organizations in the area of a declared Federal disaster or Small Business Administration (SBA) declared disaster. SBA often sends representatives on federally-declared disasters to present their disaster loan program. Natural Resource Conservation Service Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 302 Emergency Watershed Protection Program The NRCS is responsible for the Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP) program. EWP provides financial and technical assistance to remove debris from streams, protect destabilized stream banks, establish cover on critically eroding lands, establish conservation practices, and purchase flood plain easements. Department of Defense U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Funding for USACE projects and studies is dependent on Congressional appropriation and program requirements. Additional Federal Agencies • Department of Agriculture o U.S. Forest Service • Department of Commerce o National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration – See above under NTHMP and RCASP. o National Weather Service Office of Coastal Resource Management • Department of Defense o USACE Army Corps of Engineers - National Flood Proofing Committee • Department of Health, Education & Welfare o Center for Disease Control (CDC) • Department of Housing & Urban Development Community Development Block Grant o HOME Investment Partnerships Program • Department of the Interior o U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Bureau of Land Management Bureau of Indian Affairs • Environmental Protection Agency • Department of Transportation o Federal Highway Administration Federal Aviation Administration • National Trust for Historic Preservation Additional Mitigation Grant Resources Information about other grant programs may be found in these sources: • Washington Emergency Management Division: https://mil.wa.gov/disaster-assistance- overview • FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance: https://www.fema.gov/hazard-mitigation-assistance • FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program: https://www.fema.gov/hazard-mitigation-grant- program • FEMA Disaster Assistance: A Guide to Recovery Programs:: https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/31850 Adaptive Capacity for Climate Change for Kitsap County Criterion Jurisdiction Rating* Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 303 Technical Capacity Jurisdiction-level understanding of potential climate change impacts Moderate Jurisdiction-level monitoring of climate change impacts Low Technical resources to assess proposed strategies for feasibility and externalities Low Clear authority/mandate to consider climate change impacts during public decision-making processes Moderate Identified strategies for greenhouse gas mitigation efforts Low Identified strategies for adaptation to impacts Low Champions for climate action in local government departments High Political support for implementing climate change adaptation strategies Moderate Financial resources devoted to climate change adaptation Unsure Local authority over sectors likely to be negative impacted Unsure Public Capacity Local residents’ knowledge of and understanding of climate risk Moderate Local residents’ support of adaptation efforts Moderate Local residents’ capacity to adapt to climate impacts Moderate Local economy current capacity to adapt to climate impacts Unsure Local ecosystems capacity to adapt to climate impacts Unsure *High = Capacity exists and is in use; Moderate = Capacity may exist but is not used or could use some improvement; Low = Capacity does not exist or could use substantial improvement; Unsure= Not enough information is known to assign a rating. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 304 Appendix C: MHMP Update History Steering Committee Hazard Mitigation Strategy Identification Activities 1998 to 2019 1998 to 1999 Planning Process – Overview • Members of the Steering Committee met with representatives from each City and County in the Community to identify Local Hazard Mitigation Strategy recommendations. • The Steering Committee, starting in August of 1998 through April of 1999, met on a monthly basis to identify additional Hazard Mitigation Strategy recommendations and to develop those recommendations received from the political subdivisions. • In January of 1999, the Steering Committee assisted in the facilitation of a Community- Wide Planning • Team full-day meeting to introduce the community to the Hazard Mitigation Strategies identified and received input and prioritization from the Community-Wide Planning Team. Over 80 community participants attended the day-long working session and examined, prioritized, and recommended acceptance or rejection of the Hazard Mitigation Strategies presented. • Following the January meeting, the Steering Committee again examined and prioritized the Hazard Mitigation Strategies incorporating the result from the Community-Wide Planning Team meeting. The Steering Committee further estimated implementation costs for those strategies where possible. • The Kitsap County MHMP and Recovery Plan were formally adopted in October 1999 by the Kitsap County Emergency Management Council (includes the three county commissioners and the mayors of each city). 2003 to 2004 Plan Development – Overview • Members of the Planning Committee met on a bi-monthly/monthly basis from February of 2003 through July of 2004 to review and update the 1999 plan. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 305 • The Planning Committee broke into sub-groups by expertise to review, assess, and evaluate current recommendations, strategies, and priorities and to develop new recommendations, strategies, and priorities as needed. The sub-groups broke down as follows: o Community Groups (Not-for-Profits) o City Community Development o Fire Agencies o School Districts o Ports o Water Purveyors The outcomes of these sub-groups were as followed: 1. Schools – Natural Hazards – Earthquake mitigation and preparedness is still a number one issue for schools. School violence is the terrorist threat that now requires more attention and mitigation activities. 2. Ports reviewed all strategies, but the newest threat is terrorism, and port security will need to be included in the planning process. 3. Fire Agencies confirmed all mitigation strategies for drought were still effective. 4. All other agencies reviewed all strategies and assessed most were current for their organizations. 5. The Planning Committee designed the public outreach process for May of 2004. 6. The Planning Committee further developed an ongoing Planning Committee comprised of one representative from each discipline to meet annually (in April) to evaluate ongoing strategies, update the plan as needed, determine ways to add additional strategies as identified by either the community at large and/or an event that took place in the community that identified areas for mitigation (i.e., earthquake). 2012 Plan Review & Update • All City and Special Purpose District planning partners were contacted in October 2009 to advise them of the periodic update to this plan. All were asked to review their current profile, update profile information and supplemental documents, and place the planning meetings on their calendars for December 2009 through March 2010. • The kickoff meeting was held on December 17th, 2009, and the attending partners agreed on the deadlines for agency-specific documentation delivery. Planning partners unable to attend the meeting on December 17th, 2009 attended a second kick-off meeting on December 28th, 2009. All partners agreed to the delivery deadlines. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 306 • The progress of the MHMP Update was verified at a meeting held on January 21st, 2010. In addition to verifying progress, a subcommittee was formed to review the basic plan from 2004 to determine if the basic plan, process, strategies, and recommendations all remain valid for Kitsap County and associated Cities and Special Purpose Districts based on the HIVA (October 2008). The volunteers for this subcommittee represented a cross- section of all of the planning partners including representatives from Public Works, Schools, Water/Utility, Tribal, City and County Government. These volunteers would review the basic plan in its entirety and provide feedback before the next planning partner meeting.The planning partners met again on February 18th, 2010, for final verification of progress. By this time each partner had made public notice (if applicable), held a hearing on their profile input for the MHMP update, and provided minutes of those board meetings / hearings for inclusion into the plan. All documents were to be electronically submitted for the plan one week from this meeting so that the update of the MHMP could be completed. Each Planning Partner was tasked to: • Review the 2004 MHMP • Update their jurisdiction/agency profile • Evaluate and update their profiles to reflect changes in hazard risk assessments • Evaluate strategies and update profiles for potential terrorist threats and mitigation strategies • Report on completed mitigation strategies to the Committee • Report any concerns that may warrant further action by the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee. • Collaborate with other functional organizations on mitigation strategies Kitsap County MHMP Development - 2010 Date Activity Subject Action Items October 29, 2009 Notification of MHMP Update, kick-off meeting date and the timeline for update Review Current HIVA (October 2008), MHMP (December 2004) and schedule meeting dates Team to review HIVA, MHMP and begin on updates to profiles December 17, 2009 Meeting • Action Items – Review • Plan Profile • Public Notice • Meeting Notice • Meeting Minutes • Follow up MHMP meeting dates Continue development of required elements and updated profile Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 307 December 28, 2009 Meeting • Action Items – Review • Plan Profile • Public Notice • Meeting Notice • Meeting Minutes • Follow up MHMP meeting dates Continue development of required elements and updated profile Kitsap County MHMP Development - 2010 Date Activity Subject Action Items January 21, 2010 Meeting • Review of Project Timeline • Provide Planning • Assistance • Establish Sub-committee Continue development of required elements and updated profile. Sub-committee to review basic plan for necessary updates. February 18, 2010 Meeting Finalize documents and timeline for submission. Sub- committee reports no significant changes to plan, only minor updates to text, data, and fiscal info. The final deadline for submission of all notices, agenda, minutes, and profiles is one week. All planning partners on schedule. February 25, 2010 Partner Documents Deliver all electronic documents for the plan update Await draft plan finalization and approval March 11, 2010 Draft Plan Review Draft Plan to Director Corrections as needed March 12, 2010 Draft Plan Delivery Delivery of Draft Plan to WA EMD Await approval and forwarding to FEMA for final approval. Table 82: Kitsap County MHMP Development - 2010 Such detailed records were not found for the 2015 update cycle. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 308 Appendix D: Stakeholders and Engagement Records Stakeholder Point-of-Contact Information: Bainbridge Island Morgan Smith City Manager – City of Bainbridge Island 280 Madison Ave North Bainbridge Island, WA 206-780-8620 Bremerton Pat McGanney Fire Chief 911 Park Ave Bremerton, WA 360-478-5380 Port Orchard Mark Dorsey Director of Public Works 216 Prospect Street Port Orchard, WA 360-876-4991 Poulsbo Karla Boughton Planning & Economic Development Director 200 NE Moe Street Poulsbo, WA 360-39-9748 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 309 Stakeholder Engagement Records Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 310 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 311 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 312 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 313 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 314 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 315 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 316 This page intentionally left blank. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 317 Appendix E: Special Districts Special districts established under State law (per FEMA) Community Development Districts are special districts that finance, plan, establish, acquire, construct or reconstruct, operate, and maintain systems, facilities, and basic infrastructure within their respective jurisdictions. To be eligible, a Community Development District must be legally responsible for the ownership, maintenance, and operation of an eligible facility that is accessible to the public. Established Kitsap Special Districts by WA State (2013 data) Annapolis Water District No. 1 (1951) - Consolidated Consolidated with Karcher Creek Sewer District 5 to form West Sound Utility District November 2007 election Bainbridge Island Fire Department (FPD #2) Bainbridge Island Bainbridge Island Metropolitan Park and Recreation District (09/2004) Bainbridge Island Bainbridge Island School District No. 303 Bainbridge Island Bremerton School District No. 100-C Part Bremerton Bremerton Transportation Benefit District (2009) Bremerton Central Kitsap Fire and Rescue - Kitsap County Fire District No. 1 In 1977, District No. 11 merged into District No. 15, and a new facility was built with Trident impact funds in the Meadowdale area. In 1989, District No. 9 merged with District No. 15. In 1999, Fire District No. 15 merged with District No. 1 and became Central Kitsap Fire and Rescue (CKFR). On January 1, 2003, Kitsap County Fire District No. 12 officially merged with CKFR. Central Kitsap School District No. 401 Bremerton Crystal Springs Water District No. 3 Boundary includes portions of Bainbridge. Karcher Creek Sewer District No. 5 (1947) - Consolidated Formed as Kitsap County Sewer District No. 5. Consolidated with Annapolis Water District to form West Sound Utility District November 2007. Kitsap Conservation District Kitsap County Consolidated Housing Authority Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 318 Established Kitsap Special Districts by WA State (2013 data) Kitsap County Fire Protection District No. 7 Port Orchard Kitsap County Fire Protection District No. 9 - Merged In 1989, District No. 9 merged with District No. 15. Kitsap County Fire Protection District No. 11 - Merged In 1977, District No. 11 merged into District No. 15. Kitsap County Fire Protection District No. 12 - Merged On January 1, 2003, Kitsap County Fire District No. 12 officially merged with CKFR. Kitsap County Fire Protection District No. 15 - Merged In 1999, Fire District No. 15 merged with District No. 1 and became Central Kitsap Fire and Rescue (CKFR) Kitsap County Fire Protection District No. 18 Poulsbo Kitsap County Health District Kitsap County Public Transportation Benefit Area - Kitsap Transit Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Bainbridge Island Kitsap County Sewer District No. 7 Serves the Fort Ward area of the south end of Bainbridge Island Kitsap Public Facilities District Kitsap Rural Library District - Kitsap Regional Library Port Orchard (8/10) Manchester Water District No. 11 (1942) North Kitsap Fire and Rescue - Kitsap County Fire District No. 10 North Kitsap Hospital District 2 - Dissolved by court November 2005 North Kitsap Park and Recreation Service Area - Status Unknown Poulsbo Created by Interlocal cooperation agreement dated 03/01/1993 between Kitsap County and Poulsbo pursuant to County Resolution 276-1992 and Poulsbo Resolution No. 92-06. North Kitsap School District No. 400 Poulsbo North Perry Avenue Water District No. 13 (1942) Old Bangor Water District No. 19 Port of Bremerton Bremerton, Port Orchard, part Poulsbo Port of Brownsville (Bremerton) Port of Eglon (Kingston) Port of Illahee (Bremerton) Port of Indianola Port of Keyport Port of Kingston Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 319 Established Kitsap Special Districts by WA State (2013 data) Port of Manchester Port of Poulsbo Poulsbo Port of Silverdale Port of Tracyton Part Bremerton Port of Waterman (Port Orchard) Public Utility District No. 1 of Kittitas County Bainbridge, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Poulsbo Rocky Point Water District No. 12 Silverdale Water District No. 16 (1919) South Bainbridge Island Water District #18 - Dissolved Dissolved by Kitsap County Ordinance No. 207, 1997 South Kitsap Park and Recreation District - Dissolved South Kitsap Community Park given to county 06/2007 South Kitsap School District No. 402 Part Bremerton, Port Orchard Sunnyslope Water District No. 15 (1952) Service area includes Bremerton Tracyton Water District No. 17 - Dissolved Kitsap County Superior Court Order dissolving district dated March 27, 2006, effective June 13, 2006 Housing Authority of the City of Bremerton Bremerton Village Green Metropolitan Park District (8/2010) West Hill Water District No. 20 - Disposition Unknown Service area includes Bainbridge West Sound Utility District No. 1 (2007) Formed by the consolidation of Annapolis Water District and Karcher Creek Sewer District in November 2007. Service area includes Port Orchard Table 83: Established Kitsap Special Districts by WA State (2013 data) Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 320 This page intentionally left blank. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 321 Appendix F: References & Authorities References 1. Census Reporter, Kitsap County Demographic Overview, 2023. https://censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US53035-kitsap-county-wa/ 2. Climate Change Impacts in the United States, Chapter 21, Northwest. U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2024. www.globalchange.gov 3. Closed and Abandoned Landfills in Kitsap County, Kitsap County Public Health District, 2014. https://www.bremertonwa.gov/DocumentCenter/View/7674/Item- 7-PDF; verified current 11/2024 4. Inventory of Dams report 2019; WA State Department of Ecology, https://www.utc.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-02/Inventory%20of%20Dams%20Report.pdf 5. Earthquake and Landslide Hazards, Washington State Department of Natural Resources, www.dnr.wa.gov; last updated 2024 6. Hazardous Sites List, Site Register, Washington State Department of Ecology,2022, https://apps.ecology.wa.gov/publications/documents/2209042a.pdf; last updated 2022 7. Internet Crime Report, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2023; https://www.ic3.gov/annualreport/reports/2023_ic3report.pdf; last updated 2023. 8. Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management, Map Library, 2024; https://www.kitsap.gov/dis/Pages/old_maplibrary.aspx; last accessed 11/2024 9. Kitsap County Profile, Washington State Office of Financial Management, 2024; https://ofm.wa.gov/washington-data-research/county-and-city-data/kitsap- county; last accessed 11/2024. 10. Kitsap County GIS and Community Development Websites and Mapping Data, Kitsap County WA, 2018; https://www.kitsap.gov/dcd/Pages/Community_Development_Maps.aspx; last accessed 11/2024. 11. Landslides Mapped from LiDAR Imagery, Kitsap County, Washington; 2008; https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20081292; Verified current 10/2024 12. McKenna, David J. Lidke, and Jeffrey A. Coe, U. S. Department of the Interior and USGS Landslides Triggered by the Winter 1996-97 Storms in the Puget Lowland, Washington. Verified current 10/2024 13. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) statistics, 2024; https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/; last accessed 11/204 14. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) climate mapping, 2024; https://www.climate.gov/maps-data; last accessed 11/2024. 15. OpenStreetMap® maps. https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright. 16. Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network, University of Washington, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, 2024; https://ess.uw.edu/; last updated 12/2024. 17. Baum, R. L., Chleboard, A. F., , and Schuster,R. L., 1998 Landslides Triggered by the Winter 1996-97 Storms in the Puget Lowland, Washington U.S. Department of the Interior and USGS; https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0239/report.pdf 18. SARA Title II Tier Reports for Kitsap County filed with Washington State Department of Ecology, 2023; https://ecology.wa.gov/regulations-permits/reporting- requirements/emergency-planning-community-right-to-know-act/tier-two-reporting; last updated 2023 19. US Department of Homeland Security National Preparedness Goal, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2022; https://www.dhs.gov/national-preparedness- goal; last accessed 10/2024 20. Washington Department of Health Outbreak Information,2024; https://doh.wa.gov/public-health-provider-resources/notifiable-conditions/outbreak-reporting; last updated 11/2024 21. Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Geologic Information Portal, 2024. https://www.dnr.wa.gov/geologyportal. 22. Washington State Enhanced Mitigation Plan 2023; https://mil.wa.gov/asset/651ec296d76a9/2023_WA_SEHMP_final_20231004.pdf. 23. Washington State Preparedness Report (SPR): SPR Capabilities Assessment 2023; https://mil.wa.gov/asset/64a6db53807c2/Final%20-%202024- 2026%20IPP_C1.pdf 24. Sovacool,, B. K., 2011 Hard and soft paths for climate change adaptation, Climate Policy, doi:10.1080/14693062.2011.579315 https://www.globalsupportprogramme.org/sites/default/files/downloads/sovacool-cp-hardsoft.pdf 25. FEMA 2022; Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide; https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_local-mitigation-planning-policy-guide_042022.pdf Last Updated 4/2023 26. FEMA, 2023 ; National Risk and Capability Assessmment; https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/national-preparedness/goal/risk-capability-assessment) last updated 6/2023 27. FEMA 2024; Cost Benefit Analysis; https://www.fema.gov/benefit-cost-analysis; last updated 11/2024 28. FEMA 2023; Hazard Mitigation Planning; https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/risk-management/hazard-mitigation-planning last updated 11/2023 29. FEMA 2013; Mitigation Ideas; https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/fema-mitigation-ideas_02-13- 2013.pdf#:~:text=The%20suggested%20mitigation%20actions%20are%20summarized%20into%20four,Systems%20Protection%2C%20and%20%284%29%20 Education%20and%20Awareness%20Programs 30. United States Census Bureau 2023; Kitsap County Population demographics; https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/kitsapcountywashington Last updated 7/2023 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 322 31. Municipal Research and Services Center (MRSC) 2024 http://mrsc.org/Home/About-MRSC.aspx; last updated 2024 32. Kitsap County Department of Community Development, 2018; https://www.kitsap.gov/dcd; verified current 10/2024 33. Esri Demographics (July 2024) https://washington.hometownlocator.com/wa/kitsap/ 34. Kitsap population and Vulnerability Starburst 2024; https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/kitsap.public.health.district.assessment.and.epi.team/viz/KitsapStarburst_16886600415440/KitsapStarburst; Last updated 7/2024 35. United States Census Bureau (2017-2020) and Esri Demographics (July 2024) https://washington.hometownlocator.com/wa/kitsap/ 36. Washington Employment Security Department 2022, https://esd.wa.gov/labormarketinfo/county-profiles/kitsap; last updated 5/2022 37. FEMA Flood Mapping Kitsap County 2024; https://www.fema.gov/flood-maps; last updated 1/2024 38. FEMA Risk Report for Kitsap County (2015) 39. FEMA Risk Management 2024; https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/risk-management; last updated 11/2024 40. Bainbridge Island Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2022; https://www.bifd.org/pdfs/wildfire_related_2022/FINAL_CWPP_UPDATE_101322.pdf; last updated 2022 41. City of Bainbridge Island - Planning Department (2019) 42. City of Bainbridge Island Sea Level Rise 2023; https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/1f22ceaa04bb48c7b0d26175a028295c; last updated 2023 43. City of Bainbridge Island 2024; Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan; https://www.bainbridgewa.gov/DocumentCenter/View/18907/2024- Comprehensive-Emergency-Management-Plan-CEMP?bidId=; last updated 2024 44. Kitsap County Profile 2024; https://www.kitsapeda.org/; last updated 2024 45. Washington State Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan 2023; https://mil.wa.gov/asset/651ec296d76a9/2023_WA_SEHMP_final_20231004.pdf; last updated 10/2023 46. Washington Department of Natural Resources / GIS services 