HomeMy WebLinkAbout3215 RESOLUTION NO. 3215
A RESOLUTION of the City Council of the City of
Bremerton, Washington, adopting the Kitsap County Revised
Multi- Hazard Mitigation Plan.
WHEREAS, the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires that all local
organizations (governmental, tribal and not - for - profits), have an approved local mitigation plan in
accordance with 44 CFR 201.6 prior to receiving Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMPG)
funding; and
WHEREAS, the Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management has
previously prepared a Kitsap County Multi - Hazard Plan and has recently revised the Plan and
provided it to the Board of County Commissioners; and
WHEREAS, the Plan has been updated to ensure consistency with the federal
Disaster Mitigation Act 2000; and
WHEREAS, the Plan shall not necessarily imply advocacy of, or support for,
individual mitigation initiatives proposed by other participating organizations, and the adoption of
the plan shall be subject to limitations as defined in the Plan; NOW THEREFORE,
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BREMERTON, WASHINGTON,
DOES HEREBY RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The revised Kitsap County Multi -Hazard Mitigation Plan, attached
as Exhibit A and incorporated by this reference, is hereby adopted.
SECTIONZ Severability. If anyone or more sections, subsections, or
sentences of this Resolution are held to be unconstitutional or invalid, such decision shall not
affect the validity of the remaining portion of this Resolution and the same shall remain in full
force and effect.
SECTION 3. Efi`ective Date. This Resolution shall take effect and be in force
immediately upon its passage.
PASSED by the City Council of the City of Bremerton, Washington this a
day of , 2014.
W
G W ELER, Council President
APPROVED AS TO FORM: AT T:
A c
O ER A. LUBOVICH, C' ey SHANNON CORN, City Clerk
R:\L egal\L .egal\Resolutions\Fire\ITEM- Attachment- 001- 8499c626494d42709470a 1 08e91516e.doc
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Multi Hazard Mitigation Plan
Kitsap County
Multi-Hazard Mitigation
Plan
Kitsap County
City of
Bainbridge
Island
City of
Bremerton
City of Port
Orchard
City of
Poulsbo
And the
Agencies and
Utilities that
Support
Hazard
Mitigation
Prepared by Kitsap County Department
of Emergency Management
911 Carver St, Bremerton, Wa
.
Revision 2012
Kitsap County
Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Revision 2012
Revision prepared by:
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
911 Carver St, Bremerton, Wa. 98312
Contact:
Mike Gordon (360) 307-5871
Revision Plan Review Subcommittee Members:
Ed Call Department of Emergency Management
Al Duke City of Bremerton
Janis Castle Holly Ridge Facility
Tony Carroll Kitsap County Public Works
Dave ColombiniSouth Kitsap School District
Bob Bowling Kitsap Mental Health
The Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan update was funded through Kitsap County
Department of Emergency Management. Agencies and jurisdictionswho
participated in this plan used their staff time and resources to make this update
possible. The Kitsap County Emergency Management Council appreciates the effort
and time devoted in this update.
Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Record of Changes
Change #DescriptionDate Entered By
Entered
Revision Update to the 2005 Mitigation Plan to December MSG
include the following changes: (refer
20122012
to matrix of Changes for detailed
changes
Executive December MSG
New additions for the plan are shown
as: (new in 2012);
Summary2012
General grammar and statistical data
updates as available and/or as noted
or assumed made.
Flooding hazard strategies
significantly updated (section three)
Participating cities, agencies and
special purpose districts updated.
Although plan format is consistent
with the 2004 plan, changes have
been instituted for simplicity and
clarity.
Matrix of Changes added as a new
tracking document for the 2010 plan
update
Section OneDecember MSG
Revised Formatting
Add: Plan Review Update
2012
Legal Authorities: Expanded to
include association with Mitigation
planning
Plan Maintenance scheduled updated
through 2016
Section Two Revised Formatting December MSG
Revised Introduction
2012
Risk Assessment Reformatted
New Exhibits added
Table 2.1 Kitsap County
Emergency/Disaster History
Formatted
Kitsap County Profile formatted and
updated to 2010 Census
Profile add-ons: vulnerability
populations, Building structures,
housing types
Updated geographical/topographical
Descriptions
Add information on “Earthquake
Country” with associated maps.
Section December MSG
Revised Formatting
All Categories have tables on
Three2012
population and building stock
information
Cat I: New maps and studies added.
Cat II: New maps and studies added.
Cat III: New maps and studies added.
Cat IV: Updated earthquake maps
and information added.
Cat V: No change
Cat VI: New maps and studies added.
Cat VII: Updated information including
planning and threats
Cat VIII: No Change
Cat IX: Addendum added on
Mitigation Programs
Cat X: No Change
Addendum 1 to Section III added.
Consolidated Declared Emergencies
and Disaster in Kitsap County
Section Revised Formatting December MSG
Four2012
Section Five Revised Formatting December MSG
2012
Appendices Appendix B changed to include file on December MSG
each participating agency
2012
Appendix D added. Resources and
References
Appendix E added. Glossary of Terms
and Definitions
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface and Acknowledgements………………………………………………………..vii
Executive Summary vii
Matrix of Changes ix
Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012 Participants xii
Section One: Introduction……………………………………………………………..…..1-1
I.Definition of Hazard Mitigation…………………………………………………..1-1
II.Purpose of Plan…………………………………………………………..……………1-1
III.Planning Process………………………………………………………..……………1-1
Lead Agency and Steering Committee Participation 1-1
Hazard Mitigation Planning CommitteeTasks 1-2
SteeringCommittee Hazard Mitigation Strategy Identification Activities 1-2
Plan review and Adoption Process 1-5
IV.Legal Authority………………………………………………………………………..1-8
Federal Laws 1-8
State Laws 1-9
Local Codes and Ordinances 1-10
V.Plan Maintenance……………………………………………………………..……..1-10
Evaluation, Update and Maintenance of the Plan 1-10
Continued Public Involvement 1-11
Section Two: Planning Process…………………………………………………………..2-1
I.Mitigation Planning…………………………………………………………………..2-1
II.Hazard Mitigation Process for Kitsap County………………………………2-2
Hazard Mitigation Planning Process-Reviewed and Update 2010 2-2
III.Risk Assessment……………………………………………………………………..2-6
Risk Assessment Overview 2-6
History of Disasters in Kitsap County 2-6
Kitsap County Profile 2-9
Kitsap County Infrastructure 2-11
Geographical/Topographical Description of Kitsap County 2-13
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REVISED: DECEMBER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Earthquake Country 2-18
IV.Organizational Strategies and Conclusions…………………………..……2-23
County Wide Mitigation Strategies 2-23
Summary 2-26
Section Three: Strategies and Recommendations-Priority One…………...…3-1
Hazard Categories
I.Flood Mitigation Strategies……………………………………………….3-2
II.Severe Storms Mitigation Strategies………………………………….3-17
III.Land Shift Mitigation Strategies…………………………………………3-21
IV.Earthquake Mitigation Strategies……………………………………….3-31
V.Drought Mitigation Strategies……………………………………………3-47
VI.Tsunami Mitigation Strategies…………………………………………..3-53
VII.Terrorism and Civil Disorder Mitigation Strategies……………...3-63
VIII.Multi-Hazard Mitigation Strategies……………………………………..3-69
IX.Multi-Hazard Public Education Programs Mitigation……………..3-71
Strategies
X.Fire Mitigation Strategies………………………………………………..…3-77
Addendum I: Declared Emergencies and Disasters in Kitsap County 1995 through
2010 3-82
Section Four: Strategies and Recommendations-Priority Two………………….4-1
I.Flood Mitigation Strategies………………………………………………….4-2
II.Severe Storm Mitigation Strategies………………………………………4-2
III.Land Shift Mitigation Strategies…………………………………………..4-2
IV.Earthquake Mitigation Strategies…………………………………………4-2
V.Drought Mitigation Strategies………………………………………………4-3
VI.Tsunami Mitigation Strategies…………………………………………..…4-4
VII.Multi-Hazard Mitigation Strategies
VIII.Multi-Hazard Public Education program Mitigations Strategies..4-4
IX-XNone
Section Five: Future Actions and Goals…………………………………………………..5-1
I.Summary…………………………………………………………………………….5-1
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
II.Future Actions………………………………………………..………………..…5-1
Kitsap County Emergency Management Council 5-1
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee 5-1
III.Long Term Goals and Strategies……………………………………………5-3
Appendices
A.Kitsap County Mitigation Planning Committee Meeting Records………A-1
B.Participating Organizations’ Profiles and Public Notification and
Meeting Records……………………………………………………………………..……B-1
C.Hazard Mitigation Plan Maps………….………………………………………………C-1
D.Resources and References…………………………………………………………….D-1
E.Glossary of Terms and Definitions………………………………………………….E-1
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
LIST OF TABLES, EXHIBITS, AND ADDENDUMS
Tables
1.1Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Development-2010…………………………...…1-5
1.2Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Agency Adoptions-2010 1-5
1.3Plan Evaluation and Update Schedule 2005-2016 1-11
2.1Kitsap County Emergency Disaster Histories 2-8
2.2Kitsap Housing Histories by Housing Type, Kitsap County Community……………………..2-12
Development Block Grant
2.3Transportation Links in Kitsap County 2-13
2.4Creeks and Fresh Water Ways in Kitsap County 2-15
2.5Strategies by Participating Organizations 2010 2-26
I-1 Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Flooding in Kitsap County 2012……………………...3-10
I-2 Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by Flooding 2012 3-10
II-1 Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Severe Storms in Kitsap County 2012 3-20
II-2 Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by Severe Storms 2012 3-20
III-1 LIDAR Defined Landslides Kitsap County, Kitsap County 2008……………………………….3-24
III-2 Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Land Shift in Kitsap County 2012 3-29
III-3 Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by Land Shift 2012 3-29
IV-1 History of Major Earthquakes in Washington State 3-37
IV-2 Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Earthquakes in Kitsap County 2012…………………3-45
IV-3 Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by Earthquakes 2012 3-45
V-1 Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Significant Droughts in Kitsap County 2012 3-50
V-2 Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by 3-51
Significant Droughts 2012
VI-1 Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Tsunamis in Kitsap County 2012…………………….3-62
VI-2 Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Tsunamis affected by Land Shift 2012 3-63
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
VII-1 Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Land Shift in Kitsap County 2012 3-68
VII-3 Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by Land Shift 2012 3-68
X-1 Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Fires in Kitsap County 2012………………………….3-80
X-2 Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by Fires 2012 3-80
Exhibits
2.1Washington Disasters by County as of October 2012, FEMA Region 10……………………2-7
2.2Kitsap County’s VulnerablePopulation Estimates 2012 2-11
2.3Lakes and Streams in Kitsap County 2-14
2.4FEMA’s Flood Hazard Zones and Floodways Kitsap County 2007 2-16
2.5Geologically Hazardous Areas Map for Kitsap County, Kitsap County GIS…………………2-17
2.6Cascadia Subduction Earthquake Sources 2-19
2.7Major Fault Zones in the Puget Sound, Kitsap County GIS 2-19
2.8Liquefaction Areas in Kitsap County, Kitsap County GIS 2-20
2.9 Soft Soil Classifications in Kitsap County, Kitsap County GIS…………………………………2-21
2.10Example of LIDAR Mapping Kitsap County, Kitsap County GIS 2-22
I-1 FEMA Flood Zones 2008, Kitsap County GIS 3-11
III-1 Landslides Prone Areas in Kitsap County, USGS LIDAR Mapping 2008 3-28
IV-1 Seismic Zone Map, USGS…………………………………………………………………………3-31
IV-2 Major Fault Zones in the Puget Sound Region 3-34
IV-3 Cascadia Subduction Earthquake Sources 3-34
IV-4 Notable Earthquakes from 1969 to Present, Pacific Northwest Seismic Network 3-36
IV-5 Liquefaction in Kitsap County, Kitsap County GIS………………………………………………3-41
IV-6 Soil Site Classification Map, Kitsap County 2012, Kitsap County GIS and 3-42
CommunityDevelopment
IV-7 Geological Critical Areas in Kitsap County, Kitsap County GIS 3-43
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
IV-8 Quaternary Fault LinesKitsap County, Kitsap County GIS 3-44
VI-1 Potential Tsunami Inundation Zone Showing the Cities of Bremerton and
Port Orchard, Kitsap County GIS…………………………………………………………..…….3-60
VI-2 Potential Tsunami Inundation Zone Showing Eagle Harbor inthe City of
Bainbridge Island, Kitsap County GIS 3-61
VII-1 Homeland Security Region 2 Interoperable Communications Framework 3-67
VIII-1 Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management Public Education and
Outreach Programs 3-75
Addendums
1.Declared Emergencies and Disaster in Kitsap County 1995 through 2010………………….3-82
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REVISED: DECEMBER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION
PLAN – 2012 Revision
Preface and Acknowledgements
Executive Summary
In 2000, the federal government enacted the Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA 2000; P.L. 106-390)
requiring states, local jurisdictions and tribal governments to have an approved mitigation plan
in place to be eligible for mitigation funding. In 2004, Kitsap County and its Department of
Emergency Management committed to providing coordination in an effort to identify possible
alternatives and to secure funding for the benefit of the County and its Cities.
The Kitsap County Multi Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) is a living document and is now
undergoing its first five-year major update in the winter of 2009/2010.Administrative Note:
The Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management acknowledges that the process for
State Review and Federal approval is two years after the 5 year review of 2010. This delay is
due to personnel turnover at the Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management and
other mitigating circumstances. Although the revision is two years old, its contents have been
reviewed and there has been no changes that may affect the outcome of document approval at
this time. Additional information and updates have been provided in each section to include
maps, studies and analysis. Formatting has been improvedto including page numbers and
other changes for ease of review. Do to the quick turnaround time, some statistical or analysis
data has not been provided in this plan. Future reviews and plans will incorporate changes as
the information becomes available.
The Kitsap County Mitigation Plan is a reflection of Kitsap County. Upon approval by FEMA,
this document will be due for its next formal review in 2017.
Most pertinent elements of the 2004 MHMP have retained their integrity in the 2012MHMP.
Most sections of this document did not require significant changes. General updates and
updates to documented FEMA declarations and other significant hazard incidents have been
updated and included from years 2004 – March 2010. All footnotes/endnotes and links have
been reviewed, verified, and updated as needed or possible. This entire document has been
reviewed. Again, minor changes have been made. All hazard specific information is based on
the updated Kitsap County Hazard Identification Vulnerability Assessment (HIVA 2008) the
Matrix 1.1,
following information should be considered. titled Kitsap County Multi Hazard
Mitigation Plan 2010Matrix of Changes, has been created. This document details all major
changes made to the updated MHMP. The Matrix is located at the end of this section. Additional
changes are indicated within each MHMP section, and are referenced accordingly. During
development of this updated document, some duplicated language has been removed, but
reference has been made to the existing language in other portions of the 2010 MHMP.
This document is the culmination of a cooperative County-Wide Planning Team effort and
required participation from Kitsap County internal government departments/agencies, local
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REVISED: DECEMBER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
government city jurisdictions, fire and utility districts, special purpose districts, school districts,
KitsapCounty Department of Emergency Management (DEM), State of Washington Emergency
Management Division (State EMD), and the U. S. Department of Homeland Security’s Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This MHMP meets the requirement for a Hazard
Mitigation Plan under the amended Stafford Act (44 CFR, Part 201). Many local jurisdictions,
communities, governmental agencies, and the public were involved in the RHMP development
and critical review process. It is vital for the County to have a proactive, coordinated approach to
mitigation. Mitigation measures save lives, reduce injuries and prevent or decrease financial
losses from the many hazards our region faces. The 2009MHMP examines efforts that can be
applied to reduce the loss of life and property, human suffering, economic disruption, and
disaster assistance costs through prevention and mitigation efforts.
Some projects are being implemented with existing funding sources. As additional funding
sources become available, the county-wide plan will guide the selection of eligible projects from
the criteria set forth in the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and from other mitigation
funding sources.
The development of this document represents a coordinated effort of many elements in the
region. We are indebted to the staff of Washington State Emergency Management, FEMA,
technical writers, researchers and contributing members of the participating workgroups. Each
local mitigation strategy can stand alone but the combined efforts provide greater return for the
region as a whole. The underlying regional mitigation plan goal is to implement the regional
strategy through mutually beneficial and cost-effective regionalprojects
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REVISED: DECEMBER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2012 Kitsap County Multi Hazard Mitigation Plan
Change Matrix
Summary of Changes
This Change Matrixdocuments most of the pertinent changes made from the 2004 Multi Hazard
Mitigation Plan (MHMP) to the 2012 MHMP Update. This 2012 matrix represents high level
.
changes made during the planning and update process
Executive
New additions for the plan are shown as: (new in 2012);
Summary
General grammar and statistical data updates as available and/or as
noted or assumed made.
Flooding hazard strategies significantly updated (section three)
Participating cities, agencies and specialpurpose districts updated.
Although plan format is consistent with the 2004 plan, changes have
been instituted for simplicity and clarity.
Matrix of Changes added as a new tracking document for the 2010 plan
update
Planning Context
Definedthe plan update process and established the time lines for the
and Time Lines
required planning documents.
Build membership list by inviting those cities, agencies and special
purpose districts which participated in the 2004 MHMP.
Establish Sub-Committee to serve as basic plan review team.
Participating Cities / Special Purpose Districts / Agencies
20042012
Fire Districts
Fire Dist. #7Changed to
Fire Dist. #18South Kitsap Fire
& Rescue
Changed to
Poulsbo Fire &
Rescue
Utility Districts
Karcher Creek Sewer and Annapolis Water DistrictsCombined to
form West Sound
Utility District
Sunnyslope Water DistrictDid not
participate
Governmental
Kitsap Regional LibraryKitsap Regional
Agencies
Library
(major profile
change)
Kitsap County Consolidated Housing Authority
Did not
participate
Not For Profit
Kitsap Historical SocietyDid not
Agencies
participate
Section One
Revised Formatting
Summary of Add: Plan Review Update
ChangesLegal Authorities: Expanded to includeassociation with Mitigation
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REVISED: DECEMBER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
planning
Plan Maintenance scheduled updated through 2016
Section Two
Revised Formatting
Summary of Revised Introduction
ChangesRisk Assessment Reformatted
New Exhibits added
Table 2.1 Kitsap County Emergency/Disaster History Formatted
Kitsap County Profile formatted and updated to 2010 Census
Profile add-ons: vulnerability populations, Building structures, housing
types
Updated geographical/topographical Descriptions
Add information on “Earthquake Country” with associated maps.
Section ThreeRevised Formatting
Summary of All Categories have tables on population and building stock information
ChangesCat I: New maps and studies added.
Cat II: New maps and studies added.
Cat III: New maps and studies added.
Cat IV: Updated earthquake maps and information added.
Cat V: No change
Cat VI: New maps and studies added.
Cat VII: Updated information including planning and threats
Cat VIII: No Change
Cat IX: Addendum added on Mitigation Programs
Cat X: No Change
Addendum 1 to Section III added. Consolidated Declared Emergencies
and Disaster in Kitsap County
Critical Ordinances
Kitsap County
Revised February 2007
Bainbridge Island
Revised February 2006
Bremerton
Revised March 2006
Port Orchard
Revised December 2009
Poulsbo
Revised July 2007
Hazards
Kitsap County
Flood Mitigation (Item #7 –Culvert Management and replacement)
LIDAR hazard mapping and identification project is now complete. (Start
2000 final mapping 2009)
Section IV
Revised Formatting
Summary of
Changes
Section V
Revised Formatting
Summary of
Changes
Appendix B
Profiles
Kitsap Regional
Totally renovated 2004 profile to better match Special Purpose District
Library
template.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
West Sound Utility
WSUD formedby the joining of Karcher Creek Sewer District and the
District
Manchester Water District. The profiles containsupdated content but
have been combined into one profile for the new utility.
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REVISED: DECEMBER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012 Participants
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
wishes to acknowledge the
contribution of many individuals for their hard work and dedication that made this 2012Kitsap
County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan update possible. We extend our grateful appreciation to
the following Sub-Committee members:
Plan Review Sub-Committee:
RepresentativeOrganization
Ed CallDepartment of Emergency Management
Al DukeCity of Bremerton
Janis CastleHolly Ridge
Tony CarrollKitsap County Public Works
Cherrie CrowellSuquamish Tribe
DaveColombiniSouth Kitsap School District
Bob BowlingKitsap Mental Health
Hazard Mitigation Participants:
RepresentativeOrganization*Partnership
County and Cities
Ed Call and Tony CarrollKitsap CountyContinuing
Mark HinkleyCity of Bainbridge IslandContinuing
Al DukeCity of BremertonContinuing
Mark DorseyCity of Port OrchardContinuing
Crystal AckermanCity of PoulsboContinuing
Tribes
Cherrie MaySuquamish TribeContinuing
Port Gamble S’Klallam TribeDid not participate
School Districts
Clayton MorkBainbridge Island School DistrictContinuing
Marco DiCiccoBremerton School DistrictContinuing
Patti Woolf/Cheryl PortierCentral Kitsap School DistrictContinuing
Aaron LeavellNorth Kitsap School DistrictContinuing
Dave ColombiniSouth Kitsap School DistrictContinuing
Fire Districts
Luke CarpenterBainbridge Island Fire DistrictContinuing
Jay LovatoCentral Kitsap Fire & RescueContinuing
Wayne KierNorth Kitsap Fire & RescueContinuing
Jeff RussellPoulsbo Fire & Rescue Continuing
Formerly Fire District 18
Steve WrightSouth Kitsap Fire & Rescue Continuing
Formerly Fire District 7
Water Districts
Alan FletcherManchester Water DistrictContinuing
Jim FreemanNorth Perry Water DistrictContinuing
Morgan Johnson/Jeannie Silverdale Water DistrictContinuing
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REVISED: DECEMBER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Screws
Larry Curles/Sue FowlerWest Sound Utility District Continuing
FormerlyKarcher Creek and Annapolis Water
Districts
Sunnyslope Water DistrictDid Not Participate
Other Government Agencies/Organizations
Ed Call/Phyllis MannKitsap County Departmentof Emergency Continuing
Management
Jessica GuidryKitsap Public HealthContinuing
Chris KeoghKitsap Community ResourcesNew
Susan WhitfordKitsap Regional Library New
John ClausonKitsap TransitContinuing
Jason NutsfordKitsap Public Utility DistrictNew
Consolidated Housing AuthorityDid Not Participate
Bob BowlingKitsap Mental HealthContinuing
Not-For-Profit Agencies
David RasmussenAmerican Red Cross(King and Kitsap Continuing
Counties)
Janis CastleHolly RidgeCenterNew
Kitsap County Historical Society MuseumDid Not Participate
Chuck Russell/Kevin Peninsula ServicesNew
Kilbridge
Ports
Continuing
Fred SalisburyPort of Bremerton
Kevin VanVlietPort of Kingston Continuing
Ed ScholfieldPort of SilverdaleNew
Port of PoulsboDid Not Participate
*Partnership: Continuing. NewDid not
-continued support and adoption from original plan-new partner.
participate
-organization dissolved or did not have a desire to continue participation in the plan.
ACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEM
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
SECTION ONE:Introduction
I.DEFINITION OF HAZARD MITIGATION
Hazard Mitigation is any action taken to eliminate or reduce the risk to human life, property and the environment +posed
by a hazard.
Hazard Mitigation may occur during any phase of a threat,emergency or disaster.
Mitigation can and should take place during preparedness (before), response (during), and recovery
(after) phases.
II.PURPOSE OF PLAN
The purpose of the Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan is to promote sound public policy
designed to protect citizens, critical facilities, infrastructure, private property, and the environment from
all hazards. This can be achieved by increasing public awareness, documenting the resources for risk
reduction and loss-prevention, and identifying activities to guide the county towards building a safer,
more sustainable community.
The plan identifies and evaluates specific Hazard Mitigation strategies to be considered by Kitsap
County and its political subdivisions, agencies, and organizations.
The strategies presented are deemed appropriate and effective by recommendation of the Kitsap
County Hazard Mitigation Planning Team.
Upon acceptance by the participating jurisdictions’ governing bodies, the selected strategies will be
further developedfor funding and implementation by the lead agencies.
The plan is based upon the Kitsap County Hazard Identification Vulnerability Analysis (HIVA – October
2008) that considers the natural, technological and human-caused (including terrorism) risks to which
Kitsap County and its political subdivisions are vulnerable. The plan describes strategies that
government and the private sector may utilize as their capabilities to mitigate those hazards.
It is understood the mitigation strategies adopted in this plan are recommendations only, as they must
be approved and funded to be designated as official Hazard Mitigation Strategies to be implemented by
Kitsap County and its political subdivisions.
III. PLANNING PROCESS
LEAD AGENCY AND STEERING COMMITTEE PARTICIPATION
The Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management shall be the lead agency coordinating the
efforts of the Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee in formulating and supporting the
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Strategy Identification and Plan promulgation and maintenance.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 1-1
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING COMMITTEE TASKS
1.Coordinate with the Department of Emergency Management to oversee planning process.
2.Prioritize hazards vs. resources.
3.Select highest and best mitigation recommendations.
4.Review planning drafts, recommendations and updates.
5.Develop and implement long and short term goals.
6.Integrate the plan with all phases of Comprehensive Emergency Management Planning.
7.Provide for the implementation of committee decisions.
8.Encourage, coordinate, and provide a methodology for the implementation of input from the
public, elected officials and agency personnel.
9.Establish committee tasks:
Determine implementation ability and constraints for proposed Hazard Mitigation
planning steps and measures.
Bring forward community concerns.
Identify implementation resources.
Provide for the update of Comprehensive Emergency Management Plans on a
scheduled basis.
Evaluate and carry out mitigation activities.
Assist in identification of funding sources and procurement of funds to support hazard
mitigation.
STEERING COMMITTEE HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGY IDENTIFICATION ACTIVITIES
1998-99Planning Process – Overview
Members of the Steering Committee met with representatives from each City and County in the
Community to identify Local Hazard Mitigation Strategy recommendations (see Table A. - 1998-1999
Steering Committee previous).
The Steering Committee, starting in August of 1998 through April of 1999, met on a monthly basis to
identify additional Hazard Mitigation Strategy recommendations and to develop those recommendations
received from the political subdivisions.
In January of 1999 the Steering Committee assisted in the facilitation of a Community-Wide Planning
Team full day meeting to introduce the community to the Hazard Mitigation Strategies identified and
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 1-2
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
receive input and prioritization from the Community-Wide Planning Team. Over 80 community
participants attended the day-long working session and examined, prioritized, and recommended
acceptance or rejection of the Hazard Mitigation Strategies presented.
Following the January meeting the Steering Committee again examined and prioritized the Hazard
Mitigation Strategies incorporating the result from the Community-Wide Planning Team meeting. The
Steering Committee further estimated implementation costs for those strategies where possible.
The Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan and Recovery Plan were formally adopted in October
1999 by the Kitsap County Emergency Management Council (includes the three county commissioners
and the mayors of each city).
2003-04 Plan Development – Overview
Members of the Planning Committee met on a bi-monthly/monthly basis from February of 2003 through
July of 2004 to review and update the 1999 plan.
The Planning Committee broke into sub-groups by expertise to review, assess and evaluate current
recommendations, strategies and priorities and to develop new recommendations, strategies and
priorities as needed. The sub-groups broke down as follows:
Community Groups (Not-for-Profits)
City Community Development
Fire Agencies
School Districts
Ports
Water Purveyors
The outcome of these sub-groups was as followed:
1.Schools – Natural Hazards –Earthquake mitigation and preparedness is still a number one
issue for schools. School violence is the terrorist threat that now requires more attention and
mitigation activities.
2.Ports reviewed all strategies but the newest threat is terrorism and port security will need to be
included in the planning process.
3.Fire Agencies confirmed all mitigation strategies for drought were still effective.
4.All other agencies reviewed all strategies and assessed most were current for there
organizations.
5.The Planning Committee designed the public outreach process for May of 2004.
6.The Planning Committee further developed an ongoing Planning Committee comprised of one
representative from each discipline to meet annually (in April) to evaluate ongoing strategies,
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 1-3
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
update the plan as needed, determine ways to add additional strategies as identified by either
the community at large and/or an event that took place in the community that identified areas
for mitigation (i.e., earthquake).
2012Plan Review and Update
All City and Special Purpose District planning partners were contacted in October 2009 to advise them
of the periodic update to this plan. All were asked to review their current profile, update profile
information and supplemental documents and place the planning meetings on their calendars for
December 2009 through March2010.
th
The kick off meeting was held on December 17, 2009 and the attending partners agreed on the
deadlines for agency specific documentation delivery. Planning partners unable to attend the meeting
thth
on December 17, 2009 attended a second kick off meeting on December 28, 2009. All partners
agreed to the delivery deadlines.
st
The progress of the MHMP Update was verified at a meeting held on January 21, 2010. In addition to
verifying progress a sub committee was formed to review the basic plan from 2004 to determine if the
basic plan, process, strategies and recommendations all remain valid for Kitsap County and associated
Cities and Special Purpose Districts based on the HIVA (October 2008). The volunteers for this sub
committee represented a cross section of all of the planning partners including representatives from
Public Works, Schools, Water/Utility, Tribal, City and County Government. These volunteers would
review the basic plan in its entirety and provide feedback before the next planning partner meeting.
th
The planning partners met again on February 18, 2010 for final verification of progress. By this time
each partner had made public notice (if applicable), held a hearing on their profile input for the MHMP
update, and provided minutes of those board meetings / hearings for inclusion into the plan. All
documents were to be electronically submitted for the plan one week from this meeting so that the
update of the MHMP could be completed.
Each Planning Partner was tasked to:
Review the 2004 Multi-hazard Mitigation Plan
Update their jurisdiction/agency profile
Evaluate and update their profiles to reflect changes in hazard risk assessments
Evaluate strategies and update profiles for potential terrorism threats and mitigation
strategies
Report on completed mitigation strategies to the Committee
Report any concerns that may warrant further action by the Hazard Mitigation Planning
Sub-Committee
Collaborate with other functional organizations on mitigation strategies
As noted in the Executive Summary, plan submission and approval has been delayed due to personnel
changes both at the Washington State Emergency Management Division and Kitsap Department of
Emergency Management (DEM). At DEM, due to the downturn in the economy, the department
suffered personnel losses including the Planner position. As such this plan is submitted using 2012 as
the Revision year and beginning a new maintenance cycle for the plan.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 1.1– Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Development-2010
DateActivitySubjectAction Items
th
October 29, 2009Notification of MHMP Review Current HIVA Team to review HIVA, MHMP
Update, kick off (October 2008), MHMP andbegin on updates to
meeting date and (December 2004) and profiles
timeline for updateschedule meeting dates
th
December 17, 2009MeetingAction Items –Review Continue development of
Plan Profilerequired elements and
Public Noticeupdated profile
Meeting Notice
Meeting Minutes
Follow up MHMP meeting
dates
December 28 th, 2009MeetingAction Items –Review Continue development of
Plan Profilerequired elements and
Public Noticeupdated profile
Meeting Notice
Meeting Minutes
Follow up MHMP meeting
dates
st
January 21, 2010MeetingReview Project TimelineContinue development of
Provide Planning required elements and
Assistanceupdated profile.
Establish Sub-committeeSub-committee to review
basic plan for necessary
updates.
th
February 18, 2010MeetingFinalize documents and Final deadline for submission
timeline for submission.of all notices, agenda,
Sub-committee reports no minutes and profiles is one
significant changes to plan, week. All planning partners
only minor updates to text, on schedule.
data and fiscal info.
th
February 25, 2010Partner documentsDeliver all electronic Await draft plan finalization
documents for plan updateand approval
th
March 11, 2010Draft Plan ReviewDraft Plan to DirectorCorrections as needed
th
March 12, 2010Draft Plan DeliveryDelivery of Draft Plan to Await approval and forwarding
WA EMD to FEMAfor final approval.
PLAN REVIEW AND ADOPTION PROCESS
Thirty-fivejurisdictions participated in the updating and promulgation of the Kitsap County Multi-Hazard
Mitigation Plan. Each jurisdiction participating is governed by rules for public involvement.The
Planning Committee took the following steps to assure that the public was involved in the development
of the plan:
1.Community meetings were held throughout Kitsap County for citizens to comment on the plan.
See Table 1.1 – Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Review and Appendix A – Public
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 1-5
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Notices/Meeting Records. This was facilitated by each participating City or Special Purpose
District through their approved public notice andmeeting processes. (Appendix B)
2.Governmental agencies and participating organizations reviewed the plan as required by their
governing bodies during the months of October 2009 through February 2010. See Table 1.2 –
Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Agency Process.
3.Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management placed the Mitigation Plan on its web
page for publicreview and comment. (Appendix B).
Table 1.2 – Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Agency Adoptions-2010
OrganizationAdopting AuthorityAdoption Date(s)
Cities:
Bainbridge Island02/24/2010
Bainbridge Island City Council
Bremerton02/10/2010
Bremerton City Council
Port Orchard02/09/2010
Port Orchard City Council
Poulsbo02/02/2010
Poulsbo City Council
Fire Districts:
02/03/2010
Bainbridge Island Fire District
Bainbridge Island Fire District
Board of Commissioners
02/08/2010
Central KitsapFire & RescueCentral Kitsap Fire & Rescue
Board of Commissioners
01/14/2010
South Kitsap Fire and Rescue
South Kitsap Fire and Rescue
Board of Commissioners
01/27/2010
Poulsbo Fire Department Board
Poulsbo Fire Department
of Commissioners
01/25/2010
North Kitsap Fire and Rescue
North Kitsap Fire & Rescue
Board of Fire Commissioners
Bremerton City Council
Bremerton Fire Department
Kitsap County GovernmentKitsap County Board of County 02/16/2010
Commissioners
Kitsap County Public HealthKitsap County Public Health 02/02/2010
Board of Health
Kitsap County Regional Library Kitsap County Rural Library 01/26/2010
District Board of Directors
Kitsap Public Utilities DistrictKitsap Public Utilities District 01/26/2010
Board of Commissioners
Kitsap Transit Kitsap Transit Board of 02/16/2010
Commissioners
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 1.2 – Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Agency Process-2010 – Cont’d
OrganizationAdopting AuthorityAdoption Dates
Not-for-Profit Agencies:
American Red Cross of King 01/24/2010
American Red Cross Executive
& Kitsap Counties
Director
Holly Ridge Center01/28/2010
Holly Ridge Center, Board of
01/28/2010
Kitsap Community Resources
Directors
Kitsap Community Resources, Board
01/19/2010
Kitsap Mental Health Services
of Directors
Kitsap Mental Health Services Board
02/24/2010
Peninsula Servicesof Directors
Peninsula Services Board of
Directors
Ports:
02/09/2010
Port of Bremerton
Port of Bremerton Board of
Commissioners
01/19/2010
Port of Kingston Port of Kingston Board of
Commissioners
Non-Participant
Port of Poulsbo Board of
Port of Poulsbo
Commissioners
School Districts:
01/14/2010
Bainbridge Island School
Bainbridge Island School District
District
Board of Directors
02/04/2010
Bremerton School District
Bremerton School District Board of
Directors
02/10/2010
Central Kitsap School DistrictCentral Kitsap School District Board
of Directors
02/24/2010
North Kitsap School District Board of
North Kitsap School District
Directors
02/03/2010
South Kitsap School District Board of
South Kitsap School District
Directors
Tribes:
01/25/2010
Suquamish Tribe
Suquamish Tribal Council
Removed August 2013
from the Plan
Water Districts:
01/26/2010
Kitsap Public Utility District
Kitsap Public Utility District Board of
Commissioners
02/09/2010
Manchester Water District
Manchester Water District Board of
Commissioners
02/03/2010
North Perry Water District
North Perry Water District Board of
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 1-7
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Commissioners
Silverdale Water DistrictSilverdale Water District Board of 02/04/2010
Commissioners
Sunnyslope Water District Board of Non-Participant
Sunnyslope Water District
Commissioners
West Sound Utilities District Board of 02/16/2010
West Sound Utilities District
Commissioners
IV. LEGAL AUTHORITY
FEDERAL LAWS
"The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950”
1.
Provides general information to mitigation planners on the history of emergency planning
response in the United States. Although it does not focus on natural mitigation strategies, it
provides a background read on threats and the protection of life and property in the U.S.
Public Law 96-342 “The Improved Civil Defense Act of 1980”
2.
Provides general information to mitigation planners on the history of emergency planning
response in the United States. Although it does not focus on natural mitigation strategies, it
provides a background read on threats and the protection of life and property in the U.S.This
bill enhanced the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 to improve emergency warning systems,
establishment of better command and control through emergency operations, and
improvements in preparing for potential threat (mostly hostile). The document provides a
background in the history of mitigation measures in the U.S.
Public Law 91-606 “Disaster Relief Act"
3.
Public Law 91-606 was enacted in 1970 and a prelude to the Stafford Act. It provided
provision for public relief after a disaster and provided federal support from agencies to
respond during disasters. The document provides general background information on
disaster relief. It assists locals in understanding the history and provision of disaster relief.
Public Law 93-288 “The Robert T. Stafford DisasterRelief Act of 1988”
4.
The Disaster Act of 1974 was amended in 1988 as the Robert T. Stafford Act which provided
provision for disaster relief to include pre-disaster mitigation plans and strategies. This
document sets the stage in defining this mitigationplan for local and its mitigation strategists.
“Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000”
5.
This document amended the Robert T. Stafford Relief Act of 1988 to include among other
revisions; “encouraging hazard mitigation measures to reduce losses from disasters,
including development of land use and construction regulations.”Along with the Robert T.
Stafford Act, these documents are essential to local planners in defining mitigation strategies
for their jurisdictions.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEMA’s Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance under the Disaster Mitigation Act
6.
of 2000-Revision 2007
FEMA’s Guide on Multi-Hazard mitigation planning is designed to help interpret the rules in
the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. It defines requirements of original and updated plans to
insure rules are met. This guidance is essential for mitigation planning and the core
document for processing the development and adoption of the plan
STATE LAWS
1.Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 34.05 Administrative Procedure Act
The legislature intends, by enactingthis 1988 Administrative Procedure Act, to clarify the
existing law of administrative procedure, to achieve greater consistency with other states and
the federal government in administrative procedure, and to provide greater public and
legislative access to administrative decision making. Used as a proceeding for administrative
law in such areas as rule making, adoption rules, plan format, and public participation.
2.Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 38.52
Defines the roles and responsibilities of Emergency Management to include hazard mitigation
planning. It requires the adoption of the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
which includes provides for hazard mitigation planning. These measures are the foundation
of the Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan.
RCW 37.70A.040/050/120 “Regulations and Implementation Guidance for
2.
Comprehensive Plans
Define the requirements for jurisdictions’comprehensiveplanning to includeclassifying
agriculture, forest, mineral lands, and critical areas. Comprehensive planning begins with
defining critical to insure areas can be mitigated to reduce natural hazard risks.
WAC 246-290
3. “Public Water Supplies”
Governs the main regulations for water systems in the State of Washington.Provides
regulations for engineering requirements, ownership, variances and planning. Essential to
land use and critical area reviews. Local use this document for mitigating risks to water
systems.
LOCAL CODES AND ORDINANCES
Kitsap County, 1980. Ordinance No. 80 - FloodDamage Prevention Regulations
1.
Assist local in define flood and storm watermitigation measures. Use to evaluate flood risk
and mitigation strategies to prevent public and private damage during flooding events.
Kitsap County Ordinance No. 109, March 24, 1986
2.
Ordinance No. 109 provided for the inception of County Emergency Management including
the roles and responsibilities to include hazard mitigation and prevention.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 1-9
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Kitsap County critical Areas Ordinance, December, 2005
3.
City of Bainbridge Island CriticalArea Ordinance, February, 2006
City of Poulsbo Chapter 16.20 Critical Area Ordinances, July, 2007
Port Orchard Critical Ordinance, December, 2009
City of Bremerton Critical Lands Ordinance, March 2006
Critical area Ordinances define areas with potentialrisks or hazardous to the public. These
areas may require mitigation efforts for land use. Strategies are defined at the city or county
level to improve these areas for developers. These plans will define such hazards as flood
plain areas, hazardous materials to includedefined superfund sites, and those areas known
for ancient ground movement. These plans are essential to mitigation strategies and
developing long term land use plans.
Kitsap County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, March 2010
4.
Adopted as the basis for the Multi-Hazard Mitigation plan and strategy in Kitsap County. Each
City and the County have an adopted plan which defines the importance of mitigation and
includes as an Annex, the Hazard Identification andVulnerability Assessments 2008.
A list of Studies, technical information, and reports can be found in Appendix D and noted in
Sections of this plan.
V. PLAN MAINTENANCE
EVALUATION, UPDATE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE PLAN
The Kitsap County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan will be evaluated on an annual basis, (historically
during April) and after every major emergency/disaster that impacts Kitsap County and/or its cities, to
determine the effectiveness of the mitigation strategies, programs or other related activities. Every five
years starting in September 2004, the plan will be updated and forwarded to the Washington State
Division of Emergency Management, Hazard Mitigation Officer for review and subsequently forwarded
to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region 10 per the requirements of the Disaster
Mitigation Act 2000.