2024; https://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and-services/geology/publications-and-data/gis-data-and- databases; last updated 2024 47. FEMA Risk Maps, Kitsap County, and partner cities 2015; https://www.bainbridgewa.gov/DocumentCenter/View/6701/Final_Kitsap_Risk_Report_UpdateStrategies?; last updated 2015 48. FEMA GIS Hazard Risk Map 2024; https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map; last accessed 10/2024 49. USGS- Kitsap County reports, 2024; https://www.usgs.gov/search?keywords=Kitsap%20County&page=0; last updated 2024 50. USGS 2017, revisiting the OSO Landslide; https://www.usgs.gov/news/revisiting-oso-landslide; last updated 11/2017 51. Kitsap County GIS figures 2024; https://www.kitsap.gov/services/Pages/Map-Library.aspx; last updated; 4/2024 52. Kitsap Flood Risk Report 2024; https://firststreet.org/county/kitsap-county-wa/53035_fsid/flood; last updated 9/2024 53. Kitsap Fire Risk Report 2024; https://firststreet.org/county/kitsap-county-wa/53035_fsid/fire; last updated 7/2024 54. Climate Impacts Group, Collect of the Environment, University of Washington 2015; https://cig.uw.edu/wp- content/uploads/sites/2/2014/11/ps- sok_sec05_sediment_2015.pdf; last updated 2015 55. City of Poulsbo Critical Areas 2025; https://cityofpoulsbo.com/criticalareasupdate/ last updated 12/2024 56. City of Port Orchard Critical Area Ordinance 2024; https://www.codepublishing.com/WA/PortOrchard/html/PortOrchard20/PortOrchard20162.html; last updated 7/2024 57. City of Bremerton Critical Area Ordinance 2024; https://www.codepublishing.com/WA/Bremerton/html/Bremerton20/Bremerton2014.html#:~:text=The%20purpose%20of%20this%20chapter%20is%20to%20pro tect,standards%20for%20development%20in%20association%20with%20these%20area; Last updated 9/2024 58. Washington State Department of Natural Recourses, Tsunami, 2024https://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and-services/geology/geologic- hazards/Tsunamis#tsunamis-in-; last updated 2024 59. Maria Arcos 2012, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, The A.D. 900–930 Seattle-Fault-Zone Earthquake with a Wider Coseismic Rupture Patch and Postseismic Submergence: Inferences from New Sedimentary Evidence,. http://faculty.washington.edu/cpetroff/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2012/10/Arcos_2012_Seattle_fault.pdf; Vol. 102, No. 3, pp. –, June 2012, doi: 10.1785/0120110123 60. Kitsap County Hazard Identification & Vulnerability Assessment 2015; https://www.kitsapdem.com/disasters/ 61. National Research Council Sea level Rise for the Coast of California, Oregon, and Washinton 2012; http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=13389 ; last accessed 11/2024 62. Balch, J. K.; Bradley, B. A; Abatzoglou, J. T., NagyR. C; Fusco. E. J., Mahood, A. L., (2017) Human-started wildfires expand the fire niche across the United States; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Mar 14;114(11):2946-2951; 10.1073/pnas.1617394114; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28242690/ 63. National Wildfire Coordinating Group Glossary of Wildland fires, PMS 205; https://www.nwcg.gov/term/glossary/flash-fuels; last accessed 10/2024 64. Kitsap County Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (2015) 65. Washington State Drought legislation, https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=43.83B.400 66. Kitsap Economic Development Alliance 2024; https://www.kitsapeda.org/; last updated 2024 67. US Drought Monitor Drought Severity Classification System: https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/AboutUSDM/AbouttheData/DroughtClassification.aspx; last updated 12/2024 68. National Integrated Drought Information System (2024), https://www.drought.gov/drought/states/washington; Last Accessed 11/2024 69. US Environmental Protection Agency; What Climate Change means for Washington; https://www.epa.gov/wa; last updated 11/2024 70. City of Bainbridge Island (COBI) Finance Department, Bainbridge Island (2024) 71. City of Bremerton - Planning Commission, 2024; https://www.bremertonwa.gov/230/Planning-Commission; last updated 12/2024 72. National Registry of Historic Places, Washington, 2024; https://catalog.archives.gov/id/74615694; last accessed 11/2024 73. Port Orchard, Sidney Museum and the Arts http://www.sidneymuseumandarts.com; Last accessed 11/2024 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 323 74. Western Washington Center for the Arts; https://www.wwca.us ; Last accessed 11/2024 75. Port Orchard Fathoms of Fun; https://www.fathomsofun.org; last accessed 11/2024 76. FEMA mitigation for homeowners 2023; https://www.fema.gov/fact-sheet/mitigation-homeowners, Last updated 9/2023 77. https://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/96/342.pdf 78. PUBLIC LAW 91-606- https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-84/pdf/STATUTE-84-Pg1744.pdf#page=14 79. Stafford Act; https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/15271 80. Washington State Administrative Procedure Act WAC; https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=34.05&full=true 81. Washington State Emergency Management WAC; https://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=38.52 82. Washington States Growth Management—Planning by Selected Counties and Cities WAC; https://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=36.70A 83. Washington State Public Water Supplies WAC; https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/331-010.pdf 84. Kitsap County Code; https://www.codepublishing.com/WA/KitsapCounty/html/KitsapOT.html 85. Kitsap County Ordinance Disposition Table; https://www.codepublishing.com/WA/KitsapCounty/html/KitsapOT.html 86. Introduction and Approval Procedures; https://www.codepublishing.com/WA/KitsapCounty/#!/Kitsap19/Kitsap19100.html#19.100 87. FEMA 2024; Hazard Mitigation Planning; https://www.fema.gov/hazard-mitigation-planning; last updated 11/2024 88. Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management, ,2024; https://www.kitsapdem.com/; last updated 11/2024 89. Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington , 2024; https://mrsc.org/explore-topics/government-organization/special-districts/special-purpose- district-contents, Last updated 2024. 90. City of Port Orchard Community Planning Commission, 2024; https://portorchardwa.gov/departments/planning-commission/ ; last updated 12/2024 91. City of Poulsbo Planning Commission, 2024; https://cityofpoulsbo.com/planning-commission/; last updated 12/2024 92. Suquamish Tribal Council 2024; https://suquamish.nsn.us/home/government/; last updated 2024 93. Port Gamble S’Klallam, Tribal Council 2024; https://pgst.nsn.us/tribal-council/; last updated 2024 94. FEMA 2024, Declared Disasters by Region and State; https://www.fema.gov/locations/washington, Last updated 2024 95. FEMA 2024, Declared Disaster by State and County, Kitsap County; https://www.fema.gov/data-visualization/disaster-declarations-states-and-counties; last updated 2024 96. Northwest Geological Society (NWGS), 2024; https://nwgs.org/, last updated 11/2024 97. The Geological Society of Washington, 2024; https://www.gswweb.org/; last updated 12/2024 98. Satake, K. (2014). Chapter 24, The 2011 Tohoku, Japan, Earthquake and Tsunami. Extreme Natural Hazards, Disaster Risks and Societal Implications, Cambridge University Press, p. 340-351. 99. UNESCO/IOC (2012). Summary Statement from the Japan - UNESCO - UNU Symposium on The Great East Japan Tsunami on 11 March 2011 and Tsunami Warning Systems: Policy Perspectives 16 - 17 February 2012 100. Washington State Office of Financial Management, 2024l; https://ofm.wa.gov/washington-data-research/county-and-city-data/kitsap-county; Last updated 2024 101. First Street Technologies Inc, The Standard for Climate Risk Financial Modeling; 2024; https://firststreet.org/; last updated 2024 102. US Department of Agriculture, Wildland Fire & Natural Resource Management, 2024; https://www.landfire.gov/; Last updated 2024 103. USGS, Foundational data for interagency fire and land management; https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/wildland-fire-science/landfire-foundational-data- interagency-fire-and-land; Last updated 2024 104. FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), 2024; https://www.floodsmart.gov/flood-zones-and-maps; last updated 2024 105. FEMA Community Rating system, 2024; https://www.fema.gov/floodplain-management/community-rating-system; Last updated 2024 106. Kitsap County DEM, 2018; Port orchard Tornado; https://www.kitsap.gov/Documents/Tornado%20Response%2012-19-2018.pdf; verified 10/2024 107. Tornado Project Online, Washington Tornadoes 1950-2012; https://tornadoproject.com/alltorns/watorn.htm, Verified 10/2024 108. The Weather Channel, 2024; Rare Tornado Warning in Western Washington; https://weather.com/storms/severe/video/rare-tornado-warnings-issued-in-olympic- peninsula; Verified 10/2024 109. Weather.com, 2018; Port Orchard Tornado; https://weather.com/news/news/2018-12-18-severe-storms-tornado-damage-port-orchard-washington; verified 11/2024 110. Kitsap Public Utilities District (KPUD), 2024, Rain volume; http://kpudhydrodata.kpud.org/APSFED_RAIN.aspx; Verified 11/2024 111. NOAA Weather, Historic view, 2024; https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=sew; verified 10/2024 112. Department of Homeland Security, 2024, All Hazards Approach to Hazard Planning; https://www.dhs.gov/archive/plan-and-prepare-disasters, verified 11/2024 113. Waugh, W.l., 2004, Terrorism and the All Hazards Model, https://training.fema.gov/emiweb/downloads/waugh%20-%20terrorism%20and%20planning.doc, Verified 11/2024 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 324 Authority Federal Laws 1. "The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950”2 Provides general information to mitigation planners on the history of emergency planning response in the United States. Although it does not focus on natural mitigation strategies, it provides a background read on threats and the protection of life and property in the U.S. 2. Public Law 96-342 “The Improved Civil Defense Act of 1980” 3 Provides general information to mitigation planners on the history of emergency planning response in the United States. Although it does not focus on natural mitigation strategies, it provides a background read on threats and the protection of life and property in the U.S. This bill enhanced the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 to improve emergency warning systems, establishment of better command and control through emergency operations, and improvements in preparing for potential threat (mostly hostile). The document provides a background in the history of mitigation measures in the U.S. 3. Public Law 91-606 “Disaster Relief Act"4 Public Law 91-606 was enacted in 1970 and a prelude to the Stafford Act. It provided provision for public relief after a disaster and provided Federal support from agencies to respond during disasters. The document provides general background information on disaster relief and assists locals in understanding the history and provision of disaster relief. 4. Public Law 93-288 “The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief Act of 1988”5 The Disaster Act of 1974 was amended in 1988 as the Robert T. Stafford Act which provided provision for disaster relief to include pre-disaster mitigation plans and strategies. This document sets the stage in defining this mitigation plan for local and its mitigation strategists. The Robert T. Stafford Act was amended in 2016. 5. “Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000”6 This document amended the Robert T. Stafford Relief Act of 1988 to include among other revisions, “encouraging hazard mitigation measures to reduce losses from disasters, including the development of land use and construction regulations.” Along with the Robert T. Stafford Act, these documents are essential to local planners in defining mitigation strategies for their jurisdictions. 6. “FEMA’s Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance under the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000-Revision 2008”7 FEMA’s guide on multi-hazard mitigation planning is designed to help interpret the rules in the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. It defines requirements of original and updated plans to ensure rules are met. This guidance is essential for mitigation planning and the core document for processing the development and adoption of the plan. 7. Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 325 This act amended the Homeland Security Act and modified the Stafford Act with respect to the organizational structure, authorities, and responsibilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Following this Act, FEMA now leads the coordination of and supports the Nation in a risk-based, comprehensive emergency management system of preparedness, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery. Further this act amended the HAZARD MITIGATION GRANT PROGRAM FORMULA by striking ‘‘7.5 percent’’ and inserting ‘‘15 percent for amounts not more than $2,000,000,000, 10 percent for amounts of more than $2,000,000,000 and not more than $10,000,000,000, and 7.5 percent on amounts of more than $10,000,000,000 and not more than $35,333,000,000’’. State Laws 1. Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 34.05 Administrative Procedure Act 8 The legislature intends, by enacting this 1988 Administrative Procedure Act, to clarify the existing law of administrative procedure, to achieve greater consistency with other states and the federal government in administrative procedure, and to provide greater public and legislative access to administrative decision making. Used as a proceeding for administrative law in such areas as rulemaking, adoption rules, plan format, and public participation. 2. Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 38.529 Defines the roles and responsibilities of Emergency Management to include hazard mitigation planning. It requires the adoption of the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, which includes provides for hazard mitigation planning. These measures are the foundation of the Kitsap County MHMP. 3. RCW 37.70A.040/050/120 “Regulations and Implementation Guidance for Comprehensive Plans10 Define the requirements for jurisdictions’ comprehensive planning to include classifying agriculture, forest, mineral lands, and critical areas. Comprehensive planning begins with defining critical to ensure areas can be mitigated to reduce natural hazard risks. 4. Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 246-290 “Public Water Supplies”11 Governs the main regulations for water systems in the State of Washington. Provides regulations for engineering requirements, ownership, variances, and planning. Essential to land use and critical area reviews. Locals use this document for mitigating risks to water systems. Local Codes & Ordinances 2. Kitsap County, 1980. Ordinance No. 80 - Flood Damage Prevention Regulations12 Assist local and define flood and stormwater mitigation measures. Used to evaluate flood risk and mitigation strategies to prevent public and private damage during flooding events. 3. Kitsap County Ordinance No. 109, March 24, 198613 Ordinance No. 109 provided for the inception of the Department of Emergency Management and the Emergency Management Council, defining the Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 326 department’s roles and responsibilities to include hazard mitigation and prevention. 4. Kitsap County Critical Areas Ordinance, December 201714 City of Bainbridge Island Critical Area Ordinance, January 201915 City of Poulsbo Chapter 16.20 Critical Area Ordinances, July 200716 Port Orchard Critical Ordinance, December 200917 5. City of Bremerton Critical Lands Ordinance, June 201618 Critical Area Ordinances define areas with potential risks or hazardous to the public. These areas may require mitigation efforts for land use. Strategies are defined at the city or county level to improve these areas for developers. These plans will define such hazards as flood plain areas, hazardous materials to include defined superfund sites, and those areas known for ancient ground movement. These plans are essential to mitigation strategies and developing long term land use plans. 6. Kitsap County Codes Kitsap County Code Title 14 – Building Kitsap County Code Title 17 – Zoning Kitsap County Code Title 12 – Stormwater Management Kitsap County Code Title 2 – Emergency Management 7. Kitsap County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, 201519 Adopted as the basis for the MHMP and strategy in Kitsap County. Each City and the County have an adopted plan which defines the importance of mitigation and includes as an Annex, the Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment 2019. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 327 Appendix G: Glossary Critical Areas Environmentally sensitive areas, which include wetlands fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas; geologically hazardous areas; areas with a critical recharging effect on aquifers used for potable water; and frequently flooded areas. Critical areas have measurable characteristics which, when combined, create a value for or potential risk to public health, safety and welfare. Erosion The process whereby the land surface is worn away by the action of water, wind, ice or other processes, and by geologic events such as gravitational creep or landslides Federal Emergency Management Agency Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Authorized under Section 404 of the Stafford Act. Provides funding for Hazard Mitigation projects that are cost-effective and comply with existing post- disaster mitigation programs and activities. These projects cannot be funded through other programs to be eligible. Floodplain Areas inundated with water that are typically adjacent to streams, rivers, lakes, and coastlines and are susceptible to strong winds. Floodplain (100 Year) Floodplains that have the potential to flood once every 100 years, or that have a one percent chance of flooding equal to or in excess of that in any given year. Flood Way An area of land immediately adjacent to a stream or river channel that, in times of flooding, becomes an enlarged stream or river channel and carries the floodwater with the highest velocity. Hazard Mitigation Any action taken to reduce or permanently eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property and the environment posed by a hazard Hazard Mitigation Plan The plan resulting from a systematic evaluation of the nature and extent of vulnerabilities posed by a hazard present in society that includes the strategies needed to minimize future vulnerability to hazards. Landslide Hazard Areas Areas potentially subject to landslides, based on a combination of geologic, topographic, and hydrologic factors. This includes areas with any combination of bedrock, soil, slope, structure, and hydrology. LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging Airborne Laser Mapping. LIDAR compliments other remote sensing such as ortho-photography and traditional topographic mapping. LIDAR is able to sense through vegetation (remove the trees) and produce a map of the actual topography. Liquefaction Liquefaction occurs in areas that have certain soils, which lack cohesion and where the water table is close to the surface. Such soils can lose shear strength and flow like a liquid even during earthquakes originating beyond Kitsap County. Riparian Zones Areas typically consisting of vegetated corridors or areas adjacent to streams, wetlands, lakes or tidewater and may include some uplands depending on site conditions. Native vegetation in these areas is considered to provide a natural barrier, which can prevent or significantly reduce the amount of pollutants from reaching waterbodies. Seismic Hazard Areas Areas subject to severe risk of damage because of earthquake induced ground shaking, slope failure, settlement, soil liquefaction, or surface faulting. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 328 Settlement can occur in areas with loose, unconsolidated soil, which can either slide or suddenly drop when shaken. Wildfire Urban Interface Wildland vegetation and forest areas adjacent to or intermingled with residential developments. Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) 2024 • 329 This page intentionally left blank. AGENDA BILL CITY OF BREMERTON CITY COUNCIL SUBJECT: Study Session Date: July 23, 2025 Ordinance amending Ordinance No. 5503 relating to the City of Bremerton’s Fiscal Years 2025 to 2026 Budgets. COUNCIL MEETING Date: August 6, 2025 Department: Finance Presenter: Mike Riley & Missy Gaines Phone: (360) 473-5296 SUMMARY: Each year the City assesses its current fiscal year budget for any needed adjustments. Adjustments are recommended for the following reasons: to adjust the estimated beginning fund balances to actual, to account for unanticipated/unexpected items, to incorporate 2024 carryover items, and to adjust for previously approved Council motions/resolutions etc. The attached ordinance and supporting documents outline the various reasons for the current proposed budget amendment. ATTACHMENTS: 1. Ordinance No.____ amending the 2025 Fiscal Year Budget 2. Exhibit A – 2025 All Funds Revenue & Expenditures 3. Exhibit B – 2025 FTE Summary and Changes 4. Exhibit C - Detailed supporting schedules by fund FISCAL IMPACTS (Include Budgeted Amount): Overall 2025 budget will be $285,465,856 (inclusive of fund balances). STUDY SESSION ACTION: ☐ Consent Agenda ☐ General Business ☐ Public Hearing RECOMMENDED MOTION: Move to approve Ordinance No.____ of the City Council of the City of Bremerton, Washington, amending Ordinance No. 5503 establishing the City of Bremerton’s Fiscal Year 2025 budget. COUNCIL ACTION: Approve Deny Table Continue No Action Form Updated 04/19/2024 B2 1 2025 Mid-Year Budget Amendment ORDINANCE NO. ___ AN ORDINANCE of the City Council of the City of Bremerton, Washington, amending Ordinance No. 5503 relating to the City of Bremerton Fiscal Year 2025 Budget. WHEREAS, the City Council passed the Fiscal Year 2025-2026 City Budget Ordinance No. 5503 on November 20, 2024; and WHEREAS, the City Council has previously amended the budget by various motions and resolutions subsequent to November 20, 2024, which require a formal amendment by ordinance; and WHEREAS, all of the funds of the City of Bremerton require amendment to adjust beginning fund balances; and WHEREAS, several City Departments and Funds are experiencing or anticipate additional expenses due to factors such as costs related to provision of contracted services and changed allocations of staff time; and WHEREAS, several City Departments and Funds require adjustment to revenues to reflect activity in 2025 or timing changes from that which was anticipated in the 2025 budget; and WHEREAS, certain reclassifications of revenues and expenditures are required to properly reflect budget categories in a manner consistent with actuals in accordance with BMC 3.02.010; and WHEREAS, each of these actions has an impact on the City of Bremerton’s Fiscal Year 2025-2026 Biennial Budget resulting in the need to amend this Budget document; NOW THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BREMERTON, WASHINGTON, DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. Ordinance No. 5503 establishing the City of Bremerton’s 2025 Budget is hereby amended as follows; 1) regular revenues and unencumbered fund balances of $285,465,856, the total for each fund as set forth in Exhibit A, attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference, and 2) in accordance with BMC 3.02.010, expenditures and ending fund balances of $285,465,856 as set forth in Exhibit A and authoring staffing adjustments as set forth in Exhibit B, attached hereto and incorporated by this reference. 2 2025 Mid-Year Budget Amendment SECTION 2. That the totals for the funds noted in Exhibit A are hereby appropriated for the fiscal year 2025. SECTION 3. Severability. If any one or more sections, subsections, or sentences of this Ordinance are held to be unconstitutional or invalid, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion of this Ordinance and the same shall remain in full force and effect. SECTION 4. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect and be in force ten (10)days from and after its passage, approval and publication as provided by law. PASSED by the City Council the___________ day of ____________________, 2025 _________________________________ ERIC YOUNGER, Council President Approved this ________ day of ________________________, 2025 ________________________________ GREG WHEELER, Mayor ATTEST: APPROVED AS TO FORM: __________________________________ ________________________________ ANGELA HOOVER, City Clerk KYLIE FINNELL, City Attorney PUBLISHED the________ day of ______________________, 2025 EFFECTIVE the_________day of ______________________, 2025 ORDINANCE NO. ______ Fund Beg Fund Bal Taxes Licenses and Permits Intergov Revenue Charges for Service Fines and Forfeits Other Revenue 2025 Total Budget General Fund General Government: City Council - - - - 184,161 - - 184,161 Executive - - - - 249,262 - - 249,262 Financial Services - - - - 966,257 - - 966,257 Legal Department - - - - 764,256 - - 764,256 Human Resources - - - - 387,855 - - 387,855 Community Development - 3,470,500 1,225,750 137,500 672,500 15,000 - 5,521,250 Municipal Court - - - 250,000 139,260 145,250 10,300 544,810 City Auditor - - - - 61,310 - - 61,310 Law Enforcement - - 3,780 246,586 590,500 500 20,000 861,366 Fire/Emergency Medical - 3,000,000 600 1,430,793 625,150 - - 5,056,543 Police & Fire Pension - - - 100,000 - - - 100,000 General Facilities - - - - 216,681 - 796,000 1,012,681 General Parks - - - - 184,200 - 70,000 254,200 Engineering - - 100,000 - 3,247,858 - - 3,347,858 Non-Departmental - 32,974,248 32,000 2,056,449 266,618 500,000 1,042,000 36,871,315 Beginning Balance 17,664,799 - - - - - - 17,664,799 Total General Fund $ 17,664,799 $ 39,444,748 $ 1,362,130 $ 4,221,328 $ 8,555,868 $ 660,750 $ 1,938,300 $ 73,847,922 Special Revenue Funds: Street 324,388 850,000 - 820,000 113,000 - 1,820,000 3,927,388 Contingency Reserve 2,368,472 - - - - - 60,000 2,428,472 Lodging Tax 869,410 755,000 - - - - 15,000 1,639,410 Parking System 204,400 - - - - 435,500 1,622,500 2,262,400 Comm. Dev. Block Grant 227,518 - - 500,000 5,000 - 95,500 828,018 Abatement Revolving Fund 494,453 - - - - 50,000 110,000 654,453 Police Special Projects 582,583 - - - - - 10,000 592,583 Public Access Television 447,546 - 268,000 - 167,367 - 61,600 944,513 Gift & Donations Fund 245,831 - - - - - 6,000 251,831 Trial Improvement 72,165 - - - - - 3,100 75,265 One Percent for Arts 12,519 - - - - - 10,100 22,619 Conference Center Oper 195,885 - - - 1,323,000 - 460,000 1,978,885 Total Spec. Rev. Funds $ 6,045,171 $ 1,605,000 $ 268,000 $ 1,320,000 $ 1,608,367 $ 485,500 $ 4,273,800 $ 15,605,838 Debt Service Fund: 2010 UTGO 134,001 900,000 - - - - 1,000 1,035,001 Government Center LTGO 91,048 - - - - - 332,200 423,248 2015 Public Safety Bond 331,994 550,000 - - - - 5,000 886,994 2019 Refunding LTGO 12,539 330,000 - 3,500 - - 196,500 542,539 Total Debt Service Fund $ 569,582 $ 1,780,000 $ - $ 3,500 $ - $ - $ 534,700 $ 2,887,782 Capital Improvement Funds: General Govt Capital Improv. 6,672,547 1,200,000 - - - - 275,000 8,147,547 Park Facilities Construction 1,002,402 - - 640,770 - - 1,659,698 3,302,870 Transportation Projects Fund 4,558,943 2,000,200 150,000 14,846,597 - - 2,796,083 24,351,823 Fire Public Safety Capital 22,900 - - - - - - 22,900 Affordable Housing Capital Fund 166,960 - - 1,100,000 - - 400,500 1,667,460 Total Capital Improv. Funds $ 12,423,752 $ 3,200,200 $ 150,000 $ 16,587,367 $ - $ - $ 5,131,281 $ 37,492,600 Total General Gov't Funds $ 36,703,303 $ 46,029,948 $ 1,780,130 $ 22,132,195 $ 10,164,235 $ 1,146,250 $ 11,878,081 $ 129,834,142 Enterprise Funds: Water Utility 14,054,238 - - - 17,110,000 15,000 804,000 31,983,238 Water Capital 10,430,082 - - - - - 5,160,068 15,590,150 Wastewater Utility 11,698,236 - - - 19,788,000 21,000 244,000 31,751,236 Wastewater Capital 6,151,349 - - 7,800,000 - - 12,100,604 26,051,953 Stormwater Utility 2,603,011 - - 30,000 6,995,000 6,000 115,000 9,749,011 Stormwater Capital 5,462,025 - - 4,782,678 - - 725,000 10,969,703 Utility Debt Reserve 1,867,674 - - - - - 6,000 1,873,674 Gold Mountain Golf Complex 2,987,714 - - - 6,959,066 - 66,000 10,012,780 Total Enterprise Funds $ 55,254,328 $ - $ - $ 12,612,678 $ 50,852,066 $ 42,000 $ 19,220,672 $ 137,981,744 Internal Service Funds: Risk Management 694,573 - - - - - 4,722,120 5,416,693 Self Ins Health 36,652 - - - - - 41,000.00 77,652 Employment Security 315,925 - - - - - 380,000 695,925 Accumulated Leave Liability 481,010 - - - - - - 481,010 ER&R Operations & Maint 281,747 - - - 2,387,000 - 3,500 2,672,247 ER&R Equipment Reserves 3,032,394 - - - - - 1,556,065 4,588,459 Information Services 627,927 - - 203,571 2,849,187 - 37,300 3,717,985 Total Internal Service Funds $ 5,470,227 $ - $ - $ 203,571 $ 5,236,187 $ - $ 6,739,985 $ 17,649,970 Total Business Type Funds $ 60,724,555 $ - $ - $ 12,816,249 $ 56,088,253 $ 42,000 $ 25,960,657 $ 155,631,714 Total All Funds $ 97,427,859 $ 46,029,948 $ 1,780,130 $ 34,948,444 $ 66,252,488 $ 1,188,250 $ 37,838,738 $ 285,465,856 2025 Mid-Year Budget Adjustment - Revenue Summary Fund Personnel Supplies & Services Debt Service Capital Outlay Transfers Ending Fund Balance 2025 Total Budget General Fund General Government: City Council 417,000 31,354 - - - - 448,354 Executive 513,100 93,746 - - - - 606,846 Financial Services 1,468,400 452,245 - - - - 1,920,645 Legal Department 1,787,200 224,513 - - - - 2,011,713 Human Resources 602,500 341,761 - - - - 944,261 Community Development 2,366,400 979,183 - - 85,000 - 3,430,583 Municipal Court 1,376,149 776,616 - - - - 2,152,765 City Auditor 144,200 5,064 - - - - 149,264 Law Enforcement 14,450,669 2,277,074 - 50,000 - - 16,777,743 Fire/Emergency Medical 14,186,325 1,846,089 - - - - 16,032,414 Police & Fire Pension 1,302,591 477,700 - - - - 1,780,291 General Facilities 556,600 1,636,292 - 407,000 - - 2,599,892 General Parks 2,642,800 902,802 - - - - 3,545,602 Engineering 4,031,200 350,333 - - - - 4,381,533 Non-Departmental - 6,211,359 - - 1,635,000 - 7,846,359 Ending Fund Balance 9,219,657 9,219,657 Total General Fund $45,845,134 $16,606,131 $0 $457,000 $1,720,000 $9,219,657 $73,847,922 Special Revenue Funds: Street 1,828,800 1,702,768 - - - 395,820 3,927,388 Contingency Reserve - - - - - 2,428,472 2,428,472 Lodging Tax - 583,000 - - 250,000 806,410 1,639,410 Parking System - 1,386,680 585,658 72,000 94,250 123,812 2,262,400 Comm. Dev. Block Grant 153,700 313,838 - - 249,450 111,030 828,018 Abatement Revolving Fund - 107,000 - - - 547,453 654,453 Police Special Projects - 505,625 - - - 86,958 592,583 Public Access Television 506,900 141,927 - 2,163 - 293,523 944,513 Gift & Donations Fund - 14,137 - - - 237,694 251,831 Trial Improvement - 38,050 - - - 37,215 75,265 One Percent for Arts - 10,000 - - - 12,619 22,619 Conference Center Oper - 1,809,367 - 138,000 - 31,518 1,978,885 Total Spec. Rev. Funds $2,489,400 $6,612,392 $585,658 $212,163 $593,700 $5,112,525 $15,605,838 Debt Service Fund: 2010 UTGO - - 856,525 - - 178,476 1,035,001 Government Center LTGO - - 329,113 - - 94,135 423,248 2015 Public Safety Bond - - 499,500 - - 387,494 886,994 2019 Refunding LTGO - - 536,619 - - 5,920 542,539 Total Debt Service Fund $0 $0 $2,221,757 $0 $0 $666,025 $2,887,782 Capital Improvement Funds: General Govt Capital Improv. - - - - 5,176,581 2,970,966 8,147,547 Park Facilities Construction - - - 2,139,770 - 1,163,100 3,302,870 Transportation Projects Fund 275,000 1,568,655 - 18,497,589 543,000 3,467,579 24,351,823 Fire Public Safety Capital - - - - - 22,900 22,900 Affordable Housing Capital Fund - 1,400,000 - - - 267,460 1,667,460 Total Capital Improv. Funds $275,000 $2,968,655 $0 $20,637,359 $5,719,581 $7,892,005 $37,492,600 Total General Gov't Funds $48,609,534 $26,187,178 $2,807,415 $21,306,522 $8,033,281 $22,890,212 $129,834,142 Enterprise Funds: Water Utility 5,494,900 10,278,952 785,384 - 1,600,000 13,824,002 31,983,238 Water Capital - 1,633,617 - 9,269,421 - 4,687,112 15,590,150 Wastewater Utility 4,511,250 12,493,484 1,941,395 - 1,700,000 11,105,107 31,751,236 Wastewater Capital - 1,575,000 - 18,029,237 60,000 6,387,716 26,051,953 Stormwater Utility 2,114,650 4,128,744 866,025 - 175,000 2,464,592 9,749,011 Stormwater Capital - 450,000 - 8,279,329 - 2,240,374 10,969,703 Utility Debt Reserve - - - - - 1,873,674 1,873,674 Gold Mountain Golf Complex 12,000 5,418,618 435,315 665,000 500,000 2,981,847 10,012,780 Total Enterprise Funds $12,132,800 $35,978,415 $4,028,119 $36,242,987 $4,035,000 $45,564,423 $137,981,744 Internal Service Funds: Risk Management 625,000 4,077,118 - - - 714,575 5,416,693 Self Ins Health - - - - - 77,652 77,652 Employment Security 45,000 - - - - 650,925 695,925 Accumulated Leave Liability 630,000 - - - - (148,990) 481,010 ER&R Operations & Maint 652,300 1,615,915 - 50,000 - 354,032 2,672,247 ER&R Equipment Reserves - 5,934 - 2,636,352 - 1,946,173 4,588,459 Information Services 1,357,700 1,725,751 - - 3,842 630,692 3,717,985 Total Internal Service Funds $3,310,000 $7,424,718 $0 $2,686,352 $3,842 $4,225,058 $17,649,970 Total Business Type Funds $15,442,800 $43,403,133 $4,028,119 $38,929,339 $4,038,842 $49,789,481 $155,631,714 Total All Funds $64,052,334 $69,590,311 $6,835,534 $60,235,861 $12,072,123 $72,679,693 $285,465,856 2025 Mid-Year Budget Adjustment - Expenditure Summary 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 GENERAL FUND City Council 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 Executive 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Financial Services 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Human Resources 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 Legal 10.53 11.90 11.90 11.90 11.50 11.50 11.50 Municipal Court 8.00 8.00 8.00 9.09 9.09 9.09 9.09 Community Development 16.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 Police 73.26 76.26 82.76 81.76 81.76 81.76 81.76 Fire 66.00 66.00 69.00 69.00 69.00 74.00 74.00 City Auditor 0.60 0.60 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Parks & Recreation 24.99 24.99 24.99 25.28 25.28 25.28 25.28 Engineering 19.69 22.69 23.69 25.69 25.69 25.69 25.69 General Fund Total 243.87 252.24 262.94 266.32 265.92 270.92 270.92 SPECIAL REVENUE FUNDS Community Development Block Grant 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 BKAT 4.98 4.98 4.98 4.98 4.98 4.98 4.98 Streets**14.98 14.98 14.98 14.78 14.78 14.78 14.78 Special Revenue Funds Total 20.96 20.96 20.96 20.76 20.76 20.76 20.76 ENTERPRISE FUNDS Public Works & Utility-Administration & Other*14.00 14.00 14.00 15.00 15.00 16.00 16.00 Public Works & Utility-Water Resources & Forestry15.68 15.68 15.68 15.50 15.50 16.50 16.00 Public Works & Utility-Stormwater 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 Public Works & Utility-Electronics - 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 Public Works & Utility-Wastewater 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 Public Works & Utility-Utility Operations & Compliance44.32 31.32 29.82 30.50 31.50 30.50 30.50 Public Works & Utility-Internal Services***- 11.45 13.45 13.45 13.85 13.85 13.85 Enterprise Funds Total 97.50 99.95 100.45 101.95 103.35 104.85 104.35 INTERNAL SERVICE FUNDS Equipment Maintenance 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 Information Technology 7.00 7.00 7.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 Internal Service Funds Total 11.20 11.20 11.