During the annual review process, the Department of Emergency Management will facilitate the annual
review process with the Planning Committee made up of the Sub-Committee and agency participants
noted in the introduction section (page xii-xiii).The committee will review the current strategies to
determine their relevance to changing situations within Kitsap County as well as known changes in
State or Federal policy. Upon completion of the initial reviewby the Sub-Committee, Kitsap County
Emergency Management will convene a meeting with jurisdictionand agency mitigation plan
representatives. This review will discuss as a minimum:
Validate jurisdiction/agency representatives and changes to the Sub-committee
Changes to local policies or strategies that warrant a local revision to the plan
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 1-10
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Updates on overall and jurisdictional/agency strategies
Changes to federal and state mitigation programs
Lessons learned from emergencies/disasters; local and national
Hazard Mitigation Grants
The committee will also review the recommended implementation process of each mitigation strategy
identified.
After the annual review process, the committee, through the Department of Emergency Management,
will develop a written report describing its findings. The “annual report” will be sent to the governing
bodies of participating organizations that developed the plan.Table 1.3 outlinesthe Mitigation Plan
evaluate and revision schedule through 2016.
Table 1.3 – Plan Evaluationand Update Schedule – 2005-2016
Activity DateRequired Activity To Be Completed
April 2005Annual Review, develop and submit findings by September
April 2006Annual Review, develop and submit findings by September
April 2007Annual Review, develop and submit findings by September
April 2008Annual Review, develop and submit findings by September
April 2009 –June 20095-year update begins
July 2009Conduct Public Forum(s) for review process
October 2009Plan Revision Began
March 2010Plan sent to State Mitigation Officer for acceptance(not
acceptedand returned to meet FEMA’s Crosswalk)
April 2013Annual Review, develop and submit findings by September
April 2014Annual Review, develop and submit findings by September
April 2015Annual Review, develop and submit findings by September
April 2016–June 20165-year update begins
CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
The Emergency Management Council, as well as all of the entities that participated in this plan, are
committed to continued public involvement and education. It will be important that all hazards mitigation
becomes integrated into existing programs and becomes part of the way jurisdictions makes decisions
about land use and facilities planning. As updates occur, copies of the Planand any proposed changes will
be posted on both the County’s and participating agency’s websites. These sites have a direct email link to
the Department of Emergency Management’s website to allow the public and other interested parties the
opportunity toaddress any comments and/or concerns they have relating to the Plan.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 1-11
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
A public meeting will also be held after each annual evaluation or when deemed necessary by the Hazard
Mitigation Planning Committee. The meetings will provide the public a forum forwhich they can express its
concerns, opinions, or ideas about the Plan. The Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management will
be responsible for using County resources to publicize the annual public meetings and maintain public
involvement through the webpage and newspapers.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 1-12
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 1-13
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
SECTION TWO: Planning Process
I. MITIGATION PLANNING
Hazard mitigation planning identifies and prioritizes sustained measures thatif enacted, will reduce or
eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects. This plan
briefly discusses man-made hazards, like terrorism, but will generally focus on natural hazards.
Mitigation measures can reduce personal loss, save lives, and reduce the cost to locals, state, and
federal governments for response and recover actions. In the long run, mitigation, whether preparing
citizens for disasters, training responders, or infrastructure protection, takes the burden off
responders to concentrate on problems that can not be mitigated, and/or reduces the effect on social
and economic recovery.
FEMA identified six broad categories of actions that constitute natural hazard mitigation:
1.Prevention- government administrative or regulatory actions to mandate or influence land use
and developments that help to minimize hazard losses. Items like zoning, building codes and
space preservation.
2.Property Protection-Modifications of existing buildings or structures to protect persons from
hazards including elevation, retrofits, fire systems.
3.Public Education and Awareness-programs to inform the public about self-mitigation methods
to minimize the effects on their residences.
4.Natural Resource Protection-actions taken to restore natural systems to include erosion
control, stream corridor restoration, watershed management and other preservation methods
that reduce loss of natural resources.
5.Emergency Services-Systems like emergency response systems, warning systems and
protection of critical facilities in order to effectively respond and recover from catastrophic
event.
6.Structural projects-construction projects that help to mitigate a potential issue from getting
worse during a disaster. For example, seawalls, levees, and retrofit systems to protect
communication infrastructures.
These categories become the core competencies for developing an effective mitigation program.
Planners use the competencies to assess organizational mitigation efforts, develop processes that
include these efforts, and select mitigation projects. As part ofthis assessment it must involveother
pertinent information thatdefine risk assessments and the value of mitigation to a jurisdiction and/or
Kitsap County.
Risk Assessments involve historical information on hazards, studies on geological/topographical
information, community profiles, and the value to Kitsap County. This section discusses the
assessment process in Kitsap County including hazard identification and assessments, the
Community profile, and the planning process.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 2-1
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
II. HAZARD MITIGATION PROCESS FOR KITSAP COUNTY
HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING PROCESS – REVIEWED AND UPDATED 2010
In Kitsap County, the planning process definesgoalsand objectives to assist inmitigation planning,
evaluation of mitigation strategies and identification of mitigation projects. The process includes
hazard identification and assessment, community identification, and understanding of the geological
history and its affects on land use and development.
1. Goals
These goals form the basis for the objectives detailed below. These goals are shown from
the highest priority, at the top of the list, to those of lesser importance.
Protection of life during and after the occurrence of disasters from identified hazards
Preventing loss of life and reducing the impact of damage where problems cannot be
eliminated
Protection of emergency response capability including:
Communication and Warning systems
Emergency Medical Services and Medical Facilities
Mobile Resources
Critical Facilities
Government Continuity
Protection of developed property, homes and businesses, industry, educational
opportunities and the cultural fabric by combining hazard loss reduction with the
community’s environmental, social and economic needs.
Promoting public awareness of community hazards and mitigation measures and
encouraging public participation in the planning objectives.
Preserving or restoring natural mitigation values such as flood plains.
Protection of natural resources and the environment.
2. Objectives
The following objectives are meant to serve as a “measuring stick” upon which individual
Hazard Mitigation projects can be evaluated. These criteria for evaluation become especially
important when two or more projects are competing for limited resources. Project criteria
objectives may include, but are not limited to, the following:
Assuring the Hazard Mitigation Plan is a functional document that identifies short and
long-term strategies and describes each measure including:
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 2-2
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Identification of person, agency or organization responsible for
implementation.
Projecting a time frame for implementation.
Explanation of how the project will be financed including the conditions for
financing and implementation as information is available.
Identifying alternative measures, should financing not be available.
Be consistent with, support, and help implement the goals and objectives of Hazard
Mitigation plans already in place for the geographic area in question.
Be based on the Kitsap County Hazard Identification Vulnerability Analysis.
Have significant potential to reduce damages to public and/or private property or
reduce the cost of Local, State and Federal recovery from future disasters.
Be the most practical, cost-effective, and environmentally sound alternative after
consideration of the options.
Address a repetitive problem, or one that has the potential to have a major impact on
an area, reducing the potential for loss of life, loss of essential services and personal
property, damage to critical facilities, economic loss, hardship or human suffering.
Meet applicable permit requirements.
Discouragement of development in hazardous areas.
Contribute to both the short and long term solution to the hazard vulnerability risk
problem.
Assure the benefits of a mitigation measure are equal to or exceed the cost of
implementation.
Have manageable maintenance and modification costs.
When possible, be designed to accomplish multiple objectives including improvement
of life-safety risk, damage reduction, restoration of essential services, protection of
critical facilities, security of economic development, recovery, and environmental
enhancement.
When possible, use existing resources, agencies and programs to implement the
project.
With approximately 35 organizations participating in this effort, there are other structures of
government besides those shown above.
Other Factors Impacting Community:
Existing Hazard Mitigation/Management/ Damage Reduction Plans.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Existing County Agencies and Programs.
Hazard Mitigation Measures currently implemented.
Financial constraints and ability to implement mitigation strategies.
State and Federal lands contained within Kitsap County impacting upon County
resources.
State and Federal transportation links serving Kitsap County and impacting upon
County resources.
3. Benefit/Cost Analysis and Prioritization for Natural Hazard Mitigation
Much of the loss from a natural disaster is a result of property and contents damage,
additional living and business interruption costs, and the cost of the response to the disaster
itself. The challenge for both governmental entities and the private sector is to determine the
economic feasibility of preventive actions (mitigation) that may lessen future losses. The
issue often raised by elected officials is whether the benefits of mitigation exceed the costs,
especially if no regulation or standard is required. Conversely, if a minimum standard were in
place at the time of the event, through a benefit cost analysis, it could demonstrate that
exceeding such minimums would still be economically defensible (reference Kona Village
Fire – Kitsap County Fire & Life Safety Ord. 12/6/99).
The goal of each strategy is reduction or prevention of damage from a hazard event. In order
to determine a strategy’s effectiveness in accomplishing this goal and prioritizing each
strategy, a set of criteria is applied to each proposed strategy.
The Planning Committee is broken down into sub groups by agency type. Each sub group
identifies potential strategies for their specific type of agency and prioritizes each strategy
taking the following considerations into account:
Plan goals and objectives: How does the mitigation action address the goals and objectives
of the plan?Does it reduce disaster damage?
Equity: Does the strategy benefit most, if not all the communities within the County? Is there
an equitable distribution of strategies by each participating agency?
Countywide impacts: How does it affect Kitsap County as a whole?
Ease of implementation: Can this action be easily implemented first? Does the agency(ies)
have the capability (funding, regulatory authority, staff) in place now to implement the
strategy?
Multi-objective strategies: Does this strategy achieve multiple goals?
Time: Can this strategy be quickly accomplished compared to those that would take a long
time to obtain the necessary approvals or funding?
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Post-disaster mitigation: Is this strategy more feasible in a post-disaster setting? Would the
extent of damages, political will, and access to State and Federal mitigation funds
dramatically alterthe feasibility of implementation?
After each sub group completes this process, recommended strategies are presented
o
to and reviewed by the entire Planning Committee. The Planning Committee rates
the strategies in order of overall priority based on the same considerations above and
considers the STAPLEE criteria listed below.
Social: Is the proposed strategy socially acceptable to the community? Are there equity
issues involved that would mean that one segment of the community is treated unfairly?
Technical: Will the proposed strategy work? Will it create more problems than it solves?
Administrative: Can the community implement the strategy? Is there someone to coordinate
and lead the effort?
Political: Is the strategy politically acceptable?Is there public support both to implement and
to maintain the project?
Legal: Is the community authorized to implement the proposed strategy? Is there a clear
legal basis or precedent for this activity?
Economic: What are the cost and benefits of this strategy? Does the cost seem reasonable
for the size of the problem and the likely benefits?
Environmental: How will the strategy impact the environment? Will the strategy need
environmental regulatory approvals?
Strategies are classified as either Priority One which are recommended for funding and
implementation or Priority Two which are suited to serve the community’s needs and may be
considered in the future should the opportunity arise and funding become available. (Refer to
the Strategies byParticipating Organizations 2013at the endof this section)
Detailed benefit-cost analysis’ are conducted using FEMA’s BCA methodology prior to
scheduled implementation and are considered in the final prioritization of strategies/projects.
Those which do not receive a benefit-cost ratio of at least a one will not be considered for
FEMA funding
SEPA, Historic Preservation Act, and benefit to cost requirements and guidance will be met
by the participating agencies.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
III. RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk Assessment Overview
In order to identify, plan for and respond to any hazard in a community, a risk assessment can
provide information on the types of hazards, the location of hazards, the value of existing land and
property in hazard locations, and an analysis of risk to life, property, and the environment that may
result from any hazardous event. Specifically, the three levels of a risk assessment are as follows:
1.Profiling Hazard Events – describes the causes and characteristics of each hazard, how it
has affected Kitsap County in the past (disaster history), and how the community’s
population, infrastructure and environment has been impacted by the hazard.
2.Vulnerability Assessment– explains those factors that make the hazard a threat to the
community or increase the threat and define those areas most susceptible to the threat.
3.Probability of Occurrence: – An adjective description (High, Medium, or Low) of the
probability of a hazard impactsKitsap County within the next 25 years.
High –
There is great likelihood that a hazardous event will occur within the next 25
years.
Medium –
There is moderate likelihood that a hazardous event will occur within the
next 25 years.
Low –
There is little likelihood that a hazardous event will occur within the next 25
years.
The Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Planning Committee lead by the Department of Emergency
Management, reviewed the Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment (HIVA) to determine
the hazards that most likely would impact Kitsap County and, based on the disaster history of Kitsap
County and its cities, determined the need to address those hazards identified in Table 2.1 Kitsap
County Emergency Disaster History.The HIVA was revised in 2008 and included the integration of
Terrorism into the assessment.
Section Three provides individual hazards information for Kitsap including assessments and
strategies. In order to properly frames risk assessment, the following paragraphs define the elements
of assessment;history of disasters, geographical/topographic information, and community profile.
History of Disasters in Kitsap County
The frequency of historicevents determinesthe prioritization of the mitigation strategies and
recommendations. Table 2.1 shows the history of emergencies/disasters in Kitsap County. Some
general conclusions can be made from Kitsap’s disaster history.
Since1962, earthquakes have the most effect on the entire countyrelative to costs and
community disruptions. Earthquakes are also the most costlyof events in Kitsap.
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Winter storm events represent 77% of the historical declaration at the local level. Some
significant events have occurred, but in most cases probably did not affect disruptions in the
entire county or cause significant damages.
Mt. St. Helens catastrophic event in 1980 is listed although Kitsap was not significantly
affectedby the event or part of the Presidential Declaration. It is a reminder, like the events
of 9/11, that national catastrophic events can affect regional jurisdictions. For example,A Mt.
Rainer eruption would certainly have an effect on Kitsap County as would a radiological event
in Kitsap, effect the surrounding Puget Sound Region.In the case of avolcano, prevailing
winds to the northeast would send ashto eastern Washington State Counties and have
minor hazardous affects on Kitsap.
From an historical prospective, mitigation planning should concentrate its efforts by reducing
the effects of winter storms, flooding and earthquakes, the priorities listed in the Hazard
Identification and Vulnerability Assessment 2008.
Additional information on the history of disasters can be found in Section Three. Although over time,
projects to mitigate winter storm events had a significant impact on future damages from storms and
improve the quality of life in Kitsap. Historically, winter storms and their impact are more predictable;
therefore, the cause, effect and mitigation can be quantified and therefore justified for improvements.
As such, in the last 10 years, the numbers of declarationshavedeclined due to these minor
mitigation efforts to control flooding, run off, and other issues caused by winter storms.
Exhibit 2.1: Washington Disasters by County as of October 2012 courtesy FEMA Region 10
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 2.1 – Kitsap County Emergency/Disaster History
Date of IncidentTypeDeclaredComments
December 2008Severe Winter ShelterLocalSevere cold weather.
No assistance
Requested
December 2007Severe Winter StormLocal, State, Federal
State: $20 million
Local: $1.5 million
December 2006Severe StormLocalLocal PA Threshold
not met
January 2006Severe StormLocalLocal PA Threshold
not met
December 2005Severe Winter StormLocal, State, Federal
Local PA Threshold
not met
October 2003Severe Winter StormLocal, State, Federal
Local PA Threshold
not met: IA Paid out.
January 2003FloodingLocal, State, Federal
Local PA Threshold
not met
January 2002FloodingLocal, StatePresidential
Declarationdenied
September 20019/11 Attack on U.S.Local, StateIn response to event.
No assistance paid
February 2001Earthquake –NisquallyLocal, State, Federal
State $2.0 Billion
Local: $1.5 Public
and $900k private
March 1997FloodingLocal, State, Federal
Local PA Threshold
not met. IA received
December 1996Severe StormLocal, State, Federal
Total PA:$20 Million
Local: $1.6 Million
April 1996MudslideLocalLocal Declaration;
No assistance
provided
February 1996FloodingLocal, State, Federal
Received PA. No IA
received
November 1995Severe Storm –Local, State, Federal
Local PA Threshold
Wind/flooding
not met
December 1994FloodingLocalLocal Declaration; no
assistance provided
January 1993Wind StormLocal, State, Federal
No record on file*
January 1992Severe StormNo declarationNorecord on file
December 1990Severe StormLocal, State, Federal
State: $785k
December 1986Severe StormLocal, State, Federal
No record on file
May 1980Mt. St. Helens, volcanoState, FederalNo assistance
received
January 1974Severe StormLocal, State, Federal
No record on file
May 1965EarthquakeLocal, State, Federal
No record on file
October 1962Severe Storm –WindLocal, State, Federal
No record on file
PA=Public Assistance IA=Individual/Household Assistance
*No records maintained on event
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Kitsap County Profile
Although thereis much information available on Kitsap County, the below information represents that
which is pertinent to mitigation planning. Additional information can be found on the Washington
State and Kitsap County websites.
General Information
Geographical Location
: Kitsap County, Washington, is located between the Hood Canal
and the west side of Puget Sound near the center of the Puget Lowlands Physiographic
Province. The County occupies lowlands in the shadow of the Olympic Mountains.
Area:
394.94 Square Miles
Population Density:
642 per square mile
Assessed Value:
$28,439,419
Population:2010No. of Households
Unincorporated Kitsap County 171,395 64,657
City of Bremerton 37,729 14,932
City of Bainbridge Island 22,020 9,470
City of Poulsbo 9,200 3,883
City of Port Orchard 11,144 4,278
Total Kitsap County: 253,900 97,220
(2010 Federal Census)
Functional and Vulnerable Populations
Kitsap’s Functional needs populations are outlined in Exhibit2.2. The numbers are
consistent with State averages.
Business/Industry
: Approximately 50% or slightly less of the population is employed by the
following businesses and industry: fishing, construction, manufacturing, tourism, forestry,
healthcare, transportation, public utilities, wholesale, retail, financial, insurance, real estate
and services.
Military Community:
Approximately 40,000 personnel serve the military installations either
as federal service employees or military members. Five installationsare located in Kitsap
Countyand are a critical factor in the County’s economic balance.
Government Employment:
Over half of the working inhabitants are employed by Federal,
State, County or municipal government agencies.
County 2094
State 1740
Federal 40,018
School Districts 4105
Kitsap Transit 411
Kitsap Public Health 144
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Kitsap Regional Library 200
(2010 Estimates)
School Districts and Attendance
School District Students
Bainbridge Island 4,023
Bremerton 5,500
Central Kitsap 12,174
North Kitsap 6,700
Olympic College 12,000
South Kitsap 10,500
Total Students 50,897
Indian Nations
Port Gamble S’Klallam 1,131
Suquamish 950
Structure of Governments
Kitsap County: operates with 3 commissioners and the following elected officials: Sheriff,
Prosecutor, Coroner, County Clerk, Auditor, and Treasurer.
Cities of Bremerton, Poulsbo, and Port Orchard operate with an elected Mayor and City
Council members. City of Bainbridge Island operate with a Mayor Pro Tem which rotates
among elected City Council members annually. Each city has a City Manager for day-to-day
operations.
The Port Gamble S’Klallam and Suquamish Tribes have a Tribal Council who oversee their
tribal nations.Each has a Tribal Executive Director.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit 2.2. Kitsap County’s Vulnerable Population Estimates 2012
Kitsap County Infrastructure
City/County Public Buildings
The combined City/County public buildings are approximately 2500 units. There are pre-
earthquake building code structures, although both the four cities of Kitsap and the County
enjoyed a building boom during the last decade which included new County Administration
Building and 4 new city halls. Most other critical facilities are relatively new except for older
structures used by the fire districts or Non-Governmental Organizations serving Kitsap
County. The Kitsap County House Authority did not participate in this planning process; most
of theirbuilding are of wood stock with minor exceptions and were not damaged during the
Nisqually earthquake.
Residential Structures
The vast majority of residential structures in the County are constructed of wood stock. A
percentage of the over 100,000 residential structures have not been retrofitted to earthquake
mitigation standards, but Kitsap CountyDEM provides programs to instruct building
contractors and residence on how to “brace and bolt” older structures. The table below
provides the number of housing units in Kitsap as of 2008.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 2.2: Kitsap Housing History by Housing Type
.
Kitsap County Consolidated Plan 2011-15. Kitsap County Community Development Block Grant
Transportation, Communications, and Utilities
Transportation, communications,and utilities are vulnerable to hazardous events.
Transportation corridorsare vital to the movement of citizens and the economy as well as
electrical and natural gas grids providing energy in the county.
Transportation is provided through state and county roads, but limited by the geographical
features of Kitsap sounded by water making it a peninsula and subject to expansive ferry
systems and bridges. Table 2.4 shows some of the transportation links in Kitsap County.
There is no major rail servicein the County with some track provided to Naval Installations.
Kitsap County enjoys all of the communications afforded major Puget Sound cities. These
networks are available to its citizens as well as high speed internet and cable TV services.
Kitsap County did build a new 911 Center in 2004previously noted as a County mitigation
strategy. As part of the strategy, seismic isolation systems wereinstalled to provide better
protectionof the County and 911 communication network.
Puget Sound Energy (PSE) provides essential electrical power to most residential and
commercial facilities in the County. This combination of pole and underground service has
been mitigated over the years for winter storm outages and improved structural integrity.
Although gas lines, public utility and sewer systems are underground and can be vulnerable
to earthquakes and moving earth.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Typesof TransportationLinkComments
AirBremerton AirportLimited commercial service
HighwaysMajor routes SR 3, 14, 104No federal highways in Kitsap
BridgesTacoma Narrows BridgeVital links to adjourning
Hood Canal BridgeCounties
TransitKitsap Transit Access and Vital service to military
regular serviceinstallations and ferry docks
RailPuget Sound Pacific RailroadService from Mason County to
Military installations
FerriesKitsap Transit Inter-harborService to Bremerton/Port
serviceOrchard and
Bremerton/Annapolis
WA State FerriesService from Bremerton, Service to Edmonds, Seattle
Bainbridge Island, Kingston, and King County
and Southworth
Table 2.3Transportation Links in Kitsap County
Geographical/Topographical Description of Kitsap County
Geographical Location
: Kitsap County, Washington, is located between the Hood Canal
and the west side of Puget Sound near the center of the Puget Lowlands Physiographic
Province. The County occupies lowlands in the shadow of the Olympic Mountains.
Weather Conditions
: Kitsap County has a moderate climate with an average annual
temperature of 51.3 degrees F:
Average rainfall is 34 - 42 inches
Average low temperature in January is 33.6 degrees F
Average high temperature in July is 74.8 degrees F
Topography:
The Kitsap Peninsula area is geologically the remnant of a glacial drift plain. The peninsula
is deeply dissected by inlets, giving the County roughly 33 miles of freshwater waterfront, and
210 miles of salt-water coastline (see Appendix D – Kitsap County Hazard Identification and
Vulnerability Analysis – HIVA). Landslide and marine bluff failures are relatively common in
the low hills on the perimeter of Puget Sound, particularly in unsheltered bluff areas subjected
to wave cutting (Young et al, 1993).
Four main geologic units have been identified in the subsurface: fill, younger alluvium
including beach deposits, alluvium associated with the Vashon Glacier, and basaltic bedrock.
Low areas have filled with peat and very loose soils over time, and may have been artificially
filled during previous development. (Dames & Moore 1997)
Creeks and Freshwater Ways
Although Kitsap County has the propensity to flood, it does not have any rivers. It does
have 39 known creeks which can swell from significant rainfall and flood down stream
structures. Creeks are identified in Table2.4. Kitsap County and its cities have been
proactive in managing runoff and reducing the impacts of low area flooding during
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
significant rainfall events. Mitigation efforts have reduced common flooding areas in
cities through innovative means to manage rainfall such as improved stormwater
systems.
Saltwater Landmarks (210 Miles of saltwater shoreline):
Admiralty Bay, Dyes Inlet,
.
Sinclair Inlet, Port Washington Narrows, Liberty Bay, Miller Bay and Hood CanalExhibit
2.4 shows those areas that are affected by boat wakes, low lying flooding from high
tides, or potential tsunamis and define as part of FEMA’s Flood map and the National
Flood Insurance Program.
Landslides
Landslide and marine bluff failures are common on low hills an on the perimeter of Puget
Sound. Kitsap has a history of fatal landslides as noted in the Kitsap Events History
segment. Significant rainfall and ground saturation affect these areas. Exhibit 2.5 show
those areas in Kitsap defined as geological critical areas with soft soil with a greater risk
of shaking duringearthquakes.
Lakes
Kitsap County has several lakes feed by the numerous creeks and streams in the
County. Some lakes have dams to manage lake water levels and protect waterfront
residence. The Casad Watershed provides drinking water to the residence of
Bremerton. Others provide recreational fishing and boating and managed by residence
or County/City Governments.Exhibit 2.3 is a visual map of lakes and streams in Kitsap
County.
Exhibit 2.3 Lakes and Streams inKitsap County, Wa.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 2.4: Creeks and Fresh Water Ways in Kitsap County
City of BremertonCentral Kitsap County
Wildcat CreekBarker Creek
East Fork Union RiverBig Anderson Creek
Big Beef Creek
North Kitsap County
Boyce Creek
Bjorgen Creek
Chico Creek
Buck Lake Outlet
Clear Creek
Carpenter Lake Outlet
Kitsap Creek
Cowling Creek
Little Anderson Creek
Dogfish Creek
Little Beef Creek
Do-Kag-Wats Estuary
Lost Creek
Finland Creek
Mosher Creek
Gamble Creek
Seabeck Creek
Grover’s Creek
Stavis Creek
Indianola Creek
Strawberry Creek
Johnson Creek
Steele Creek
Jump Off Joe Creek
South Kitsap County
Kinman Creek
Annapolis Creek
Kitsap Creek
Anderson Creek
Manzanita Creek
Beaver Creek
Port Madison Creek
Blackjack Creek
Sam Snyder Creek
Burley Creek
Scandia Creek
Curley Creek
Scenic Creek
Gorst Creek
Silver Creek
Karcher Creek
Snyder Creek
Olalla Creek
Thompson/Klebal Creek
Ross Creek
Salmonberry Creek
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit 2.4 FEMA’s Flood Hazard Zones and Floodways Kitsap County 2007
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit 2.5 Geologically Hazardous Areas Map for Kitsap County
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Earthquake Country
Kitsap County and its Cities are vulnerable to earthquakes. There is a history of earthquakes as
noted in Section Three. The Nisqually earthquake of 2001 was the last one to create any significant
damage to Kitsap and the Puget Sound Region. Kitsap is vulnerable to subduction as well as
fracture faults. The Puget Sound region is entirely within Seismic Risk Zone 3, requiring that
buildings be designed to withstand major earthquakes measuring 7.5 in magnitude. It is anticipated,
however, that earthquakes caused from subduction plate stress can reach a magnitude greater than
8.0.
Exhibits 2.6 and 2.7 show the earthquake sources for Kitsap County. Like other counties, Kitsap take
advantage of various available technologies to assess the likelihood and effect of earthquakes in the
region. Such technology includes GIS mapping, HAZUS, and evaluation of LIDAR and USGS
studies about the County. As noted in exhibits through such maps exhibit potential risky areas
associated with earthquake unfriendly soil types, liquefaction and other areas deemed critical and
have a higher risk to earthquakes. Refer to Exhibit 2.8 and 2.9on Liquefaction and Soft Soil areas in
Kitsap County.
New programs available from the USGS, for example, the Washington State Earthquake Scenario
Catalog, provide a variety of HAZUS modeling studies on different faults. These studies provide
valuable insight into vulnerability and exposure modeling of earthquakes that can be used in
mitigation planning and as a training and exercise tools.
LIDAR or LIght, Detection And Ranging, provides essential information about Kitsap County land
mass and the geological history.LIDAR is a remote-sensing technology for measuring the shape
and elevation of the earth's surface using a laser beam emitted and read from an airplane.The
LIDAR project gives local governments and the USGS earthquake-related information about the
Seattle fault plus locates streams, slopes, flood planes, and landslide hazards.An example of LIDAR
mapping is provided in Exhibit 2.10
The aforementioned technology provides us with historical and geological information for land use
and in defining mitigation projects in the county. More information regarding earthquake strategies
and recommendations is provided in Section Three.All of these technologies are available to
mitigation planners throughout Kitsap County.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit 2.6 Cascadia
Subduction Earthquake
Sources
Exhibit 2.7Major Fault
Zones in the Puget Sound
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit 2.8 Liquefaction Areas in Kitsap County
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit 2.9 Soft Soil Classifications in Kitsap County
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit 2.10 Example of LIDAR Mapping of Kitsap County
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
IV. ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES AND CONCLUSIONS
County Wide Mitigation Strategies
The county wide strategies proposed in this sectionwill require continuous coordination and
collaboration among this plan’s existing partners and future partners over the next five years and
beyond to attain successful implementation. Each individual jurisdiction’s adopted mitigation
strategiesare located in Table 2.5to this section.
Prioritization
The county wide mitigation strategies were prioritized by the Mitigation committee at the
recommendation of the organization/jurisdiction mitigation planner. Committee members
utilized this plan and the goals and objectives listed in this section to define priorities in the County.In
the table, we identifiedonly those hazards that rank highest in probability of occurrence for
participating organizations.Table 2.4 shows each organization, mitigation goal and strategy,
implementation timeline and estimated costs for project completion.
Strategies are classified as either Priority One which are recommended for funding and
implementation or Priority Two which are suited to serve the community’s needs and may be
considered in the future should the opportunity arise and funding become available.
Detailed benefit-cost analysis’ are conducted using FEMA’s BCA methodology prior to scheduled
implementation and are considered in the final prioritization of strategies/projects. Those which do not
receivea benefit-cost ratio of at least a one will not be considered for FEMA funding
Ongoing Mitigation Initiatives
Ongoing Mitigation Initiatives consist of actions that require ongoing attention and mitigation efforts
are consistent with routine organizational operations. For example, managing forested areas that
may affect agency response efforts during an emergency or developing road culverts that mitigate
storm runoff. Mitigation planning is not just about long term projects, but also about routine
assessment of land use development, ongoing mitigation maintenance, and long-term solutions.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Summary
In this section, we have identified the process of mitigation planning by discussing the role of
planners, the use of risk assessments and the development of mitigation strategies. The strategies
defined in this plan are those that involve structural projects and initiatives to abate long-term risks to
citizens or property and involve funding to complete the projects. Although, not mentioned in this
section is the ongoing programs or advancements to eliminate or reduce the long term risk from
identified hazards. Such programs include:
Kitsap “Bolt and Brace” program to train contractors and citizens to retrofit older residences.
Kitsap Prepares Responsibly for Emergencies” Program KPREP, programs designed to train
schools, business, non-profit organizations, and citizens, to mitigation, prepare for, respond,
and recover from disasters, specifically earthquakes.
Kitsap Pre/Post Evaluation of Building Effected by Seismic Events training; teaching building
evaluations for potential retrofitting and mitigateseffects on earthquakes.
Kitsap ongoing and robust training and exercise program. Priority One in preparing first
responders and citizens in all-hazards disaster response and recovery.
Implementing advances in technology to improve communication and warning systems,
conduct damage assessments, and analyze results. Kitsap’s Damage Assessment software
program integrates County files (i.e. property assessments), GIS, and collection coordination
to bring in information regarding public and private damage and provide information and
mapping tools to assess citizen safety and structural damage throughout the County. This
information becomes vital to understanding at risk areas in the county and adds to our
mitigation planning efforts.
These are but a few examples of the ongoing Mitigation programs in Kitsap County. Successful
mitigation programs like those mentioned above, or others like stormwater initiatives have reduced
the risks to citizens and properties. Obviously, although risk assessment tellsus what we need to
mitigate, it does not predict the size and complexity of the next catastrophic event in Kitsap. As such,
mitigation planning will continue to improve our position to reduce risk and take the burden off first
responders and the potential loss to businesses and governments.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
SECTION THREE: Strategies &
Recommendations - PRIORITY ONE
INTRODUCTION
In this section, hazard is identified, defined and assessed in terms of vulnerability. From this
analysis, the mitigation planners draw conclusions and define mitigation strategies.
Each section notes lead agencies who lead the analysis and defined the mitigation strategies for
effected jurisdictions. In each Category (CAT) strategies are prioritized based on vulnerability,
risk, and costs. Documentation and references are defined in each category. The following
categories consistent with those in the Kitsap County’s Hazard Identification and Vulnerability
Assessment 2008 and Strategies are outlined in this section:
CAT I: Flooding CAT II: Severe Storms
CAT III: Land Shift CAT IV: Earthquake
CAT V: Drought CAT VI: Tsunami
CAT VII: Terrorism and Civil Disorders CAT VIII: Multi-Hazard Mitigation
CAT IX: Multi-Hazard Public Education CAT X: Fire
CAT IV has been revised to include a discussion on volcano eruptions
2010Update
This section has been reformatted to include the removal of “Emergencies and Disaster” tables
from each Category. One single list is provided at the end of the section as:
Addendum I:
Declared Emergencies and Disasters in Kitsap County 1995 through 2010
Re-formattingalso added building stock information for jurisdictions only. This does not include
information on the types and number of future building stock affected by hazards. This data will
beanalyzed and provide in the next available update to this plan.
Regardless, changes to local ordinances reflect land use provisions for building in flood prone
areas.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAT I: FLOOD MITIGATION STRATEGIES
LEAD AGENCIES
City/County Public Works Departments
City/County Community Development/Building Departments
SUPPORT AGENCIES
City/County/Regional Organizations
Tribal Nations
Conservation District
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management (Public Education/Recovery)
HAZARD
Flooding is the most common hazard occurring in Kitsap County. It affects all of Kitsap County.
Heavy, prolonged rain in the fall, winter, or spring months often results in saturated ground and
high stream flows. Due to ground saturation, Kitsap County businesses and homes located in
low-lying areas may flood during prolonged periods of rain. Wind-driven tidal flooding is also
possible along the inland waters. Flooding is due to runoff, ground saturation, or tidal flooding.
Structures located within floodplain areas also are susceptible to frequent flooding.
EFFECTS
Floods may result in loss of life as well as damage to residences, business establishments,
public buildings, roads and bridges, utilities, agricultural land, fish and shellfish habitats, stream
banks and flood control structures.
HISTORY
Kitsap County issued disaster or emergency declarations for flooding in 1990, 1994, 1995,
1996, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2006 and 2007. Historically, flooding occurs to some extent in Kitsap
County every year, especially in floodplain zones of streams. Hood Canal and Puget Sound
beaches are often affected by flood tides compounded by heavy rainfall and high tides.
Addendum I contains a list of Emergencies/Disasters in Kitsap County. Flooding events are
noted.
VULNERABILITY
Kitsap County will always be vulnerable to flooding in both urban and rural areas. In urban
areas flooding is primarily a product of growth and the impacton watersheds and rural areas
due to nature.Watersheds are illustrated in Appendix C, Map 2. As shown in Appendix CMap
3, Kitsap has numerous large creeks and lakes throughout the county. A County that
experiences significant daily rainfall heavily influence by Olympic convergence zones can
experience rapid flooding from creeks and streams into urban areas.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CONCLUSIONS
Mitigation involves flood plainplanning and management coordinated by local, state, and
federal agencies. Building codes and regulations applied to structures aid in mitigation.
Residents should have access to information on flood insurance. Where building has already
occurred on flood plains, emergency preparedness in the form of sandbags, building materials,
3-day evacuation kits and alternate shelter should be part of each resident's preparation for
possible flooding.
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
High –
More than any other natural hazard, flooding represents the single biggest repetitive
event thathas a damaging affect toKitsap County property and resources. Looking back over a
twenty-year period, Kitsap County has flooded (Presidentially declared disaster) at least five
times with no major river causing the flooding. Kitsap County is vulnerable to urban stream
flooding and localized flooding due to drainage system overload during especially large or
intense storm events. This will continue to occur until more effective flood mitigation strategies
can be developed and implemented for urbanized areas that are subject to inundation by
floodwater. Engineering and mitigation will have a measure of success but it is expected that
flooding will always occur during extreme storm events.
NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM (NFIP)
Kitsap County and its four cities participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
Each community entered into the Program at various times. Below is a brief history of Kitsap
County’s participation in the NFIP. Please note there are no repetitive losses in this plan!
Kitsap County
In 1978 unincorporated Kitsap County entered the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
The most recent review of Kitsap County’s participation in the NFIP was conductedin February,
2010. The review, called a Community Assistance Visit (CAV), found that the discrepancies
identified in the previous CAV (2002) had resulted in amendments to Kitsap County Code Title
15 (Flood Ordinance). These amendments resulted in improved processes for development in
flood prone zones, enhanced GIS map layering to identify flood hazard areas and permit
tracking processes for flood hazard area development. The Kitsap County Board of
Commissioners approved these amendments in KCC Title 15; the most recent amendment
approval process was February, 2010.
City of Bainbridge Island
The City of Winslow entered the Emergency Program on August 14, 1975 then converted to the
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) effective February 5, 1986. TheIsland was
incorporated in 1991, and became the City of Bainbridge Island with a NFIP Effective Date of
March 1, 1991. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in
2004. During this Community Assistance Visit (CAV) thesummarized findings from the CAV
included the need for an amendment to the City’s flood chapter 15.16, preparation of
procedures to implement Chapter 15.16, and additional information on eleven specific cases
that were cited in their field work. As of February 2005, all these items were cleared and our
CAV was closed.
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City of Bremerton
The City of Bremerton entered the National Flood Insurance Program on May 27, 1975. The
most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted July 23, 2008. During
the visit,the City issued 2 permits that were properly conditioned for the flood elevation
certificates; however the final Elevation Certificate was inadvertently missed. The corrective
action taken by the city was to modify the permitting system computer software to more
definitively request flood zone information at the time of initial application for a building permit
and at construction inspection stages including prior to framing and prior to release of final
inspection certification.
As most communities in Kitsap County, after the last major flood, 2007, we reviewed our
flooding issues and once again determined we have no repetitive loss areas in the City of
Bremerton. The City of Bremerton has amended their processes as recently asAugust, 2007
resulting in a successful CAV in July, 2008.
City of Port Orchard
The City of Port Orchard entered the National Flood Insurance Program in 1978. The most
recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in 2005. During this
Community Assistance Visit (CVA) the summarized findings from the CAV, included the need
for an amendment to the City’s flood chapter 15.38, preparation of procedures to implement
Chapter 15.38, and additional information on three specific cases that were cited in their field
work.
On September 16, 2005 the Floodplain Management Specialist responded to the City’s
transmittal of information by approving Ordinance No. 016-05 bringing the city into full
compliance with Federal and State floodplain management requirements.
The City provided the Floodplain Management Specialist with additional information on the 3
specific cases sited during their visit which cleared all of the findings and closed the CAV for
Port Orchard. Their conclusion was that the City is effectively regulating development in the
City’s flood hazard areas and they would notify FEMA of this certification.
City of Poulsbo
The City of Poulsbo entered into the National Flood Insurance Program in 1979. The most
recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in 2005. During this
Community Assistance Visit (CVA) the reviewers identified one deficiency which was related to
city code. Code changes were made (adopted, closing the CAV, in late 2005).
2010 Update: NFIP
In recent years, NFIP Flood Insurance Rates Maps (FIRM) hasbeen revised. Some zones
changed mostly reflecting coastlines changes based on better data and evaluation of such
issues as wake and tidal issues. Changes are not significant, although, have increased the
need for some homeowners to file for flood insurance under NFIP.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-4
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Community Rating System
The Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary program for National Flood Insurance
Program communities with the intentto reduce flood damages to insurable property, strengthen
strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the NFIP, and encourage a comprehensive
approach to floodplain management. It provides incentive for premium discounts for
communities that go beyond the minimum and impose extra measures to provide protection
from flooding.
Kitsap County is currently not eligible and has not met the full compliance with the NFIP. As
such, a new flood mitigation strategy has been added to become a NFIP eligible CRS
Community within the next five years. The older strategies listed below;include the CRS Grant
Credit Series in meeting the eligibility requirement (Community Rating System; Alocal Officials
Guide to Saving Lives, Preventing Property Damage, and Reducing the Cost of Flood
Insurance, FEMA 573 Publication). These activities can directly benefit insurance agents writing
insurance policies.A number of the CRS activities have been met by Kitsap County such as
outreach projects, Map Information Service, higher regulatory standards, and stormwater
management, to name a few. Although, there has not been a coordinated strategy to implement
a CRS program in Kitsap.
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Develop a strategy to implement a flood control and riparian zone management process
that ensures coordination of the municipalities with regard to storm water management
standards, zoning requirements and building codes. The necessary steps to implement
this strategy are:
Review and compare existing flood control standards, zoning and building
requirements and determine minimum acceptable standards for all municipalities.
Develop inter-jurisdictional mechanisms to ensure that the municipalities are
aware of each other's flood prone areas and properly assign conditions of
approval to projects that may affect them.
Tie this strategy into the implementation of a community-wide Geographic
Information System (GIS).
Local funding resources are recommended for potential budget availability.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
Estimated cost $175,000 to develop strategy, review and adopt
standards, and set up Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs). Implementation costs,
as part of a regional GIS system would be estimated separately.