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 All Funds Total 373.53 384.35 395.55 402.23 403.23 409.73 409.23 *Includes Positions in Finance **Includes Positions in Residential Streets (beginning 2018) Personnel Authorizations Listed by Funding Full-Time Equivalents (FTE's) Department and Position 2025 Authorized 2026 Authorized Current Authorized Level 409.73 409.73 Public Works - Water Maintenance - Seasonal - 2026 Decrease .50 FTE -0.50 Authorized Staffing Per Adopted 2025-2026 Budget 409.73 409.23 5/21/2025 Agenda Bill 4E Code Enforcement Specialist - Remove -1 Code Enforcement Officer - Authorize 1 4/16/2025 Agenda Bill 4F Fire dept - Firefighter - Remove -1 Fire dept - Firefighter/Paramedic - Authorize 1 7/2/2025 Agenda Bill 4F Police Dept - Corporal - Remove -1 Police Dept - Sergeant - Authorize 1 Subtotal 409.73 409.23 Authorized Staffing 2025 Mid Year Budget Adjustment 409.73 409.23 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 SUMMARY NET ADJUSTMENTS ALL FUNDS For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Proposed 2025 Budget Mid-Year as Adopted by 2025 Fund No.Ord No. 5503 Net Adjustments Budget 001 General Fund City Council 448,354$ -$ 448,354$ Executive 606,846 - 606,846 Financial Services 1,818,145 102,500 1,920,645 Legal 2,011,713 - 2,011,713 Human Resources 944,261 - 944,261 Community Development 3,330,583 100,000 3,430,583 Municipal Court 2,152,765 - 2,152,765 City Auditor 149,264 - 149,264 Law Enforcement 15,870,244 907,500 16,777,744 Fire/Emergency Services 15,810,765 221,649 16,032,414 Police/Fire Pension 1,653,700 126,591 1,780,291 General Facilities 2,413,085 186,807 2,599,892 Parks & Recreation 3,545,602 - 3,545,602 Engineering 4,381,533 - 4,381,533 Non-Department 7,518,767 327,592 7,846,359 Ending Fund Balance 8,090,921 1,128,736 9,219,657 Total General Fund 70,746,548$ 3,101,375$ 73,847,923$ 101 Arterial Street - - - 102 Street 3,613,569 313,819 3,927,388 103 Contingency Reserve 2,401,463 27,009 2,428,472 104 Lodging Tax 1,599,285 40,125 1,639,410 105 Parking System 2,312,307 (49,907) 2,262,400 106 Community Dev. Block Grant 823,572 4,446 828,018 108 Abatement Revolving 315,735 338,718 654,453 110 Police Special Projects 577,787 14,796 592,583 113 Public Access Television 811,098 133,415 944,513 114 Gift & Donation Fund 225,868 25,963 251,831 116 Trial Improvement 83,110 (7,845) 75,265 117 One Percent For Arts 10,100 12,519 22,619 120 Conference Center Operating 2,055,653 (76,769) 1,978,884 203 2010 LTGO - - - 204 2010 UTGO/LTGO (B)1,042,293 (7,292) 1,035,001 205 Government Center LTGO 422,046 1,202 423,248 206 2015 Public Safety Bond 861,524 25,470 886,994 207 2019 Refunding LTGO 543,619 (1,080) 542,539 308 General Gov't Capital Improvement 6,061,960 2,085,587 8,147,547 310 Park Facilities Construction 2,316,779 986,091 3,302,870 314 Residential Street Capital - - - 315 Transportation Capital Projects 14,355,707 9,996,116 24,351,823 316 Fire Public Safety 22,089 811 22,900 318 Affordable Housing 1,569,152 98,308 1,667,460 401 Water Utility 26,683,254 5,299,984 31,983,238 404 Water Capital 10,553,411 5,036,739 15,590,150 407 Golf Mountain Golf 9,768,172 244,608 10,012,780 451 Wastewater Utility 27,209,891 4,541,345 31,751,236 454 Wastewater Capital 27,719,380 (1,667,427) 26,051,953 481 Stormwater Utility 8,607,869 1,141,142 9,749,011 484 Stormwater Capital 7,280,754 3,688,949 10,969,703 499 Utility Debt Reserve 1,801,082 72,592 1,873,674 503 Risk Management 4,659,058 757,635 5,416,693 504 Self Insurance Health and Welfare Reserve 36,652 - 36,652 506 Employment Security 350,944 5,981 356,925 507 Accumulated Leave Liability 1,255,711 (394,701) 861,010 509 ER&R - Operations & Maintenance 2,459,644 212,603 2,672,247 510 ER&R - Reserves 7,530,775 (2,942,316) 4,588,459 511 Information Services 3,489,064 228,921 3,717,985 Total All funds 252,176,925$ 33,288,930$ 285,465,855$ CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE GENERAL FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $12,275,000 $12,275,000 $- Retail Sales 13,410,000 13,410,000 - Other 13,759,748 13,759,748 - Licenses and Permits 1,362,130 1,362,130 - Intergovernmental 3,804,478 4,221,328 416,850 - Charges for Services 8,555,868 8,555,868 - Fines and Forfeitures 660,750 660,750 - Miscellaneous 1,098,300 1,198,300 100,000 Transfers In & Other Financing 740,000 740,000 - Total Revenues 55,666,274 56,183,124 516,850 EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 44,720,649 45,845,135 1,124,486 Supplies, Services, and Taxes 15,867,978 16,606,131 738,153 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay 457,000 457,000 - Transfers Out 1,610,000 1,720,000 110,000 Total Expenditures 62,655,627 64,628,266 1,972,639 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (6,989,353) (8,445,142) (1,455,789) Fund Balances-beginning 15,080,274 17,664,799 2,584,525 Fund Balances-ending $8,090,921 $9,219,657 $1,128,736 GENERAL FUND EXPENDITURES BY DEPARTMENT City Council $448,354 $448,354 $- Executive 606,846 606,846 - Financial Services 1,818,145 1,920,645 102,500 Legal Department 2,011,713 2,011,713 - Human Resources 944,261 944,261 - Community Development 3,330,583 3,430,583 100,000 Municipal Court 2,152,765 2,152,765 - City Auditor 149,264 149,264 - Police Department 15,870,244 16,777,744 907,500 Fire Department 15,810,765 16,032,414 221,649 Police & Fire Pension 1,653,700 1,780,291 126,591 General Facilities 2,413,085 2,599,892 186,807 Parks & Recreation 3,545,602 3,545,602 - Engineering 4,381,533 4,381,533 - Non-Departmental 7,518,767 7,846,359 327,592 Total Expenditures $62,655,627 $64,628,266 $1,972,639 FUND 001 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE GENERAL FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Fire AFG Grant - Power Stair Chairs - 1.22.25 AB B1 - Revenues 52,648 Fire AFG Grant - Power Stair Chairs - 1.22.25 AB B1 - Expenditures (52,648) PW - AWC Energy Audit - 3.19.25 AB 4F - Revenues 86,807 PW - AWC Energy Audit - 3.19.25 AB 4F - Expenditures (86,807) PW - Solar to Storage Grant and Study - 11.6.24 AB 4F - Revenues 100,000 PW - Solar to Storage Grant and Study - 11.6.24 AB 4F - Expenditures (100,000) BPOG & Retiree Retro's (1,023,061) Carryover items from prior year CD - CHIP Grant for KCR Manette 100,000 CD - CHIP Grant for KCR Manette (100,000) PW - Equipment Rental Reserve Vehicles (6,030) PW - Vehicle Buildout additional costs (5,000) Finance - 2023 SAO Audit Carryover (102,500) Finance - Affordable Housing Carryover (100,000) New budgetary items 1% for the Arts - Transfer (10,000) Dept of natural resources - California Fires 177,395 Dept of natural resources - California Fires (169,001) Risk Management - Insurance Increase (217,592) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(1,455,789) Per the City's Financial Goals and Policies, the target ending fund balance is 8.5% of annual expenditures excluding capital.The target fund balance for the 2025 budget, as amended, is $5,493,402. The estimated ending fund balance after the proposed amendments is $9,219,657, which is higher than the target amount by $3,726,254. The 2025 budget as shown above, includes an ending fund balance which subceeds the target, and is increased from the previously adopted budget by $1,128,736. The financial planning goal is to maintain an ending fund balance recommended by the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) of 16.67%, or $10,773,531. The proposed budget with amendments would require an additional $1,553,875 in budgetary revenues or reductions in expenditures. FUND 001 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE STREET FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other 850,000 850,000 - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental (fuel tax)820,000 820,000 - Charges for Services 113,000 113,000 - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 7,000 7,000 - Transfers in & Other Revenue 1,813,000 1,813,000 - Total Revenues 3,603,000 3,603,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 1,828,800 1,828,800 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 1,690,170 1,702,768 12,598 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 3,518,970 3,531,568 12,598 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances 84,030 71,432 (12,598) Fund Balances-beginning 10,569 324,388 313,819 Fund Balances-ending $94,599 $395,820 $301,221 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Risk Management - Insurance Increase (12,598) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(12,598) FUND 102 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE CONTINGENCY RESERVE FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous - - - Transfers-in & Other Revenue 60,000 60,000 - Total Revenues 60,000 60,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - - - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures - - - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances 60,000 60,000 - Fund Balances-beginning 2,341,463 2,368,472 27,009 Fund Balances-ending $2,401,463 $2,428,472 $27,009 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 103 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE LODGING TAX FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other (hotel/motel tax)755,000 755,000 - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 15,000 15,000 - Transfers in - - - Total Revenues 770,000 770,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 550,000 583,000 33,000 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out 250,000 250,000 - Total Expenditures 800,000 833,000 33,000 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (30,000) (63,000) (33,000) Fund Balances-beginning 829,285 869,410 40,125 Fund Balances-ending $799,285 $806,410 $7,125 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council 2025 LTAC Award - Expenditure Increase - 4.16.25 AB 6A (33,000) Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(33,000) FUND 104 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE PARKING SYSTEM FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures 435,500 435,500 - Miscellaneous 1,620,500 1,620,500 - Transfers in & Other Revenue 2,000 2,000 - Total Revenues 2,058,000 2,058,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 1,384,364 1,386,680 2,316 Debt Service 585,658 585,658 - Capital Outlay 72,000 72,000 - Transfers Out 94,250 94,250 - Total Expenditures 2,136,272 2,138,588 2,316 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (78,272) (80,588) (2,316) Fund Balances-beginning 254,307 204,400 (49,907) Fund Balances-ending $176,035 $123,812 $(52,223) Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Risk Management - Insurance Increase (2,316) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(2,316) FUND 105 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental 500,000 500,000 - Charges for Services 5,000 5,000 - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 10,500 10,500 - Transfers in 85,000 85,000 - Total Revenues 600,500 600,500 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 153,700 153,700 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 313,838 313,838 - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out 249,450 249,450 - Total Expenditures 716,988 716,988 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (116,488) (116,488) - Fund Balances-beginning 223,072 227,518 4,446 Fund Balances-ending $106,584 $111,030 $4,446 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment required to the ending fund balance $- FUND 106 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE ABATEMENT REVOLVING FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures 50,000 50,000 - Miscellaneous 10,000 10,000 - Transfers in 100,000 100,000 - Total Revenues 160,000 160,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 107,000 107,000 - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 107,000 107,000 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances 53,000 53,000 - Fund Balances-beginning 155,735 494,453 338,718 Fund Balances-ending $208,735 $547,453 $338,718 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 108 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE POLICE SPECIAL PROJECTS FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 10,000 10,000 - Transfers in - - - Total Revenues 10,000 10,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 505,625 505,625 - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 505,625 505,625 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (495,625) (495,625) - Fund Balances-beginning 567,787 582,583 14,796 Fund Balances-ending $72,162 $86,958 $14,796 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 110 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE PUBLIC ACCESS TELEVISION OPERATIONS FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other (city PEG fees)- - - Licenses and Permits 268,000 268,000 - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services 167,367 167,367 - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 61,600 61,600 - Transfers in & Other - - - Total Revenues 496,967 496,967 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 506,900 506,900 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 135,878 141,927 6,049 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - 2,163 2,163 Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 642,778 650,990 8,212 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (145,811) (154,023) (8,212) Fund Balances-beginning 314,131 447,546 133,415 Fund Balances-ending $168,320 $293,523 $125,203 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year BKAT - Studio LED Lighting Upgrade 6,049 BKAT - Security System Upgrade 2,163 New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $8,212 FUND 113 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE GIFT AND DONATION FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 1,900 6,000 4,100 Transfers in - - - Total Revenues 1,900 6,000 4,100 EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 2,500 14,137 11,637 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 2,500 14,137 11,637 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (600) (8,137) (7,537) Fund Balances-beginning 223,968 245,831 21,863 Fund Balances-ending $223,368 $237,694 $14,326 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Parks - Flagpole Expenditures (7,537) Parks - NAD Restoration Donation 4,100 Parks - NAD Restoration Expenditures (4,100) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(7,537) FUND 114 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE TRIAL IMPROVEMENT FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 3,100 3,100 - Transfers in - - - Total Revenues 3,100 3,100 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 38,050 38,050 - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 38,050 38,050 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital (34,950) (34,950) - Fund Balances-beginning 80,010 72,165 (7,845) Fund Balances-ending $45,060 $37,215 $(7,845) Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 116 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE ONE PERCENT FOR ARTS FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 100 100 - Transfers in - 10,000 10,000 Total Revenues 100 10,100 10,000 EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - 10,000 10,000 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures - 10,000 10,000 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital 100 100 - Fund Balances-beginning 10,000 12,519 2,519 Fund Balances-ending $10,100 $12,619 $2,519 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Parks - One Percent for the Arts - Transfer in 10,000 Parks - One Percent for the Arts - expenditures (10,000) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 117 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE CONFERENCE CENTER OPERATIONS For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services 1,323,000 1,323,000 - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 10,000 10,000 - Transfers In & Other Revenue 450,000 450,000 - Total Revenues 1,783,000 1,783,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 1,726,787 1,809,367 82,580 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay 218,000 138,000 (80,000) Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 1,944,787 1,947,367 2,580 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (161,787) (164,367) (2,580) Fund Balances-beginning 272,654 195,885 (76,769) Fund Balances-ending $110,866 $31,517 $(79,349) Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year PW - Conference Center Air Wall (80,000) PW - Realignment of Capital Outlay for Air Wall 80,000 New budgetary items Risk Management - Insurance Increase (2,580) Net adjustment required to the ending fund balance $(2,580) FUND 120 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE 2010 UTGO/LTGO (B) For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $900,000 $900,000 $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 1,000 1,000 - Transfers in - - - Total Revenues 901,000 901,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - - - Debt Service 856,525 856,525 - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 856,525 856,525 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances 44,475 44,475 - Fund Balances-beginning 141,293 134,001 (7,292) Fund Balances-ending $185,768 $178,476 $(7,292) Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 204 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE GOVERNMENT CENTER LTGO For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 1,200 1,200 - Transfers in & Other Revenue 331,000 331,000 - Total Revenues 332,200 332,200 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - - - Debt Service 329,113 329,113 - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 329,113 329,113 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances 3,087 3,087 - Fund Balances-beginning 89,846 91,048 1,202 Fund Balances-ending $92,933 $94,135 $1,202 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 205 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE 2015 PUBLIC SAFETY BOND FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $550,000 $550,000 $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 5,000 5,000 - Transfers in & Other Revenue - - - Total Revenues 555,000 555,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - - - Debt Service 499,500 499,500 - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 499,500 499,500 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances 55,500 55,500 - Fund Balances-beginning 306,524 331,994 25,470 Fund Balances-ending $362,024 $387,494 $25,470 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 206 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE 2019 REFUNDING LTGO For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales 330,000 330,000 - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental 3,500 3,500 - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 1,500 1,500 - Transfers in & Other Revenue 195,000 195,000 - Total Revenues 530,000 530,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - - - Debt Service 536,619 536,619 - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 536,619 536,619 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (6,619) (6,619) - Fund Balances-beginning 13,619 12,539 (1,080) Fund Balances-ending $7,000 $5,920 $(1,080) Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 207 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE GENERAL GOVERNMENT CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other (Real Estate Excise Taxes)1,300,000 1,200,000 (100,000) Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 275,000 275,000 - Transfers in & Other Revenue - - - Total Revenues 1,575,000 1,475,000 (100,000) EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - - - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out 3,620,948 5,176,581 1,555,633 Total Expenditures 3,620,948 5,176,581 1,555,633 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (2,045,948) (3,701,581) (1,655,633) Fund Balances-beginning 4,486,960 6,672,547 2,185,587 Fund Balances-ending $2,441,012 $2,970,966 $529,954 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Technical Correction - Transfer occurred in 2024 (100,000) Carryover items from prior year PW - Transportation Capital Projects (1,666,633) Finance - Affordable Housing Carryover (200,000) New budgetary items Parks - Kitsap Lake Accessability Grant Remove REET Transfer 311,000 Net adjustment required to the ending fund balance $(1,655,633) FUND 308 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE PARK FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental 319,770 640,770 321,000 Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 21,500 21,500 - Transfers in & Other Revenue 1,449,198 1,638,198 189,000 Total Revenues 1,790,468 2,300,468 510,000 EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - - - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay 2,139,770 2,139,770 - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 2,139,770 2,139,770 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (349,302) 160,698 510,000 Fund Balances-beginning 526,311 1,002,402 476,091 Fund Balances-ending $177,009 $1,163,100 $986,091 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Parks - Kitsap Lake Accessability Grant - Revenues 321,000 Parks - Kitsap Lake Accessability Grant - Reduce REET (311,000) Transfer - Gold Mountain Golf Course 500,000 Net adjustment required to the ending fund balance $510,000 FUND 310 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE TRANSPORTATION CAPITAL PROJECTS For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other 2,000,200 2,000,200 - Licenses and Permits 150,000 150,000 - Intergovernmental 6,646,038 14,846,597 8,200,559 Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous - - - Transfers in 1,129,450 2,796,083 1,666,633 Total Revenues 9,925,688 19,792,880 9,867,192 EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 275,000 275,000 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 1,485,000 1,568,655 83,655 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay 7,961,002 18,497,589 10,536,587 Transfers Out 543,000 543,000 - Total Expenditures 10,264,002 20,884,244 10,620,242 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances (338,314) (1,091,364) (753,050) Fund Balances-beginning 4,430,019 4,558,943 128,924 Fund Balances-ending $4,091,705 $3,467,579 $(624,126) Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year PW - Fund 315 Trans Capital Projects 354,000 PW - Fund 315 Trans Capital Projects (36,000) PW - Fund 315 Trans Capital Projects (404,000) PW - Fund 315 Trans Capital Projects (105,000) PW - Fund 315 Trans Capital Projects 150,000 PW - Transportation Capital Projects 2,460,214 PW - Transportation Capital Projects 2,869,510 PW - Transportation Capital Projects 691,248 PW - Transportation Capital Projects 339,046 PW - Transportation Capital Projects 1,486,541 PW - Transportation Capital Projects 1,666,633 PW - Transportation Capital Projects (47,655) PW - Transportation Capital Projects (8,378,167) PW - Transportation Capital Projects (1,052,832) PW - Transportation Capital Projects (746,588) New budgetary items Net adjustment required to the ending fund balance $(753,050) FUND 315 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE FIRE PUBLIC SAFETY CAPITAL For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous - - - Transfers in & Other Revenue - - - Total Revenues - - - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - - - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures - - - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in fund balances - - - Fund Balances-beginning 22,089 22,900 811 Fund Balances-ending $22,089 $22,900 $811 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 316 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE AFFORDABLE HOUSING CAPITAL FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - 1,100,000 1,100,000 Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 500 500 - Transfers in 100,000 400,000 300,000 Total Revenues 100,500 1,500,500 1,400,000 EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 1,400,000 1,400,000 - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 1,400,000 1,400,000 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital (1,299,500) 100,500 1,400,000 Fund Balances-beginning working capital 1,468,652 166,960 (1,301,692) Fund Balances-ending working capital $169,152 $267,460 $98,308 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year Finance - Affordable Housing Revenues from 2024 to 2025 1,400,000 New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $1,400,000 FUND 318 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE WATER UTILITY For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services 17,110,000 17,110,000 - Fines and Forfeitures 15,000 15,000 - Miscellaneous 804,000 804,000 - Transfers in & Other Revenue - - - Total Revenues 17,929,000 17,929,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 5,494,900 5,494,900 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 10,160,717 10,278,952 118,235 Debt Service 785,384 785,384 - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out 1,600,000 1,600,000 - Total Expenditures 18,041,001 18,159,236 118,235 CHANGES IN WORKING CAPITAL BALANCE Net change in working capital (112,001) (230,236) (118,235) Fund Balances-beginning working capital 8,754,254 14,054,238 5,299,984 Fund Balances-ending working capital $8,642,253 $13,824,002 $5,181,749 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Technical Correction - PW ERR Reimbursement - Forestry (83,204) Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Risk Management - Insurance Increase (25,530) PW - Webshare Software (9,501) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(118,235) FUND 401 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE WATER CAPITAL For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 400,600 400,600 - Transfers in & Other Revenue 4,510,000 4,759,468 249,468 Total Revenues 4,910,600 5,160,068 249,468 EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 1,315,000 1,633,617 318,617 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay 4,580,000 9,269,421 4,689,421 Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 5,895,000 10,903,038 5,008,038 CHANGES IN WORKING CAPITAL BALANCE Net change in working capital (984,400) (5,742,970) (4,758,570) Fund Balances-beginning working capital 5,642,811 10,430,082 4,787,271 Fund Balances-ending working capital $4,658,411 $4,687,112 $28,701 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Well 9A Drilling Project - Agenda Bill 1.22.25 B3 (350,000) Carryover