Lead:
Port Orchard
Delayed:
Has not started due to lack of funding
2. Convene an annual meeting of interested parties to discuss Local, State and Federal
regulatory requirements related to maintenance activities in flood-prone areas.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-5
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
The purpose of this meeting would be to exchange information, coordinate future
projects, and examine community-wide effects on flood prone areas.
This project could be used to assist in the identification of areas of influence that
effect critical risk areas.
Local unidentified funds would be the primary resource with some potential
support from State and Federal Agencies.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years (Flooding andflood mitigation are discussed
annually with a community based meeting usually held in October by Kitsap County
Departmentof Emergency Management).
Implementation Cost:
$7,500 annually
3.Develop and implement project proposals to reduce flooding and improve control of
runoff within and upstream of flood-prone areas. This may include High Flow Bypass
construction in intensely developed areas and buy out programs in frequently flooded
areas.
It is recommended that City/County Public Works Departments pursue Federal
and State grant funds to implement this strategy. Additionally local matching and
operational funds would need to be budgeted to implement theprogram.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
$150,000 annually to develop proposals. At this cost estimate
the project would be addressed only as a study for implementation. Estimated
$5,000,000 including selected construction and buyout costs. Delayed funding not
available.
4.Identify high-risk areas on Geographic Information System (GIS). Update Local storm
water system plans and improve storm water facilities in high-risk areas.
Identify flood and drainage problems on public roads.
The lead agency would be the appropriate Public Works Departments.
Local funds and potential private sector funding with possible State or Federal
grant funding would be needed to implement the program.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years and incorporate as ongoing
Implementation Costs:
$65,000 annually
2010 Update: Delayed, funding not available.
Note
: It is recommended this $65,000 annual budget be contributed towards an
enhanced GIS system. Costs associated with updating individual projects, community
plans and facilities are dependent on identification of criteria and number of projects.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-6
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
5.Identify, update, and maintain an inventory of privately owned and operated stormwater
facilities that contribute runoff to flood-prone areas. Develop and implement guidelines
to assess the flood risk and system effectiveness for the individual systems.
Identify significant un-mitigated man made runoff generating activities or land
uses that may be a contributing cause to public flooding. This project would be
undertaken in order to expedite flood risk identification and propose specific area
problem resolution.
Local funding would need to be identified to implement this strategy and
consideration is recommended for potential Federal Grant Application funds.
This could encompass retrofitting or construction of flood control facilities.
Implementation Time:
The Project carries a 1 to 3 year priority rating; however, the
actual work would be ongoing through an estimated 9 years.
Note:
It is recommended that the project include a study of drainage areas including the
study of selected drainage areas for potential mitigation opportunities.
Estimated Cost of the Initial Study: $75,000
Implementation Cost:
An estimated budget of $550,000 annually would be needed for
systems identification, mapping, inspection, update of inventory and assessment of
effectiveness and risk.
2010 Update: Delayed funding not available.
6.Identify locations where flooding has occurred on a repeated basis and conduct a cost
benefit analysis to determine if a flood buyout option would be cost effective.
Local funding for the cost benefit analysis would be needed for this process.
If deemed cost effective Federal Grant Application funds would be sought.
Implementation Time:
This Project carries a 1 to 3 year priority rating; however, the
project would best work on an ongoing basis through tracking and identification of repeat
flooding properties.
Estimated Cost of the Initial Cost Benefit Analysis: $50,000.00
7. Kitsap County Public Works has culverts in areas that are failing, undersized for fish
passage and have flooding concerns for downstream areas. Replacement funding for
these locations is non-existent. These culverts are not listed in the current 6-year
Transportation Improvement Program and are not funded. Kitsap County Public Works
is the lead agency for implementation of this strategy and will be coordinated with Kitsap
County Department of Community Development, the Department of Emergency
Management and Washington State Department of Fish & Wildlife.
Implementation Time:
1 to 6 years
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-7
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Implementation Costs:
The costs will be determined at the design phase of the culvert
upgrade.
A special resource to be considered for implementation of this strategy would be to
request grant funding for design and culvert upgrade projects.
Implementation Cost:
Estimates for culvert replacement is $750,000.00. This would
replace up to 5 of the failing culverts.
Prioritized Locations for Implementation
:
1.On Stottlemeyer Road NE in Poulsbo there is a failing 24” culvert that needs
immediate replacement.
2.North Mission Road NW in Seabeck Holly has a failing 24” culvert that has a rusted
invert and a significant belly.
3.Seabeck Holly Rd. NW there is two failing culverts. One of the culverts is an 18” the
other is a 36” and both pipes have rust holes and need replaced.
4.There are two culverts on NW Newberry Hill Rd. These culverts are 36” and have
significant bellies and rust.
5.There is a concrete culvert in the holly area that is undersized for fish passage. This
culvert carries high sediment loads and needs to be improved.
Projected Benefits:
There would be less of a risk of road failure and environmental
degradation to the downstream environments of these watercourses. Fish passage
would be achieved and less flooding would occur to Kitsap County infrastructure.
2010 - Project delayed due to lack of funding!
8.EvaluateCity/County eligibility for the NFIP Community Rating System for improved
flood plain management and NFIP eligible insurance premium discounts. Develop and
implement a plan to meet the compliancewith the NFIP and manage CRS activities for
credit under the program.
Develop data to support CRS criteria for discount points.
Determine costs associated with CRS implementation and long-term
maintenance
Develop a plan to meet eligibility requirements over a 5 year period.
Institute the program through City and County zoning ordinances.
Implementation Time:
The Project carries a 1 to 3 year priority rating; however, the
actual work would be ongoing through an estimated 9 years.
Note:
It is recommended that the project include a study of drainage areas including the
study of selected drainage areas for potential mitigation opportunities.
Estimated Cost of the Initial Study: $100,000
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-8
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Implementation Cost:
An initial estimated costof $50,000 would be needed to conduct
analysis of existing FIRM data and initial eligibility. Currently there is no budget for this
project. Additional cost analysis and feasibility study to further define the project’s
future.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-9
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
JurisdictionTotal Population in % Population Affected
PopulationHazard AreaBy Hazard
Unincorporated 100
164,595164,595
Kitsap County
Bainbridge Island 100
22,01022,010
Bremerton 100
37,72937,729
Port Orchard 100
11,14411,144
Poulsbo 100
9,2009,200
Port Madison 100
56005600
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble 100
12001200
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals258,278258,278100%
Table I-1: Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Flooding in Kitsap County 2012
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
JurisdictionTotal Building % Building Total Total % Critical
Building Stock in Stock in Critical Critical Facilities in
StockHazard Hazard Area Facilities Facilities in Hazard Area
AreaJurisdictionHazard AreaJurisdiction
Unincorporated
87,98587,985100249249100
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
12,63912,6391008383100
Island
Bremerton
13,68313,6831006464100
Port Orchard
6,7086,7081003939100
Poulsbo
3,5163,5161006666100
Port Madison
4,5794,57910077100
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble 270270100 55100
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals (Kitsap)
129,380129,380100%513513100%
Table I-2: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by Flooding
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
*Further changes to this document will include tables on housing stock age and stock directly in
the FEMA identified flood areas. Additional data will also include that stock in Special Flood
Hazard Area (SFHA) where the elevation difference used for rating is at least 1 foot or more
below the base flood elevation (BFE).
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-10
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit I-1: FEMA Flood Zones 2007
Kitsap County GIS Mapping
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-11
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2012Update: FEMA Coastal Study 2011
In April 2011, FEMA, Washington State, representatives from Kitsap County and its Cities, and
Tribal representatives met to discuss a five year collaboration and plan to assess and map flood
risks associated with the coastal area of Kitsap County. This collaboration is designed to work
together on Risk Mapping, Assessment, and planning to help communities and the Tribes in
hazard mitigation planning, and make informed decisions to improve resilience to natural
hazards and raise awareness about local risks to hazard and take more informed actions to
reduce these risks
Over the next 5 years, FEMA will conduct flood study reviews to better identify flood hazards,
provide local floodplain management regulatory data, support the National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP), and provide risk assessments and mitigation support and planning technical
assistance. A number of meetings will be scheduled to discuss flood studies, resilience, and
meetings with the public on flood insurance studies.
As part of this project, FEMA will support a detailed coastal floodhazard analysis including the
collection of storm surge and overland wave height analysis, as well as floodplain boundaries
for 100 and 500 year floods. These studies will help to redefine flood insurance information and
FIRM or Flood Insurance rate Map.As a mitigation tool, the activities will provide technical
assistance, incentive risk reduction activities at the local level, and help to monitor local
mitigation efforts. In essence, the program will help to better identify risks and vulnerabilities
associated with floods, evaluate areas of high mitigation value, and develop long term strategies
for protecting people and property from future floods. The next few slides from FEMA RiskMap
meeting will provide an overview of the project.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-12
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Project Scope:
Flood Risk Products. A culmination of numerous data set
Benefits
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-13
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Areas of Mitigation Interest
Flood Risk Reporting
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-14
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
All Slides courtesy of FEMA RiskMAP April 2011
This study should greatly enhance the ability of County planners to managefloodplains and
coastal areas and improve future mitigation projects in Kitsap County. As a response tool,
these studies will us prepare for potential flooding events in vulnerable areas. This project is
scheduled for completion in 2015.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-15
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-16
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAT II: SEVERE STORMS MITIGATION STRATEGIES
LEAD AGENCIES
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
Water Purveyor Association of Kitsap (Water PAK)
SUPPORT AGENCIES
City/County/Regional Organizations
Tribal Nations
HAZARD
Although Kitsap County has a moderate marine climate, storm activity involving rain, wind, snow
and ice does affect the County. Storms have caused major damage to portions of Kitsap
County. Lightning storms and hailstorms are less frequent but do occur. There is a remote
possibility ofa tornado causing destruction in the County.
EFFECTS
High winds have caused extensive damage through the County in past years. The main effects
of local storms include disruption of electrical power, accidents and transportation problems,
flooding and landslides and damage to residences and other buildings. Schools may close for
several days. Businesses may function at reduced capacity for a time as employees may have
difficulty getting to work or are dealing with storm related problems at home.
There are many private roads in the County which individuals must maintain themselves or as a
cooperative group. Citizens can become frustrated if private snow removal equipment is
inoperable or if extensive damage occurs to private roads and bridges. Realtors could make a
point of informing or reminding clients that they are responsible for their own road maintenance
when purchasing property on private roads.
HISTORY
High winds have caused extensive damage through the County in past years. The most noted
storm was the "Columbus Day”(hurricane winds) storm of 1962. Severe winds also occurred
during the Inauguration Day storm of 1993. Other storms that have severely impacted Kitsap
County have occurred in: 1986, 1985, 1980, 1979, 1973, and 1971. The mostsevere
snowstorms that have occurred in Kitsap County were: 1996, 1990, 1985, 1971, 1969, 1961,
1951, 1950 and 1949. Historically, the most severe storms occur during the autumn and winter
months from October through February.On a average, Kitsap Emergency Management will
make preparations for 3 potentially dangerous storms each winter season.
Addendum I to this Section provides a history of severe Storms in Kitsap County.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-17
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
VULNERABILITY
Kitsap County remains highly vulnerable to the effects of rain, snow and windstorms.
CONCLUSIONS
Mitigation efforts include effective warning through the media. 3-5 day preparedness kits help
people weather the storm if they are without normal utilities and comforts. Well-packed kits
could be easily transported ifan evacuation was necessary/possible. For those residents living
in elevations prone to snowstorms, a 14-day preparedness kit is highly recommended. Any kit
should include prescription medications.
Annually, Kitsap County conducts pre-storm season preparations to include briefings with
County Officials to include schools, first responders and utilities; conduct winter season public
education programs; and prepare equipment and resources for these types of events.
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
High -
Severe storms are a fact of life in Kitsap County. Severe wind and rainstorms do not
generally impact the region for long periods of time but winter snow/ice storms have shut down
schools and businesses for long periods of time. Therefore, the most severe storm Kitsap
County is likely to face will be a snow/ice storm. It is not unprecedented for a winter storm to
leave a long lasting mark on the community by inflicting heavy financial damage on the area.
Based upon historical data, the future probable severity for severe storms in the region is high.
Tables II-1 and II-2 show the population and building stock affected by severe winter storms in
Kitsap County.
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Encourage the public sector to prepare and maintain 3-day emergency preparedness
kits.
The lead agency would be the Department of Emergency Management.
Local operations budget funding is to be identified to apply for Hazard Mitigation
and other grant opportunities.
Combination of Local funds to be budgeted and potential grant applications.
Implementation Time:
Portions of this strategy are currently being implemented and
they are included in these recommendations to emphasize the importance of the
ongoing efforts and to support a future grant application to increase the efforts.
Implementation Cost:
It is recommended that this strategy be included as part of the
annual Department of Emergency Management’s Public Education Program budget.
2010Update – Ongoing support
2.Encourage Water Utility Districts to coordinate the hazard planning, mitigation and
recovery activities through joint efforts of the Water PAK. These strategies would
include but are not limited to:
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-18
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Coordination of restoration priorities with Puget Sound Energy
Coordination of phone restoration with community-wide phone companies
Participation of Mutual Aid Programs with other utilities
Survey and retrofit facilities for high wind loads damage
The development of a Water PAK Emergency Response Plan
Implementation Time:
Portions of this strategy are currently being implemented and
they are included in these recommendations to emphasize the importance of the
ongoing efforts and to support a future grant application to increase the efforts.
Implementation Cost:
Cost to be determined
2010Update: Ongoing support
Note: In the past few years Kitsap County DEM has developed and implemented
new programs for winter storm mitigation including the County’s Alert and
Warning Program and Damage Assessment Program. The Alert and Warning
System provides hazardinformation, preparedness tips, and the ability to alert the
public on impending hazardous events. The Damage Assessment Program,
although used primarily for assessing private and public damage during an event,
provides post event analysis to use in future predictions of storm damage and
potential mitigation efforts. The program contains over 700 identified critical
facilities by type and response prioritization to better assess the damage in the
county and coordinated response.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-19
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
JurisdictionTotal Population in % Population Affected
PopulationHazard AreaBy Hazard
Unincorporated 100
164,595164,595
Kitsap County
Bainbridge Island 100
22,01022,010
Bremerton 100
37,72937,729
Port Orchard 100
11,14411,144
Poulsbo 100
9,2009,200
Port Madison 100
56005600
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble 100
12001200
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals258,278258,278100%
Table II-1: Population by Jurisdiction Affected by Severe Stormsin Kitsap County 2012
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
JurisdictionTotal Building % Building Total Total % Critical
Building Stock in Stock in Critical Critical Facilities in
StockHazard Hazard Area Facilities Facilities in Hazard Area
AreaJurisdictionHazard AreaJurisdiction
Unincorporated
87,98587,985100249249100
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
12,63912,6391008383100
Island
Bremerton
13,68313,6831006464100
Port Orchard
6,7086,7081003939100
Poulsbo
3,5163,5161006666100
Port Madison
4,5794,57910077100
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
27027010055100
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals (Kitsap)129,380129,380100%100%
513513
Table II-2: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected bySevere Storms in Kitsap County
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-20
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAT III: LAND SHIFT MITIGATION STRATEGIES
LEAD AGENCIES
Kitsap County Conservation District
City/County Community Development Departments
City/County Public Works Departments
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
Tribal Nations (where appropriate)
HAZARD
The term landslide refers to the down-slope movement of masses of rock and soil. Slides range
in size from thin masses of soil a few yards wide to deep-seated bedrock slides. Slides are
commonly categorized by the form of initial failure, but they may travel in a variety of forms
along their paths. This travel rate may range in velocity from a few inches per month to many
feet per second, depending largely on slope, material and water content. The recognition of
ancient, dormant slide masses isimportant as they can be reactivated by earthquakes or
unusually wet winters. Also, because they consist of broken materials and disrupted ground
water, they are more susceptible to construction-triggered sliding than adjacent undisturbed
material.
Erosion refers to the gradual removal of soil through wind or water action. Erosion may be
induced or increased by failure to use ground covers to protect soil from wind or drainage
systems that allow good dispersal of storm water. Slopes on waterfront can also be severely
undercut by normal wave action or large waves produced by storms.The following factors
contribute to landslides and earth movements:
Erosion caused by rivers, glaciers, or ocean/sound waves.
Earthquakes shaking the ground and creating stress in vulnerable soils.
Increased loadsfrom man-made structures like roads and the weight or rain/snow and/or
vegetation.
Hydrologic issues caused by high water tables, freezing and thawing of ground or weak
soils.
Development of land, grading of roads, and the removal of vegetation
Increases in lateral pressures like tree roots, crystallizations weakening slopes.
EFFECTS
Landslides typically and primarily cause damage to roads, railroads, sewer and water lines,
homes and commercial buildings.
Landslides can occur as a result of flooding areas and/or can cause localized flooding if they
impact the drainage system within the slope or bluff.
Severe slides may affect shipping and travel routes to the extent that economic loss results.
This loss can be particularly severe on tourism and recreational businesses. Uncontrolled water
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-21
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
flow frequently causes erosion, which in turn can cause landslides. Erosion can also move soil,
causing gullies, which ruins land and deltas by covering the more valuable land.
The effects of erosion are usually much less dramatic than landslides, but the final results may
be more costly.
HISTORY
Several landslides have impacted Kitsap County over the last 20 years. Landslidescan cause
deaths, significant damage to properties, and in some causes losses of the use of land for many
years doto the extensive cost to restoration. The deadly landslide on Bainbridge Island is
probably the one single event that demonstrates the unpredictability and destructiveness of a
landslide
Winter Storm December 1996 Bainbridge Island Landslide
In the winter of 1996, a landslide in the Rolling Bay area of Bainbridge Island forced a house off
its foundation and sent the house down the hill into Puget Sound. A report by USGS provided a
summary of the area from a geological perspective and the long term issues affecting other
home in the area.
Landslides Triggered by the Winter 1996-97 Storms in Puget Lowland, Washington (Online edition)1998
Kitsap County
“The Bainbridge Island landslide at Rolling Bay Walk is about three houses north of one that was pushed off its
). The landslide scar, deposits, and overturned house were still
foundation on April 23, 1996 (#20, plate1.html; fig. 2
intact at the time of our observations, except for the disturbance caused by recovery operations. The scar of the slide
was about 15 m wide, 15-20 m high, and averages 1 m deep. News reports indicated that the owner had built a
retaining wall of unknown quality and design (Maier, 1997; Crist, 1997). Newspapers and a local resident indicated
that the landslide happened shortly before 8:00 a.m., Sunday, January 19, 1997 (Maier 1997). A neighbor stated that
the landslide lasted only a few seconds (Bjorhus and Tu, 1997). The row of houses appearto be constructed in a cut
at the base of a steep bluff that rises from a narrow beach area. We observed scars of many old landslides on the
bluff to the north of the houses. About five recent slides from 1996 and 1997 storms were visible along undeveloped
bluffs not far north of the houses. More slides occurred at Rolling Bay Walk on March 18 and 19, 1997; these slides
damaged two houses and pushed another house onto the beach (Wallace, 1997).”
Kitsap County is subject to landslide or soilerosion due to wind, water and flooding at all times
of the year. Kitsap County's most recent history, the winter storm of 1996, caused the death of
a family of four on Bainbridge Island and destroyed millions of dollars in both public and private
property.Studies as noted above provide an avenue for ongoing analysis to mitigate landslide
concerns. The report above continued to make the following conclusions:
“Although slow-moving slides were less common than debris flows, they caused significant property damage. Slow,
deep-seated slides severely damaged several homes, roads, and utilities on the rim, bench, or sloping face of bluffs.
Many of the deep slides appeared to result from reactivation of preexisting landslide deposits. Detailed engineering-
geologic mapping to identify existing landslides before development and establishing minimum setback distances for
structures at the rim of bluffs could help reduce damage caused by deep slides.
The distribution and likelihood of debris flows and shallow landslides occurring in any given area are crudely
predictable. In general, such landslides occurred in the same areas and relative abundance as they have previously.
Analyzing the spatial and temporal distributions of historic landslides and debris flows couldaid in delineating areas
of significant landslide hazard for parts of the Puget Lowland.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-22
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Though debris-flows were abundant and widespread on lake and coastal bluffs, debris flows were particularly
hazardous in certain settings and any attempt to delineatedebris-flow hazard zones should include the potential
paths (run-out zones) as well as the source zones. Several homes on beaches or benches that were directly
downslope from steep bluffs were struck and destroyed or damaged by debris flows. One such debris flow killed a
family of four people sleeping in the lower level of their home, which was built directly downslope from a steep bluff.”
It concludes that the severity of any landslide is life and property and the magnitude
unpredictable. But with new technology like LIDAR, and ongoing studies, improved mitigation
practices and managing land use can reduce landslide threats.
VULNERABILITY
It is difficult to predict precisely when and where a landslide will occur. There are although
seasonal prediction in locations normally affected by heavy rains effecting shorelines. In some
cases, the amount of precipitation fallen over a period of time can predict the vulnerability of a
slope.
Despite the difficulty in predicting landslides, recent research conduct by USGS in Kitsap
County has been instrumental in mapping landslide areas. Using LIDAR or LIght, Detection
AndRanging, provides essential information about Kitsap County land mass and the geological
history. LIDAR is a remote-sensing technology for measuring the shape and elevation of the
earth's surface using a laser beam emitted and read from an airplane.USGS conducted a study
identify and analyzing landsides throughout the county.
The USGS landslide study using LIDAR helped to map out areas vulnerable to landslides. The
map providedin Exhibit III.1 shows areas in Kitsap affected by known landslide threats. It
represents .8% or 32square miles of the landmass of Kitsap a total of 179landslides. As noted
2
in the report, Shallow debris topples along the coastal bluffs and large (>10,000 m) landslide
complexes are the most common types of landslides.Most of these areas are noted in the
Geographically Critical Areas Map Kitsap in the CAT IV: Earthquakes Sub-section.
As of this update,
the specificamount of building stock or population prone to these landslides
isnot part of this plan due to the expediency of approval and adoption of this update. Affected
areas are small and somehave no structuresothers rural residential areas.City cores and
economic bases do not show any landslides. TableIII-1 below shows a list of landslides by area
and additional data. Although tables III-2 and III-3 attempt to extrapolate data based on known
population densities and building stock per jurisdiction. There are no known critical
infrastructure facilities in these areas. As noted in the mitigation strategies, there are residential
areas that could be affected by these slide areas as well as roads and other utility infrastructure.
These areas are known to City and County community development.A goal of the Mitigation
Planners will be to map and measure building stock and populations in these areasprior to the
next plan revision.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-23
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
JurisdictionNumber of % of total Affected
LandslidesLandslidesArea per
Jurisdiction
in Sq.Mi.
Unincorporated
13776.524.5
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
27154.8
Island
Bremerton
63.41.1
Port Orchard
31.7.54
Poulsbo
00
Port Madison
42.2.7
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
21.1.35
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals179100%32
Table III-1: LIDAR defined landslides Kitsap County.
USGS Landslides Mapped from LIDAR Imagery, Kitsap County Washington 2008
*Gross estimate if all landslide areas were averaged.
Information extrapolated based on population or building density and may not represent actual
numbers, but the limit on affected citizens and building stock.
Kitsap County continues to be impacted by landslides and erosion issues with each new winter
storm. Soil erosion continues to occur, especially at steep slopes and construction sites during
wind and rain storms.
CONCLUSIONS
The most significant effects of landslides are injury or death, disruption of transportation and the
destruction of property.Future studiesand effective land use management will help to mitigate
landslide prone areas and minimize the affect on the public and infrastructure.
Kitsap County has identified slide hazard areas and required geotechnical investigation and
preventative improvements before development can take place on top of or below slopes
subject to sliding through the:
Kitsap County Critical Areas Ordinance, revised May, 1998
Bainbridge Island Critical Area Ordinance, February, 2006
Bremerton Critical Land Ordinance, March, 2006
Port Orchard Interim Critical Area Ordinance, December 2009
Poulsbo Municipal Code 16.20 Critical Area Ordinance, July, 2007
However, the County needs to conduct more public education concerning construction of single-
family structures in slide hazard areas and to reduce efforts to develop these areas.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-24
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Human-caused erosion at building sites must be controlled through good engineering and
construction practices, i.e., the removal of trees from slopes in or near residential areas.
Farming must conform to established erosion control practices to conserve topsoil.
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
High -
The State of Washington rates landslide losses second to flood losses for the state as a
whole, with the Puget Sound basin having the greatest vulnerability. This is because of
increased population density and development onand below bluffs and slopes. Asreferenced in
a series of sensitive area maps, the County has several landslide hazard areas ranging from
low to very high hazard rating. Areas with the largest landslide risk are generally at some
distance from development, although an event would likely impact roads and lifelines.
Based upon historical data, the future probable severity for land shifts in the region is high.
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Identify and implement agricultural area erosion control measures to aid in mitigation of
identified land shift related problems. The lead agency would be the Local Conservation
District in coordination with the Community Development Departments.
Funding recommendations are to seek State and Federal support funds.
Implementation Time:
1 to 9 years
Implementation Cost:
Initial study to identify erosion problem areas and apply
mitigation strategies costs is estimated to be $178,000.
2.Identify and recommend landslide mitigation measures for implementation throughout
the community.See Exhibit III-1– Hazard Mitigation Plan Maps, Known Landslides.
Task 1: Identify potential land shift areas based upon historic data and existing geologic
studies of the area (to include the addition of the Illahee Costal Bluffs).
Task 2: Identify the resources to do the study for areas of influence located near critical
areas and the contribution those areas of influence exert on the land shift problems in
the identified critical areas.
Recommendation:
This would entail setting up a process by which each jurisdiction
would submit the geo-technical and geologic reports received as part of the land use and
permitting process to the Kitsap County Dept. of Emergency Management (DEM) for
review and indexing. Staff at DEM would need to be knowledgeable in this field and the
information on file would need to be readily accessible.
Take land shift Hazard Mitigation issues and recommendations to the Emergency
Management Council for increased community-wide support.
2010Update: Done– however no funding available for additional work
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-25
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Identify and recommend slide mitigation strategies for existing structures and
future remodeling of structures.
.
2010 Update: Done– however no funding for additional work
Conduct a study to identify potential mitigation steps for the reduction of risk to
life and property from landslides.
Study and improve runoff control systems for slide prone areas.
The lead agency would be the appropriate City or County, Tribal Nations
CommunityDevelopment Departments.
Establish a regionally funded program to review geotechnical and geologic
reports submitted as part of the planning and permitting process.
2010 Update: Not complete – no funding allocated.
Develop a Task List to include preferred providers and peer review methodology.
Include minimum requirements for preferred providers to include 5 years in soil
related work.
Identify slide-prone areas and study specific mitigation steps to reduce existing
risk and prevent increased risk. Examples of areas of this type are listed below:
1.Rolling Bay Walk
2.Crystal Springs Drive
3.Rockaway Beach
4.Fort Ward Hill
5.Prospect Point
6.Kingston Bluff
7.Suquamish Bluff
8.Hood Canal Bluff
9.Lower Wheaton Way Canyon
Pursue pre-disaster and post-disaster Small Business Administration (SBA)
loans for the implementation of landslide, slippage, erosion, and subsidence
abatement strategies.
2010Update – no declared disasters thus no funding from SBA
Tribal Nations have sovereignty from County land use requirements.Tribal
Nations will need to work on identification and mitigation measures on Tribal
lands when grant funding/personnel are available.
Note
: Funding for the above mitigation strategy recommendations would be Local
unbudgeted funds combined with State and Federal Grants and administrative program
funding.Although, recently conducted LIDAR Studies have been beneficial to the
increased understanding and location of landslides in Kitsap. Since the studies, more
refined mitigation strategies can be developed.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-26
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years with ongoing project projection of 1 to 9 years.
Implementation Cost:
It is recommended that $150,000 be identified to start the
engineering and cost studies needed to support this strategy.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-27
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit III-1. Landslides Prone areas in Kitsap County.
USGS Landslides Mapped from LIDAR Imagery, Kitsap County Washington 2008
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-28
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
JurisdictionTotal PopulationPopulation in % Population
PopulationDensityHazard AreaAffected
Unincorporated 642 15,7299.5
164,595
Kitsap County
Bainbridge Island 735 3528 1.6
22,010
Bremerton 1644 1808 4.8
37,729
Port Orchard 1910 1031 9.3
11,144
Poulsbo 2121 00 0.0
9,200
Port Madison 590 413 7.3
5,600
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble 461 161 1.3
1,200
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals258,27822,6708.7%
Table III-2: Population by Jurisdiction affected by Land Shift Hazards in Kitsap County
Kitsap DEM and GIS Data
Information extrapolated using square miles affect by the hazard and jurisdiction population
densities.
JurisdictionTotal Average Building % Building Total Total Critical
Building Building Stock in Stock in Critical Facilities in
StockStock per Hazard AreaHazard AreaFacilitiesHazard Area
Sq. Mi.
Unincorporated
87,98526163967.22490
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
12,639456219017.3830
Island
Bremerton
13,6836056254.5640
Port Orchard
6,708136873911.0390
Poulsbo
3,516925000.0660
Port Madison 4,5794162916.370
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
2701043613.350
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals(Kitsap)129,38010,2777.90*
513
Table III-3: Building Stock by Jurisdiction affected by Land Shift Hazards in Kitsap County
Kitsap DEM and GIS Data
Information extrapolated using total square miles per jurisdiction to extract average building
stock per square mile. *Total critical facilities in hazard area are zero (0) based on review of
Hazard area and Critical Facility Database (not provided). Although these known hazard areas
may contain roads (county/city) and utility infrastructures.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-29
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-30
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAT IV: EARTHQUAKE MITIGATION STRATEGIES
LEAD AGENCIES
Kitsap County Emergency Management Council
City/County Public Works Departments
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
SUPPORT AGENCIES
Kitsap County Geographic Information System (GIS) Department
US Geological Survey (USGS)
University of Washington (UW) Geology Department
HAZARD
The Puget Sound region is entirely within Seismic Risk Zone 3, (Seismic Zone Map) requiring
that buildings be designed to withstand major earthquakes measuring 7.5 in magnitude. It is
anticipated, however, that earthquakes caused from subduction plate stress can reach a
magnitude greater than 8.0.
A seismic zone mapin Exhibit IV-1 is based on a statistical compilation of the number and the
magnitude of past earthquakes. Therefore, it is an indication of where the next earthquake is
most likely to occur, how often and the magnitude. There is no direct correlation between
seismic zone and Richter scale, except past experience shows that the worst earthquakes occur
in the higher seismic zones.
Exhibit IV-1:Seismic Zone Map (Courtesy USGS)
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-31
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
EFFECTS
Effects of a major earthquake in the Puget Sound basin area could be catastrophic, providing
the worst-case disaster short of drought-induced wild fire sweeping through a suburban area.
Hundreds of residents could be killed and a multitude of others left homeless.
In Kitsap County, depending on the time of day and time of year, a catastrophic earthquake
could cause hundreds of injuries, deaths and millions of dollars in critical infrastructure and
private property damage.
A severe earthquake could level or severely damage older buildings, especially those
constructed of non-reinforced masonry. Newer structures, built under recent building codes,
would probably sustain less damage, but are vulnerable to the soil conditions of the building
site.
A severe earthquake would also do major damage to County and City utilities. Depending on
the earthquake epicenter and duration of the earthquake, major damage or failure of Casad
Dam could occur. Water systems in the County would suffer ruptured mains and possible
failure of local water reservoirs. Sanitary sewer and storm water piping and associated spills
are also probable.
Electrical and natural gas utilitieswould also suffer major damage. Failed transformers and
downed electrical lines would create massive power failures in the County. Ruptured gas lines
would create conditions for large fires and explosions.
Public communication facilities (i.e., radio, television, and telephone systems) would be
damaged. Surviving telephone systems would likely be overloaded almost instantly. Radio and
television services may take days or weeks to recover.
Emergency services (i.e., fire, medical, search and rescue) would be instantly overwhelmed by
the amount of damage and injury throughout the County.
County and City Public Works Departments would be very hard-pressed to establish a working
road net for essential services, especially if bridges become damaged. At a minimum, bridges
in an affected area would have to be inspected prior to use.
Emergency food and shelter would be needed for possibly thousands of persons forced from
their homes or isolated by damaged roads and bridges.
Since a catastrophic earthquake would likely affect more communities than Kitsap County, the
likelihood of immediate assistance from sources outside the County would be remote.
Earthquakes of lesser magnitude or further from the County would cause less damage and
displacement, but the County could find itself faced with a large influx of refugees.
Depending on the damage and injuries caused by an earthquake, businesses may close,
unemployment may rise and economic loss might occur.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-32
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
HISTORY
The part of Washington State east of the Cascades has historically been subject to shallow,
though infrequent, smaller earthquakes up to a magnitude of 6.0. The western part of
Washington State is vulnerable to the following earthquake risks:
A magnitude 7.5 event of 40 or more kilometers in depth
Amagnitude 6.5 event at a shallow depth in the vicinity of Mt. St. Helens
A magnitude 7.5 event at a shallow depth anywhere in western Washington of uncertain
probability.
Subduction-plate earthquakes can reach magnitudes greater than 8.0
Nisqually Earthquake 2001
On February 24, 2001, a 6.8 magnitude earthquake struck the Puget Sound Region. The
Region suffered moderate damage and no deaths. In Kitsap County, over 750 residents
received minor to major damages resulting in $900,000 in Individual Assistance. Public
Assistance was $1.5 million for roads and infrastructure damaged by the Earthquake. As a
result of the event, Kitsap developed better programs to prepare citizens and public entities as
well as provide educational courses in home and business retrofitting.
VULNERABILITY
Kitsap County will remain vulnerable to earthquakes. The largest estimated magnitude is 8.0,
which would be catastrophic in nature.The exhibits below showthe numerous seismic faults in
the Puget Sound Region. HAZUS modeling, a FEMA product used to develop potential
scenarios and effects from earthquakes, has been essential in defining damage estimates and
outcomes. Although Kitsap does not use HAZUS, it does use the scenarios provided in the
USGS HAZUS and Shake Map Library and tailors them to conduct earthquake exercises,
training, and evaluate areas for mitigation.
It is obvious, that an earthquake can cause any number of hazards presented in this mitigation
plan other than a terrorism event; particularly landslides andflooding. Any effort to mitigate
these hazards can potentially lessen the impact of an earthquake.
Kitsap County is also vulnerable to potential liquefaction damage as a result of a catastrophic
earthquake. Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which strong earthquake shaking causes soil to
rapidly lose its strength and behave like quicksand. Liquefaction typically occurs in artificial fills
and in areas of loose sandy soils that are saturated with water, such as coastal areas,
lakeshores, and river valleys.During an earthquake liquefaction can be catastrophic as noted in
the recent earthquake in Christchurch New Zealand 2010). Exhibit IV-5 and IV-6 show areas in
Kitsap County susceptible to liquefaction. The information can be critical in land development
and determining current building stock or populations in these defined areas.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-33
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit IV-2 Major Fault Zones in
the Puget Sound Region
Illustrates known major fault lines that may affect Kitsap County.
.
Exhibit IV-3 Cascadia
Subduction Earthquake
Sources
Illustrates the Cascadia subduction seismic events that may affect Kitsap County. These are
huge earthquakes as a result of the movement between oceanic and continental plate
movement. These events can be catastrophic causing tsunamis, significant shaking, and major
landslides.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-34
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CONCLUSIONS
Kitsap County will experience major earthquake effects. Mitigation efforts must be instituted
and maintained to decrease potential problems from major earthquakes. They are:
1.Examination, evaluation and enforcement of effective building and zoning codes.
2.Public education on what to do before, during and after an earthquake.
3.Development of appropriate County and City government response plans. Response
should include detailed immediate action tosave resources such as water and gas
supplies. Plans should be realistically exercised at the County and City levels to insure
workability and relevance to disaster response.
VOLCANO Eruptions
As noted in Section II of this plan, the eruption of Mt St.Helens in 1981resulted in a statewide disaster affecting
numerous Counties due to ash fallout. It is listed in the History of Disasters, but did not affect Kitsap County.
Mt St Helens is part of a string of classified volcanic peaks in the Cascade Mountain Range. The closest
volcano to Kitsap is Mt Rainer. The question for Kitsap is “is a volcano eruption a hazard to Kitsap County and
can we mitigate this hazard?”
Should a volcano eruption occur, it could occur because of an earthquake or on its ownover time. Should it
occur because of an earthquake, obviously Kitsap County would experience the earthquake. The volcano
eruption would cause a potential Lahar as well as cataclysmic upheaval followed by fallen ash. Due to
prevailing winds (west to east), and affects of the Puget Sound waters, the likelihood of Kitsap receiving any
fallen ash is very low and does not warrant any mitigation efforts.
Although, should a volcanic eruption occur at Mt Rainer or Mt Baker in the North Cascades, Kitsap County
would monitor and provide assistance as necessary to support our partners in the Puget Sound Region.
As a whole, agencies/jurisdictions represented in this plan do not need to conduct any further analysis on
volcanic eruptions.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-35
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit IV-4:Notable earthquakes from 1969 to present are shown, with size
proportional to magnitude and color indicating depth.
Courtesy: Pacific Northwest Seismic Network.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-36
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table IV-1:History of Major Earthquake in Washington State
The following descriptions are for the earthquake sites in or near Kitsap County:
Washington State Significant Earthquakes
DateTime LatitudeDepthMagLocation
(PST)Longitude(Km)
oo
December 14, 187221404848'12124'shallow7.4North Cascades
oo
December 12, 188020404730'12230'5.5Puget Sound
oo
April 30, 188222484700'12300'deep6.0Olympia area
November 29, 1891152148 o 00'123 o 30'5.0Puget Sound
March 6, 1893170345 o 54'119 o 24'shallow4.9Southeast Washington
oo
January 3, 189622154830'12248'5.7PugetSound
oo
March 16, 190420204748'12300'5.3Olympics eastside
oo
January 11, 190915494842'12248'deep6.0Puget Sound
oo
August 18, 191506054830'12124'5.6North Cascades
oo
January 23, 192023094836'12300'5.5Puget Sound
oo
July 17, 193222014745'12150'shallow5.2Central Cascades
oo
July 15, 193623084600'11818'shallow5.7Southeast Washington
oo
November 12, 193923464724'12236'deep5.7Puget Sound
oo
April 29, 194512164724'12142'5.5Central Cascades
oo
February 14, 194619144718'12254'406.3Puget Sound
oo
April 13, 194911554706'12242'547.1Puget Sound
oo
August 5, 195919444748'12000'35Northwest Cascades
oo
April 29, 196507284724'12224636.5Puget Sound
oo
February 13, 198122094621'12214'75.5South Cascades
oo
April 13, 199021334851'12236'55.0Deming
oo
January 28, 199519114723'12221'165.017.6 km NNE of Tacoma
oo
May 2, 199621044746'12157'75.310.2 km ENE of Duvall
June 23, 1997111347 o 36'122 o 34'7.44.95.5 km NE of Bremerton
oo
July 2, 199917434705' 12328'415.18.2 km N of Satsop
o o
February 28, 200110544709’ 12243'52.46.817.6 km NE of Olympia
January 30, 2009132547.78N 122.56W4.5Kingston
Table extrapolated from WA State HIVA, Table 4
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-37
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
High-
Washington State is situated near a tectonic collision boundary where the oceanic Juan
de Fuca plate dives beneath the continental North American plate. The plate boundary is the
Cascadia Subduction Zone which lies about fifty miles offshore, extending from near Vancouver
Island to northern California. These plates are converging at a rate of 1 to 1 ½ inches per year.
As the Juan de Fuca plate slides beneath the North American plate, cracks or faults develop at
their boundary and at the surface in response to bending. The friction caused by this sliding
movement tends to stick the two plates or two sides of a fault together. Over time, tremendous
pressure builds up and friction is overcome. When this happens, one plate or one side of a fault
moves relative to the other plate or side resulting in the sudden release of energy that is felt as
an earthquake. According to the United States Geological Service, Kitsap County is a high-risk
area for earthquakes.
Based on the history of the San Juan Fault and the calculated earthquakefrequencies,the
future probable severity for earthquakes in the region is high.
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Design and implement an ongoing community-wide public seismic risk assessment
program. The Emergency Management Council will have responsibility for this strategy.
Local agencies including the Public Works Departments, Community Development
Departments and the Department of Emergency Management willshare lead
responsibilities for this strategy, as appropriate. This project will require specific task
development and may need to be based on the implementation of a community-wide
GIS System and/or the implementation of Geologic Mapping Strategy number three.
Implementation Time:
1 to 6 years
Implementation Cost:
Thesecosts will need to be determined after the identified
agencies/departments meet to determine the costs.
2.Identify and study ground motion, landslide, and primary liquefaction community-wide.
Include new data from most recent earthquake studies affectingKitsap County.
The lead agency at the Local level for this project would be the appropriate Public Works
Departments and the Department of Emergency Management with additional support
required from the US Geological Survey and the University of Washington Geology
Department.