items from prior year PW - Transporation Projects with Utility Components (1,632,060) PW - Water Projects Carryover 249,468 PW - Water Projects Carryover (168,617) PW - Water Projects Carryover (150,000) PW - Water Projects Carryover (300,000) PW - Water Projects Carryover (66,142) PW - Water Projects Carryover (1,936,755) PW - Water Projects Carryover (404,464) New budgetary items Net adjustment required to the ending fund balance $(4,758,570) FUND 404 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE WASTEWATER UTILITY For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services 19,788,000 19,788,000 - Fines and Forfeitures 21,000 21,000 - Miscellaneous 244,000 244,000 - Transfers in & Other Revenue - - - Total Revenues 20,053,000 20,053,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 4,511,250 4,511,250 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 12,430,816 12,493,484 62,668 Debt Service 1,941,395 1,941,395 - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out 1,700,000 1,700,000 - Total Expenditures 20,583,461 20,646,129 62,668 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital (530,461) (593,129) (62,668) Fund Balances-beginning working capital 7,156,891 11,698,236 4,541,345 Fund Balances-ending working capital $6,626,430 $11,105,107 $4,478,677 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Risk Management - Insurance Increase (53,168) PW - Webshare Software (9,500) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(62,668) FUND 451 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE WASTEWATER CAPITAL For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental 7,800,000 7,800,000 - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 300,500 300,500 - Transfers in & Other Revenue 11,800,104 11,800,104 - Total Revenues 19,900,604 19,900,604 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 1,575,000 1,575,000 - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay 17,550,104 18,029,237 479,133 Transfers Out 60,000 60,000 - Total Expenditures 19,185,104 19,664,237 479,133 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital 715,500 236,367 (479,133) Fund Balances-beginning working capital 7,818,776 6,151,349 (1,667,427) Fund Balances-ending working capital $8,534,276 $6,387,716 $(2,146,560) Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year PW - Trans Project with Utilities (45,000) PW - Transporation Projects with Utility Components (434,133) New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(479,133) FUND 454 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE STORMWATER UTILITY For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental 30,000 30,000 - Charges for Services 6,995,000 6,995,000 - Fines and Forfeitures 6,000 6,000 - Miscellaneous 40,000 40,000 - Transfers in & Other Revenue 75,000 75,000 - Total Revenues 7,146,000 7,146,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 2,114,650 2,114,650 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 4,111,772 4,128,744 16,972 Debt Service 866,025 866,025 - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out 175,000 175,000 - Total Expenditures 7,267,447 7,284,419 16,972 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital (121,447) (138,419) (16,972) Fund Balances-beginning working capital 1,461,869 2,603,011 1,141,142 Fund Balances-ending working capital $1,340,422 $2,464,592 $1,124,170 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Risk Management - Insurance Increase (12,222) PW - Webshare Software (4,750) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(16,972) FUND 481 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE STORMWATER CAPITAL For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental 3,896,368 4,782,678 886,310 Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 200,000 200,000 - Transfers in & Other Revenue 525,000 525,000 - Total Revenues 4,621,368 5,507,678 886,310 EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 450,000 450,000 - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay 5,807,091 8,279,329 2,472,238 Transfers Out 100,000 - (100,000) Total Expenditures 6,357,091 8,729,329 2,372,238 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital (1,735,723) (3,221,651) (1,485,928) Fund Balances-beginning working capital 2,659,386 5,462,025 2,802,639 Fund Balances-ending working capital $923,663 $2,240,374 $1,316,711 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Technical Correction - Transfer occurred in 2024 100,000 Carryover items from prior year PW - Transporation Projects with Utility Components 57,540 PW - Transporation Projects with Utility Components (1,395,850) PW - Stormwater Projects Carryover 828,770 PW - Stormwater Projects Carryover (70,000) PW - Stormwater Projects Carryover (720,388) PW - Stormwater Projects Carryover (286,000) New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(1,485,928) FUND 484 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE UTILITY DEBT RESERVE For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 6,000 6,000 - Transfers in and other - - - Total Revenues 6,000 6,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - - - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures - - - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital 6,000 6,000 - Fund Balances-beginning working capital 1,795,082 1,867,674 72,592 Fund Balances-ending working capital $1,801,082 $1,873,674 $72,592 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 499 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE GOLD MOUNTAIN GOLF COMPLEX For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services 6,959,066 6,959,066 - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 66,000 66,000 - Transfers in - - - Total Revenues 7,025,066 7,025,066 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 12,000 12,000 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 5,400,509 5,418,618 18,109 Debt Service 435,315 435,315 - Capital Outlay 665,000 665,000 - Transfers Out - 500,000 500,000 Total Expenditures 6,512,824 7,030,933 518,109 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital 512,242 (5,867) (518,109) Fund Balances-beginning working capital 2,743,106 2,987,714 244,608 Fund Balances-ending working capital $3,255,348 $2,981,847 $(273,501) Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Risk Management - Insurance Increase (8,109) Parks - Golf Course Kitchen Equipment (10,000) Transfer to Parks Capital (500,000) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(518,109) FUND 407 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE RISK MANAGEMENT INTERNAL SERVICE FUND For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 4,380,781 4,722,120 341,339 Transfers in - - - Total Revenues 4,380,781 4,722,120 341,339 EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 625,000 625,000 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 3,735,779 4,077,118 341,339 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 4,360,779 4,702,118 341,339 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital 20,002 20,002 - Fund Balances-beginning working capital 278,277 694,573 416,296 Fund Balances-ending working capital $298,279 $714,575 $416,296 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Risk Management - Insurance Increase allocation revenue 341,339 Risk Management - Insurance Increase expenditures (341,339) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 503 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE EMPLOYMENT SECURITY For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 41,000 41,000 - Transfers in - - - Total Revenues 41,000 41,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 45,000 45,000 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - - - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 45,000 45,000 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital (4,000) (4,000) - Fund Balances-beginning working capital 309,944 315,925 5,981 Fund Balances-ending working capital $305,944 $311,925 $5,981 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 506 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE ACCUMULATED LEAVE LIABILITY For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 380,000 380,000 - Transfers in - - - Total Revenues 380,000 380,000 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 630,000 630,000 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes - - - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 630,000 630,000 - CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital (250,000) (250,000) - Fund Balances-beginning working capital 875,711 481,010 (394,701) Fund Balances-ending working capital $625,711 $231,010 $(394,701) Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $- FUND 507 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE EQUIPMENT RENTAL RESERVE - OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services 2,387,000 2,387,000 - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 3,500 3,500 - Transfers in & Other Financing - - - Total Revenues 2,390,500 2,390,500 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 652,300 652,300 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 1,585,139 1,615,915 30,776 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay 30,000 50,000 20,000 Transfers Out - - - Total Expenditures 2,267,439 2,318,215 50,776 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital 123,061 72,285 (50,776) Fund Balances-beginning working capital 69,144 281,747 212,603 Fund Balances-ending working capital $192,205 $354,032 $161,827 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year PW - Fund 509 Air Compression Unit (20,000) New budgetary items Risk Management - Insurance Increase (3,382) PW - MobileFocus Smartapp (19,000) Department of Natural Resources - California Fires (8,394) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(50,776) FUND 509 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE EQUIPMENT RENTAL RESERVE - RESERVES For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental - - - Charges for Services - - - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 50,000 50,000 - Transfers in & Other 1,363,831 1,506,065 142,234 Total Revenues 1,413,831 1,556,065 142,234 EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses - - - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 5,934 5,934 - Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay 532,000 2,636,352 2,104,352 Transfers Out & Other - - - Total Expenditures 537,934 2,642,286 2,104,352 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital 875,897 (1,086,221) (1,962,118) Fund Balances-beginning working capital 6,116,944 3,032,394 (3,084,550) Fund Balances-ending working capital $6,992,841 $1,946,173 $(5,046,668) Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Technical Correction - PW ERR Reimbursement - Forestry 83,204 Carryover items from prior year PW - Equipment Rental Reserves 6,030 PW - Equipment Rental Reserves (1,973,052) PW - Vehicle Buildout Additional Costs 5,000 PW - Vehicle Buildout Additional Costs (31,300) New budgetary items PW - BPD Vehicle Replacement Grant 48,000 PW - BPD Vehicle Replacement Expenditures (100,000) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(1,962,118) FUND 510 CITY OF BREMERTON 2025 ANTICIPATED REVENUES, EXPENDITURES AND CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE INFORMATION SERVICES For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Originally Proposed Adj Required Adopted Mid-Year From The Budget Budget Adopted Budget 2025 2025 2025 REVENUES Taxes Property $- $- $- Sales - - - Other - - - Licenses and Permits - - - Intergovernmental 203,571 203,571 - Charges for Services 2,849,187 2,849,187 - Fines and Forfeitures - - - Miscellaneous 37,300 37,300 - Transfers in - - - Total Revenues 3,090,058 3,090,058 - EXPENDITURES Personnel Expenses 1,357,700 1,357,700 - Supplies, Services, and Taxes 1,721,909 1,725,751 3,842 Debt Service - - - Capital Outlay - - - Transfers Out - 3,842 3,842 Total Expenditures 3,079,609 3,087,293 7,684 CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE Net change in working capital 10,449 2,765 (7,684) Fund Balances-beginning working capital 399,006 627,927 228,921 Fund Balances-ending working capital $409,455 $630,692 $221,237 Budget Adjustments: Items previously approved by council Carryover items from prior year New budgetary items Risk Management - Insurance Increase (3,842) Net adjustment to ending fund balance required $(3,842) FUND 511