A special resource to be considered for implementation of this strategy would be
to request grant funding to use college and university graduate students for the
planning and implementation of the study.
A recommended result of the study would be the ability to create liquefaction
hazard mapping.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-38
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Implementation Cost:
Estimates for support of a graduate student is $75,000. This
contribution may be able to be used towards the collaborative USGS-UW Geologic
mapping effort to consolidate projects and cost sharing.
2010 update – The County has participated in LIDARMapping which assists
Kitsap County in pre-identifying faults.
3. Develop and implement an incentive program for seismic retrofit.
Community Development agencies and the building industry will be the lead
agencies for this program. Funding has not been identified.
Constraints for this program are based upon the State of Washington authority to
approve tax incentives for mitigation programs.
Local incentives would require cooperation with insurance brokerage firms to
lower rates on seismically retrofitted homes.
Incentive funding programs can be explored and modeled after Project Impact
Communities for community revolving low interest loans and loan of tools to
accomplish the retrofit program.
Implementation Time:
3 to 5 years
Implementation Cost:
An estimated $36,000 for staff time would need to be set aside
to explore potential implementation of an earthquake seismic retrofit program.
2010Update – Delayed, funding not available.
4.Implement a community-wide water main and water delivery system risk assessment.
Formulate alternatives to mitigate risk.
Lead agencies for this strategy would be the Public Utility Districts, Water
Purveyors, City Utilities and public/private system owners or operators, where
appropriate.
In addition to Local operational budgets, this project would require matching
grant funds.
Coordinate the risk assessment with the identification of fire hydrants and
perform risk analysis for fire protection.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
Funding to be identified.
2010 update: Both Silverdale Water and North Perry water have been working on
tying the two systems together.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-39
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
5.Promotepublic seismic risk retrofit for commercial sector and residential sector to
include foundation bolting, tie downs, and necessary bracing actions.
Lead agencies and private groups for this strategy would include the Board of
County Commissioners and Mayors through the Emergency Management
Council, Housing Authority, Local Chambers of Commerce, Department of
Emergency Management, City/County Public Works Departments, at-risk
population service agencies, and volunteer organizations.
Special Resources considered for this project could include volunteer groups,
matching grant applications, private donations, and Housing Authority support.
Propose the utilization of Small Business Administration pre-disaster mitigation loans
for portion of the funding needed.
Implementation Time:
1 to 4 years
Implementation Cost:
Work toward establishing a moderate, low interest community
revolving loan program of 7 to 10 million dollars. Funding for this loan program would be
modeled after the FEMA Project Impact Mitigation Strategies and would be dependent upon
the community financial and real estate private sector assistance.
2010 update: delayed until 2014
2010 Update: 2004 priorities 3 and 6 downgraded to Section 4 Strategies and
Recommendation: Priority 2 due to funding.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-40
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit IV-5: Liquefaction in Kitsap County
Courtesy Kitsap County GIS and Community Development 2012
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-41
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit IV-6: Soil Site Classification Map, Kitsap County 2012
Courtesy: Kitsap County GIS and Community Development
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-42
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit IV-7: Geological Critical Areas in Kitsap County.
Kitsap County GIS Mapping
Shows potentially hazards areas, major earthquakes and fault lines. Red indicates high hazard areas.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-43
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit IV-8: Quaternary Fault Lines Kitsap County
Kitsap County GIS Mapping
Showspotentially hazards areas, major earthquakes and fault lines. Yellow lines indicates fault lines.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-44
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
JurisdictionTotal Population in % Population Affected
PopulationHazard Area by Hazard
(Approx.)Jurisdiction
Unincorporated
164,595164,595100
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
22,01022,010100
Island
Bremerton
37,72937,729100
Port Orchard
11,14411,144100
Poulsbo
9,2009,200100
Port Madison
56005600100
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
12001200100
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals258,278258,278100%
Table IV-2: Population by Jurisdiction affected by Earthquakes
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
JurisdictionTotal Building % Building Total Total % Critical
Building Stock in Stock in Critical Critical Facilities in
StockHazard Hazard Area Facilities Facilities in Hazard Area
AreaJurisdictionHazard AreaJurisdiction
Unincorporated
87,98587,985100249249100
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
12,63912,6391008383100
Island
Bremerton
13,68313,6831006464100
Port Orchard
6,7086,7081003939100
Poulsbo
3,5163,5161006666100
Port Madison
4,5794,57910077100
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
27027010055100%
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals (Kitsap)129,380129,380100%100%
513513
Table IV-2: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by Earthquakes
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-45
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAT V: DROUGHT MITIGATION STRATEGIES
LEAD AGENCIES
Public Utility Districts (all)
Water Purveyors (all)
SUPPORT AGENCIES
Kitsap County Fire Agencies
Kitsap County Health District
Tribal Nations
HAZARD
A drought is defined as "a period of abnormally dry weather, sufficiently prolonged for the lack of
water to cause a serious hydrologic imbalance (i.e., crop damage, water supply shortage, etc.)
in the affected area."
EFFECTS
The possibility of a prolonged drought exists in Kitsap County. Average annual rainfall is about
64 inches;however, there is a considerable difference in precipitation levels within the County.
Several consecutive, hot, drysummer months can create parched and tinder-dry conditions.
Extremely dry conditions could force the closure of forests to recreation, hunting, camping and
hiking, Camp fires and outdoor burning are often limited for a couple of months each summer
and longer during extremely dry conditions.
Mitigation efforts should include public information on water conservation, which would
discourage unnecessary water waste. The mitigation activities listed under FOREST-URBAN
INTERFACE FIRES also apply due to the increased potential for forest fires during a drought.
Large areas supplied by one water system might have to resort to rationing. Residents on
private wells should be prepared with water barrels in the event their wells become temporarily
dry.
HISTORY
Historically, drought has not commonly been considered a problem in the area west of the
Cascade Mountain Range. In spite of this, Kitsap County has felt the effects of drought many
times in the past and will continue to do so in the future. Multiple measurable and documented
droughts have hit the region in the past 100 years but the following three are the most notable:
April 1934 – March 1937: The longest drought in the region’s history.
October 1976 – September 1977: The worst drought on record. Stream flows
averaged between 30% and 70% of normal. Temperatures were higher than
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
normal, which resulted in algae growth and fish kills.
January – March 2001: the second driest winter on record in 106 years. Stream
flows approached the low levels of the 1976-77drought.
VULNERABILITY
Kitsap County’s population and industries continue to grow, so does the demand for water. As
usage approaches the limit of available water, any decrease in the normal flow will tend to
exacerbate past problems. The county does not need a full-blown drought to experience a water
shortage.
Kitsap County is vulnerable to drought in the logging and wood products industries as well as
the recreational areas. Loss of income from hunters, campers and tourists would not have a
devastating effect on Kitsap County economics.
Besides the forests, local agriculture can be devastated by a prolonged drought. A shortage of
water will also impact certain industries that depend on inexpensive water supplies, such as
laundries and restaurants. In the event of severe drought, the fire fighting capabilities of fire
agencies can be impacted.
USGS Ground Water Study
USGS in partnership with Kitsap County Public Utilities District PUD #1 is currently conducting a
study to characterize the groundwater-flow on the Kitsap Peninsula. Kitsap is obviously unique
in that it is sounded by water on three sides and consequently, water demands from growing
population and industry use my find limitations. The purpose of the study is to develop a model
using numerical flow information and provide useful planning information for watershed
management in the future. This study is consistent with National USGS missions and goals to
define water-resource issues as part of their Science Strategy. As noted in Exhibit V-1, ground
waterflow meters are placed to capture ground water data to evaluate the flow system. The
expectation is that USGS will access mapping programs and LIDAR to further evaluate and
provide digital mapping.
CONCLUSIONS
Droughts will continue to occur in Kitsap County. Drought-related forest and other wildfire will
continue to occur in the County. During periods of drought, County and City governments must
perform public education concerning water conservation and, when needed, institute water
conservation activities such as prohibition of lawn watering and car washing.
Tables V-1 and V-2 show Population and Building Stock potentially affected by a significant
drought event.
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
Medium -“
Empirical studies conducted over the past century have shown that meteorological
drought is never the result of a single cause. It is the result of many causes, often synergistic in
nature; these include global weather patterns that produce persistent, upper-level high-pressure
systems along the West Coast with warm, dry air resulting in less precipitation.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Scientists at this time do not know how to predict drought more than a month in advance for
most locations. Predicting drought depends on the ability to forecast precipitation and
temperature. Anomalies of precipitation and temperature may last from several months to
several decades. How long they last depend on interactions between the atmosphere and the
oceans, soil moisture and land surface processes, topography, internal dynamics, and the
accumulated influence of weather systems on the global scale.
Based on the state’s history with drought from 1895 to 1995, the state as a whole can expect
severe or extreme drought at least 5 percent of the time In the future. The east slopes of the
Cascades and much of Western Washington can expect severe or extreme drought from 5 to 10
percent of the time.” (Washington State Hazard Mitigation Plan)
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Provide for additional research and compilation of water resource dataregarding aquifer
recharge areas. Identify long-term priorities vs. short-term priorities. The
recommendation for implementation would be to partner with water purveyors, well
owners, Tribal Nations, nursery owners, homebuilders, architectural and professionally
certified programs including community vocational education classes.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Costs:
Funding to be identified.
2010 update: See Discussion above regarding USGS Ground Water Study
2.
Identify cost effective water conservation measures to be developed and implemented.
Public Utility Districts and Water Purveyors are identified as the lead agencies for
mitigation strategy implementation.
Fire Agencies, Tribal Nations and the Health District are recommended as
SUPPORT AGENCIES to work with the lead agencies.
Implementation Cost:
Funding Sources: Current Local agency budgets.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Note:
Portions of this program are currently ongoing and it is recommended that the
.
strategy continue to receive agency and community support
2010 update: Continue to support all three agencies in their endeavors to do this
mitigation strategy.
3.Formulate policies for conservation of water during times of water shortage and drought,
policiesto be implemented by governments, citizens, and businesses. This type of
policy implementation is an ongoing program.
The Public Utility Districts, Water Purveyors and Tribal Nations are identified as
the lead agencies for mitigation strategy implementation with the support of the
Fire Agencies and Health Districts.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Funding sources identified for policy formulation as an ongoing project with Local
budgeted funds is recommended. Future consideration for implementation of
policies to potentially require utility rate increases.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
To be projected and identified within current operational project
budgets.
2010 update: Ongoing…both Emergency Managementand the Utility, Water
Purveyorsand Tribal Nations have brochures etc., to assist in this project.
JurisdictionTotal Population in % Population Affected
PopulationHazard Area by Hazard
(Approx.)Jurisdiction
Unincorporated
164,595164,595100
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
22,01022,010100
Island
Bremerton
37,72937,729100
Port Orchard
11,14411,144100
Poulsbo
9,2009,200100
Port Madison
56005600100
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
12001200100
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals258,278258,278100%
Table V-1: Population by Jurisdiction affected by Significant Droughts
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
JurisdictionTotal Building % Building Total Total % Critical
Building Stock in Stock in Critical Critical Facilities in
StockHazard Hazard Area Facilities Facilities in Hazard Area
AreaJurisdictionHazard AreaJurisdiction
Unincorporated
87,98587,985100249249100
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
12,63912,6391008383100
Island
Bremerton
13,68313,6831006464100
Port Orchard6,7086,708100 3939100
Poulsbo
3,5163,5161006666100
Port Madison
4,5794,57910077100
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
27027010055100%
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals (Kitsap)129,380129,380100%100%
513513
Table V-2: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected byDroughts
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
Exhibit V-1. Ground WaterMonitoring Wells
USGS Water Science Center, 2012.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAT VI: TSUNAMI MITIGATION STRATEGIES
LEAD AGENCIES
Kitsap County Emergency Management Council
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
City/County Public Works Departments
SUPPORT AGENCIES
Washington State Division of Emergency Management
Area Chambers of Commerce
City/County GIS Departments
Washington State Department of Transportation
HAZARD
A tsunami consists of a series of high-energy waves that radiate outward like pond ripples from
the area in which the generating event occurred. Typically they are triggered by earthquakes,
volcanic activity, andsubmarine landslides or in the case of Puget Sound, most often by local
landslides from surrounding bluffs.
Sièclesare basically a series of standing waves in an enclosed or partly enclosed body of
water. Sièclesare normally caused by earthquake activity, and can affect harbors, bays, lakes,
rivers and canals.
EFFECTS
Much of Kitsap County is surrounded by water, from the Puget Sound to the Hood Canal. With
so much shoreline in the county, a tsunami, high waves, or a sièclewould have a devastating
affect on Kitsap County residents. Flooding would occur, property damage would be sustained
and residents would be displaced.
Aside from the tremendous hydraulic force of the tsunami waves themselves, floating debris
carried by a tsunami can endanger human lives and batter inland structures. Ships mooredat
piers and in harbors often are swamped and sunk or are left battered and stranded high on the
shore. Breakwaters and piers collapse, sometimes because of scouring actions that sweep
away their foundation material and sometimes because of the sheer impact of the waves.
Port facilities, naval facilities, ferry terminals, fishing fleets, and public utilities are frequently the
backbone of the economy of the affected areas, and these are the very resources that generally
receive the most severe damage. Until debris can be cleared, wharves and piers rebuilt, utilities
restored, and the fishing fleets reconstituted, communities may find themselves without fuel,
food, transportation and employment.
Wherever water transport is a vital means of supply, disruption of coastal systems caused by
tsunamis can have far-reaching economic effects.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Seiches create a “sloshing” effect on bodies of water and liquids in containers. This primary
effect can cause damage to moored boats, piers and facilities close to the water. Secondary
problems, including landslides and floods, are related to accelerated water movements and
elevated water levels.
HISTORY
An earthquake-induced landslide in 1949 at Salmon Beach in the Tacoma Narrows generated a
6 to 8-foot tsunami that hit Gig Harbor. It moved both directions within the Narrows probably
reaching portions of south Kitsap County. East Passage and Colvos Passage form a direct
connection from the area where the Seattle Fault crosses Puget Sound and Kitsap County.
Because of this,it is highly likely that any tsunami generated by the large earthquake on that
fault approximately 1100 years ago propagated south to at least some portions of the County.
A recent study produced by Maria E. Martin Arcos entitle “The A.D. 900–930 Seattle-Fault-Zone
Earthquake with a Wider Coseismic Rupture Patch and Postseismic Submergence:
Inferences from New Sedimentary Evidence”suggest evidence of 4-5 m tsunami hitting the
Gorst Area of Sinclair Inlet. The tsunami may have been an outcome of a Seattle fault
earthquake or possibly other events cataclysmic enough to cause an 18 foot tidal wave in the
Puget Sound. Maria Arcos conclusion is
“This study reiteratesthe threat of multiple hazards associated with earthquakes in the Puget Lowland, of which
tsunamis are prominent in the case of Sinclair Inlet. Tsunami deposits at Gorst and tsunami modeling reiterate the
tsunami threat in this inlet. Evidence for a tsunami in SinclairInlet is not unexpected based on the proximity to the
Seattlefault zone and on previous tsunami models (Koshimuraet al., 2002). Simulated wave heights of 4–5 m
indicate tsunamis are not only a threat to the infrastructure in Gorst, butalso to the naval base at Bremerton. Tsunami
simulationsdemonstrate that the higher uplift documented in this studyresults in almost a meter higher tsunami wave
alongSinclair Inlet. Even an order-of-magnitude smaller Tacomafault-generated tsunami would generate strong
currents inthe narrow straits and harbors near Gorst. Further tsunami simulations in the Puget Lowland including
different faultscenarios would help determine the degree of hazard posedby locally generated tsunamis.”
Exhibit VI-1 shows the Gorst area of Kitsap County. As noted on the map, an 4-5 meter
tsunamis can significantlyaffect the Cities of Bremerton and Port Orchard as well as the Puget
Sound Naval Shipyard. This and other studies conclude that inland tsunamis can be potentially
catastrophic and need more attention by those Counties in the Puget Sound Region.
VULNERABILITY
Kitsap County is vulnerable to tsunamis, high waves and seiches due to our vulnerability to
storms and earthquakes. Among the most vulnerable elements of the community are the
marine enterprises, public port facilities, defense establishments and the hundreds of private
residences lining the shorelines of Sinclair and Dyes Inlets; these entities either need, or are
willing to pay the price for, a shore location. Located on filled ground, over-water, or at the foot
of steep shoreline bluffs, the structures housing employees, customers, military personnel,
visitors or residents are in harm’s way for tsunami inundation and strong currents, landslides,
and soil failure during and after strong groundshaking.
Vulnerability issues include
Loss of life
Debris
Natural resources damage
Transportation infrastructure
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Utilities
Shoreline development
2010 Update: In the past few years, Kitsap County GIS develop maps and data on the
potential for a worst case tsunami scenario defined as a 25 foot wave height hitting
anywhere along the coastline of Kitsap County. Using this defined areas;Tables VI-1
and VI-2 define the population and building stock affected by such an event. In the
future, updates to this plan will continue to revise the shoreline analysis and evaluate
tsunamis based on more credible data.
CONCLUSIONS
Earthquakes will occur and could cause a tsunami. Earthquakes and other underwater
disturbances could occur and cause general or localized damage from a tsunami or a seiche.
Damage from a tsunami or a sièclemay range from insignificant to catastrophic.
Education of the affected populations, proper zoning, and suitable structural design can aid in
reducing the disastrous effect of this natural hazard. If warning is received early enough (2 to 5
hours), which is possible for tsunamis generated at a distance, hasty preventive action can be
taken: people can be evacuated, ships can clear harbors or seek safer anchorage, and
buildingscan be closed, shuttered, and sandbagged. For tsunamis generatedby local
earthquake or landslide events, however, the time from initiation of a tsunami to its arrival at
shore can be less than a minute. Residents in areas susceptible to tsunamis should be made
aware of the need to seek high ground if they feel strong ground shaking
.
Tsunamis or sièclesthat occur in Kitsap County have the potential to cause property damage
and casualties. Public education on tsunamis and sièclesis normally included in disaster
preparedness classes as a subset of earthquake damage. Although much work has been done
on disaster preparedness for public, local governments, emergency planners and the citizenry
need to recognize the dangers and effects of tsunamis and sièclesas a component of the
earthquake hazard.
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
Medium -
Great earthquakes in the North Pacific or along the Pacific coast of South American,
historically, generate tsunamis that sweep through the entire Pacific basin occur at a rate of
about six every 100 years. Local earthquakes and landslides thatgenerate tsunamis occur
more frequently, although a specific rate of occurrence has not been calculated by scientists.
The communities within the County that are potentially at risk are Bainbridge Island, Navy Yard
City, Silverdale, Bremerton, Parkwood, Suquamish, Erlands Point, Port Orchard, Tracyton,
Manchester, & Poulsbo (Washington State Hazard Mitigation Plan)
Due to the potential for tsunamis to occur and the number of communities that potentially could
be impacted, the future probable severity for tsunamis is medium.
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Training: Design and schedule a series of workshops to train local waterfront facilities
and businesses in the development of appropriate
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Evacuation plans Workshops should serve to: educate local waterfront facilities
and businesses to the nature of the tsunami threat, inform them of all available
options for evacuation, and train them in assessing their particular facility. This
project will require a minimum of 3 workshops: (1) Tsunami Preparedness and
Mitigation for Waterfront Businesses, (2) ATC-21: Facility Assessment Training,
and (3) Evacuation Planning for Waterfront Businesses.
The lead agency for this strategy should be the Department of Emergency
Management with additional support required from theWashington Sea Grant
Program. Additionally, involvement by the Local Chambers of Commerce and
local business owners should be requested.
This strategy should be approached in a manner consistent with the Education &
Outreach Plan proposed by Washington Sea Grant for the Reducing Earthquake-
Tsunami Hazards in Pacific Northwest Ports & Harbors project.
Implementation Time:
1 to 2 years
Implementation Cost: Minimal costs will be associated with the man-hours needed to
design and plan for the workshops. Additionally, costs may be incurred in securing
appropriate venues for holding the workshops and/or materials provided. Total costs
should not exceed $5000.
2010 update: This is an ongoing project but has been added to every presentation
done by Emergency Management
2. Response & Evacuation: Work with the Washington State Emergency Management
Division Earthquake-Tsunami-Volcano Program to develop a “Tsunami Interpretive
Information” sign. The sign should be based upon the existing “Washington State
Geology” signs that are posted on the outer coast, but with a focus on Puget Sound
geology and tsunami. The sign should also illustrate the appropriate responses during
and after earthquake and tsunami events.
The lead agency for this strategy should be the Washington State Emergency
Management Division in coordination with the Kitsap County Department of
Emergency Management, Local Chambers of Commerce, and Emergency
Management Council.
Primary venues for signage should include high-use visitor/tourist areas such as
the Bremerton and Port Orchard waterfronts, downtown Port Orchard, Gorst, the
Washington State Ferry terminals and Puget Sound Naval Shipyard.
Washington State Emergency Management Division has, in the past, provided
signs (free of cost) to local jurisdictions. Recommend matching funds with State
EMD to secure two additional signs.
Implementation Time:
1 to 2 years
Implementation Cost:
The estimated cost per sign is $1200. A total of 4 signs will be
needed to provide adequate coverage of populated vulnerable areas. Total cost: $4800.
2010Update: Delayed due to lack of funding.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
3.Education & Outreach: Develop informational brochures to be placed at waterfront
businesses (e.g. ferry terminals, marinas, hotels) to educate and inform visitors and
tourists. Brochures should focus on being non-threatening and informative in nature.
The lead agency should be the Kitsap County Department of Emergency
Management in coordination with the Washington State Emergency Management
Division, Local Chambers of Commerce and Emergency Management Council.
Washington State Emergency Management Division currently offers an
informational tsunami brochure (free of cost) to the public. Recommend working
with State EMD to tailor existing brochure tolocal needs.
Implementation Time:
1 to 2 years
Implementation Cost:
The estimated cost per brochure is $1.50. A total of 500
brochures will be needed. Total cost: $1000.
2010 update: maintain this strategy as an ongoing project.
4. Hazard Mapping & Modeling: Contract with the Kitsap County GIS Department to create
a “Kitsap County Shorezone Inventory”, including a building footprint, for all lands within
1km of the shoreline. GIS staff should incorporate data gathered from ATC-21 Visual
Assessments to enhance detail for critical infrastructure elements. The “Kitsap County
Shorezone Inventory” should consist of a wide range of data to support future analyses
of earthquakes and tsunami hazards.
Lead agency for this strategy is Kitsap County GIS.
The NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) located at Sand
Point, Seattle, is actively developing tsunami models for Puget Sound. As model
results and data improve, Kitsap County should be prepared to compare these
data and results to existing local conditions. The “Kitsap County Shorezone
Inventory” is a logical step toward this goal.
Data access constraints at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard may result in
significant data gaps. Recommend initiating talks between Kitsap County GIS
staff and PSNS Security/IT staff to discuss data sharing possibilities.
Implementation Time:
1 to 5 years
Implementation Cost:
Kitsap County GIS Department staff will estimate the cost of this
project. Typically, costs are incurred for hardware, software, data and labor. In this
case, labor will be the greatest cost.
2010 update: GIS has mapped our shorelines for a worstcase 25 foot tsunami
along any coastline of Kitsap. Data based on the geologic mapping is provided in
Tables VI-1 and VI-2.
5. Transportation: Incorporatebest available tsunami hazard mapping and modeling data
into future planning efforts for protecting and planning for critical transportation (lifelines
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
and infrastructure). Existing areas of concern include, but are not limited to: (1) the
Highway 3 / Highway 16 interchange at Gorst, (2) the Manette Bridge, and (3) Marine
Drive.
Lead agencies for this strategy would be the Public Works Departments in
cooperation with the Department of Emergency Management, Community
Development and GIS Departments, as appropriate. Additionally, the
Washington State Department of Transportation will play a key role.
The Kitsap County GIS Department should work with GIS staff at WSDOT to
identify key transportation lines that could be vulnerable to earthquakes and/or
tsunami (e.g. those in low-lying areas, or those that are not compliant with
current seismic codes).
Implementation Time:
1 to 5 years
Implementation Cost:
Primary costs will be incurred for labor provided by the Kitsap
County GIS and Public Works departments. Replacement costs and seismic upgrades
costs will be shared between Kitsap County and WSDOT.
6.Utilities:Design and implement a project to conduct geotechnical analyses of all utilities
within 50 feet in elevation from mean higher high water (MHHW). Project results should
include potential impacts from loss of service and plans to retrofit or replace vulnerable
system components.
Lead agencies for this effort should be the Public Works Departments in close
cooperation with the primary utility providers in the area (Bonneville Power
Association, Puget Sound Energy). Additionally, Kitsap County GIS Department
could assist in spatial analysis.
Until more accurate inundation data is available from NOAA, or other sources, 50
feet in elevation from mean higher high water (MHHW) is a reasonable threshold
for considering tsunami risk.
Project costs will be incurred by appropriate Kitsap County Departments. Retrofit
and/or replacement costs will be incurred by appropriate service provider.
Implementation Time:
1 to 5 years
Implementation Cost:
Not available at time of publication.
2010 update: All agencies are engaged in this strategy! We await transportation
maps/mapping
7. Debris / Hazardous Materials:Conduct a tabletop exercise to simulate a large-scale
debris removal effort associated with a significant earthquake-tsunami event to assess
the current state of readiness to respond to such a need.
Lead agency for this strategy should be the Public Works Departments and
Department of Emergency Management in cooperation with WSDOT and other
applicable organizations (e.g. contractors).
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
This exercise should consider the involvement of individuals outside of the local
jurisdictions for the purposes of mutual aid and resource allocation discussions.
Exercise should have a strong focus on the presence of hazardous materials on
both land and water, and test the effects this would have on debris removal.
Implementation Time:
1 to 2 years
Implementation Cost:
Primary costs will be incurred in the design of the exercise, and
perhaps travel costs for participants. Total cost: $5000.
2010 update: In Development for 2014.
8.Planning & Infrastructure:Initiate a collaborative planning effort between County / City
planners, State Government, and local citizens to review and revise existing zoning and
land use designations to ensure future construction is sustainable.
Lead agencies and private groups for this strategy would include the Board of
County Commissioners and Mayors through the Emergency Management
Council, Housing Authority, Local Chambers of Commerce, Department of
Emergency Management, City/County Public Works Departments, at-risk
population service agencies and volunteer organizations.
If no established building codes are currently adopted, consider expanding
project to redefine the standards for new waterfront construction.
The Kitsap County GIS Department should be contracted to provide the Best
Available Science in compliance with the WashingtonState Growth Management
Act.
Tribal Nations have sovereignty from County land use requirements. Tribal
Nations will need to work on identification and mitigation measures on Tribal
lands when grant funding/personnel are available.
Implementation Time:
1 to 4 years
Implementation Cost:
Not available at time of publication.
2010 update: CompleteOrdinances are in place to protect the public from building
“too close to the water” with 100 feet setbacks.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit VI-1: Potential Tsunami InundationZone showing the Cities of Bremerton and Port
Orchard. Yellow line is 10 Ft Elevation and Red 25 Ft Elevation
Kitsap County GIS2011
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit VI-2: Potential Tsunami Inundation Zone showing Eagle Harbor in the City of Bainbridge
Island.Yellow line is 10 Ft Elevation and Red 25 Ft Elevation
Kitsap County GIS2011
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
JurisdictionTotal Population in % Population Affected
PopulationHazard Areaby Hazard
Jurisdiction
Unincorporated
164,59511,4787.0
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
22,010371417
Island
Bremerton
37,72922145.8
Port Orchard
11,1445825.2
Poulsbo
9,2003453.7
Port Madison
560079514.2
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
1200121.0
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals(Kitsap)258,27819,1407.4%
TableVI-1: Population by Jurisdiction affected byTsunamis
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
JurisdictionTotal Building % Building Total Total % Critical
Building Stock in Stock in Critical Critical Facilities in
StockHazard Hazard AreaFacilities Facilities in Hazard Area
AreaJurisdictionHazard AreaJurisdiction
Unincorporated
87,98538264.3249124.8
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
12,63912389.78356.0
Island
Bremerton
13,6837395.46446.2
Port Orchard
6,7081942.93925.1
Poulsbo
3,5161153.36634.5
Port Madison
4,5792655.9711.4
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
27041.5500
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals (Kitsap) 129,38063774.9%275.2
513
TableVI-2: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by Tsunamis
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAT VII:TERRORISM AND CIVIL DISORDER MITIGATION STRATEGIES
LEAD AGENCIES
Kitsap County Emergency Management Council
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
Kitsap County Terrorism Planning Committee
Kitsap County Law Enforcement Agencies
Kitsap County Fire Agencies
Kitsap County Health District
SUPPORT AGENCIES
City/County Departments
City/County Organizations
HAZARD
Terrorism involves any despicable act directed against government, business or society in
general which is meant to cause death or injury, destroy property or disrupt normal agency or
business functions. It comprises a political effort to oppose the status quo by inducing fear in the
civilian population through the widespread and publicized use of violence, including murder,
injury, and destruction. The FBI defines terrorism as “the unlawful use of force or violence
against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government; the civilian population; of any
segment of it, in furtherance of political or social objectives.”
Kitsap County does have five military installations with highly protective military assets
associated with the U.S. Strategic Deterrent Doctrines. As such, there is a potential for a
terrorist act as well as attacked on military service personnel. Kitsap County doesnot have any
high profile facilities, monuments, or other nationally known sites considered a terrorist target.
The greatest fear is those attacks in public places from lone gunman(s). These events are
considered more likely than those associated with acts directed against the government or
Nation.
EFFECTS
The effects of terrorism include, but are not limited to death, injury and a feeling of fear and
helplessness in the general population. It can destroy property, lifelines and the basic social
fabric. On a large scale, it destroys major portions of a large city’s infrastructure creating physical
and economic hardship for some time in addition to the initial death and destruction. Long-term
psychological damage to a portion of the population is also possible.
HISTORY
Although Kitsap County has not experienced major civil disorders, we area community made up
of a very diverse population to include members of nationally recognizedmilitia organizations.
The events of 9/11 and the creation of the Department of Homeland Security have set in place a
framework of terrorism mitigation and extraordinary system of detection and prevention of
potential terrorism events. As such, Kitsap County has developed and executed a Homeland
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Security program and implemented numerousstrategic, tactical, and interoperable plans and
systems to mitigate and prevent terrorist attacks in Kitsap County. Todate, over $9million has
been spentin the Homeland Security Region 2 (Kitsap, Jefferson, and Clallam Counties) on
equipment, technology, processes, training and exercises to prepare for possible terrorist threats.
Terrorism is an all county threat and involves all facilities and all citizens in the County as noted in
Exhibit VII-1 and VII-2 which define building stock and population affected by this hazard.
VULNERABILITY
On September 11, 2001, the entire nation was initiated into the world of international terrorism.
The nation watched in horror the televised attacks and the frantic search and recovery
operations at the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and in a rural field in
Pennsylvania. This event turned our attention from domestic to international terrorism.
Terrorist groups are constantly emerging. Copy groups taking their cues from other notorious
groups such as Al Qaeda would not hesitate to utilize chemical and biological materials. Recent
incidents such as the spread of anthrax through the mail system create events that will receive
national as well as international attention.
Other possible scenarios besides chemical and biological include nuclear threat, most likely the
detonation of a “dirty bomb” –a device using a conventional explosive packaged with
radioactive material. Its primary destructive power is creating panic and fear. Explosive
incidents account for 70 percent of all terrorist attacks worldwide. Bombs are terrorist’s weapon
of choice. Cyber-terrorism is a relatively new phenomenon used to potentially disrupt our
society and exploit our increasing reliance on computers and telecommunication networks. As a
result of these hazards, the United States government has implemented counter-terrorism
measures to help secure the safety of this nation and its citizens. A vulnerability assessment
has been done for every county in Washington aswell as the rest of the nation. As home to
important military installations and our close proximity to Seattle’s economic, financial, and
population centers, Kitsap County’s vulnerability to the effects of terrorism is substantial.
CONCLUSIONS
A terrorism event could occur in Kitsap County. This could be anything from a bomb threat at a
local school to an attack on a military base. Law enforcement, as well as citizens, should be
aware of this possibility and be alert for instances of suspicious activity.Terrorism is an all county
threat and involves all facilities and all citizens in the County as noted in TablesVII-1 and VII-2
which define building stock and population affected by this hazard.
Usually, the plans and systems developed for other hazards serve as templates for developing
a comprehensive counter-terrorism program. Hazardous material emergency response plans
and procedures are helpful in this arena. First responders must remember they are targets and
that proactive steps need to be taken to protect the crime scene and the evidence. Just like
preparedness issues with all potential sources of disaster, public education is needed to help
the citizens of our county recognize the threat.
One program instituted under the Department of Homeland Security is the Critical Infrastructure
Protection Program. This program identifies facilities and critical infrastructure and assigns each
a consequence level based on a variety of questions involving vulnerability, affects on the public
or property, and interest as a terrorist target. Each community was encouraged to establish
their own criteria as well as the criteria establish by HLS for other facilities not identified by the
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-63
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
State of Washington. Based on the results, most targetsin Kitsap were considered medium or
low. High profile facilities were evaluated by Washington State or the Federal Government and
the information was provided to Local Emergency Management.
In addition, one medium profile facility is Kitsap Transit. As such and with available HLS
funding, Kitsap Transit is currently involved in a Buffer Zone Protection Program designed to
mitigate potential threats.
Finally, over the years, Kitsap has been actively involved in Washington State’s Rapid
Responder to map and develop tactical decisionsof all schools and some public facilities in
Kitsap County. This program allows school officials, law and fire personnel to evaluate schools
forpotential emergency events and develop procedures for mitigation, response and recovery.
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
Medium -
Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to
intimidate or coerce government or civilian populations in furtherance of political or social
objectives. While it is, generally, assumed thatterrorist incidents will occur in large cities, it
should be recognized that smaller communities and targets might be used as “test sites” for a
future strike at a large city. In addition, even the most remote areas may find themselves to be
the locationfor terrorists planning strikes and for the manufacturing of weapons.
A terrorist attack can take several forms depending on the technological means available to the
terrorist, the nature of the political issue motivating the attack, and the points of weakness of the
terrorist’s target. Bombings are the most frequently used terrorist method in the United States.
With this increase in terrorist activities within the past few years, it could be conceivable that a
domestic or international terrorist attack could happen in Kitsap County. There is no known
record or documentation of terrorist activities within Kitsap County. However, the recent capture
of known terrorist Hamad Rasam shows that terrorism in the Pacific Northwest is becoming a
real danger.There is always a threat to military installations, and as a partner in this community
has trained and exercise with the localsto prepare for such an occurrence. In the past 10 years
military bases have instituted numerous security programs to ward off potential threats.
Included in these programs areupgrades to Emergency Operation Centers and increases in
professional emergency managers.
The terrorism threat is not only attacks from large, organized elements like Al Qaeda, but may
come from small groups or individuals that meet the criteria cited above. These may be local or
regional groups or individuals.
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Design and implement a community-wide first responder and citizens program including
prevention, property protection, public education and awareness, emergency services,
and structural project activities.
The lead agency for the coordination of terrorism planning and homeland security
issues would be the Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management with
support from all law, fire, and health agencies in Kitsap County.
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Kitsap County Terrorism Planning Committee identifies all priorities for response
for both training and equipment needs.
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management is the lead coordinating
agency for Region 2 Homeland Security District. Through the U.S. Department
of Homeland Security, funds have become available to train and equip first
responders to respond to acts of terrorism.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
No estimate is available for the total cost of preparing for acts of
terrorism. However, through Kitsap County Terrorism Planning Committee, training and
equipment needs have been identified and federal funding is available to assist in
preparing first response agencies.
2010 update: Emergency Management has been working on this program/strategy
for many years. Terrorism is discussed in all presentations.
The Terrorism Plan is reviewed and updated annually as well as numerous
committees meet to discuss interoperability initiatives, HLS equipment initiatives,
training and exercise, and National Incident Management (NIMS) Compliance. One
example is Interoperable Communications, essential to response coordination.
Exhibit VII-1 shows the framework for HLS Region 2’s interoperable
communications plan used to identify systems and processes to improve
coordination among various agencies. Over the last five years, Kitsap County has
been involved in numerous federal, state and local programs to train and exercise
responders and provide information to the public on being vigilant about
terrorism. Because of the numerous military installations, Kitsap participates in
multi-million dollar exercises regarding radiological and terrorist events. As such,
the military installations collaborate and exercise with the local on numerous
disaster exercises including all of the hazards mentioned in this section. This
cooperation provides an ongoing successful program of working together and
minimizing the effects of these hazards on Kitsap County.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit VII-1: Homeland Security Region 2 Interoperable Communications Framework
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
JurisdictionTotal Population in % Population Affected
PopulationHazard Area by Hazard
(Approx.)Jurisdiction
Unincorporated
164,595164,595100
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
22,01022,010100
Island
Bremerton
37,72937,729100
Port Orchard
11,14411,144100
Poulsbo9,2009,200100
Port Madison
56005600100
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
12001200100
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals258,278258,278100%
Table VII-1: Population by Jurisdiction affected by Terrorism
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
JurisdictionTotal Building % Building Total Total % Critical
Building Stock in Stock in Critical Critical Facilities in
StockHazard Hazard AreaFacilities Facilities in Hazard Area
AreaJurisdictionHazard AreaJurisdiction
Unincorporated
87,98587,985100249249100
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
12,63912,6391008383100
Island
Bremerton
13,68313,6831006464100
Port Orchard
6,7086,7081003939100
Poulsbo
3,5163,5161006666100
Port Madison
4,5794,57910077100
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
27027010055100
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals (Kitsap)129,380129,380100%100%
513513
TableVII-2: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by Terrorism
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAT VIII: MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGIES
LEAD AGENCIES
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
City/County Public Works Departments
SUPPORT AGENCIES
Kitsap Transit
Washington State Ferry System
Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT)
Tribal Nations
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
Medium-
Kitsap County, like most communities in the United States, began using an “all
hazards” planning approach verses planning for one specific hazard during the late 80’s. The
rationale for this was very simple;most natural hazards have common denominators; road,
closures, transportation issues, chain of command, and other issues that, once resolved, can
then transcend to all hazards. This “all hazards” planning approach has been used throughout
the mitigation planning process.
Based upon historical data, the future probable severity for all hazards is high. Both natural and
technological hazards will impact Kitsap County and will continue to transcend all hazards thus
the need to plan for a multi-hazard approach.
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Examine potential road closures related to all risks. Compile a plan that identifies
alternate access areas in cooperation with Stateand community officials. Several Local,
State and possibly Federal resources are currently conducting or have already
completed this type of study. It is recommended that a Local task force be formed to
bring all of the information developed under one comprehensive all-risk road plan.
The Public Works Departments and the Department of Emergency Management
would share as the lead agencies responsible for this strategy. The Task Force
needs to include the transit system, fire, Tribal Nations, WashingtonState Ferry
System, state, county and city law enforcement and members of the regional
task force as needed.
This ongoing project needs to be elevated to State and Local task force level.
It is recommended that an intern position be developed to follow-up on and
consolidate alternate route plans for road closures that currently exist.
Implementation Time:
1 to 9 years
Implementation Cost:
Intern fees, office and support costs estimated at $56,000.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2010 update: Both Kitsap Transit and Emergency Management have worked
closely onthis project/strategy. By 2013a transportation plan should be in place.
In the interim, Kitsap County has been significantly involved in the last 3 years
with the Puget Sound Regional Catastrophic Planning. As part of this plan, Kitsap
and the planning committee have evaluated critical and vulnerable roads in Kitsap
County and identified solutions or alternate routes in the case of a catastrophic
event.
2.Study and identify areas of geographical/geological influence affecting identified critical
area hazards. Add identified areas of influence to critical areas geographic identification
as part of the problems to be addressed. (Determine what the science is to identify areas
of influence.) This strategy is to be done in coordination with the land shift areas of
influence Hazard Mitigation Strategy.
Note:
It is recommended that consideration be given to make this a MULTI HAZARD
demonstration grant project through FEMA.
3.Areas of Impact Mitigation Strategy: Study non-traditional areas of impact such as:
Pre-identified critical areas that require monitoring and potential areas of
influence near and adjoining these risk areas.
Identify single lot property owners who are in an area of influence to an adjoining
critical riskarea and determine what effects, if any, usage of the adjoining areas
of influence have on the critical risk area.
The lead agencies would be the Public Work Departments and the Community
Development Departments.
Local funds recommended from future budget appropriations with potential grant
application from mitigation sources.
Identify infrastructure improvements for specific critical risk areas and identify the
level of risk for which these improvements will be effective.
Funding sources would be a combination of Local funds and State and Federal
matching grants.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
$50,000 is estimated to be the project development cost to
identify implementation costs and write the FEMA Demonstration Grant Proposal.
Note: This is another mitigation strategy that would require strong participation
from a regional GIS.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAT IX: MULTI-HAZARD PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAMS MITIGATION
STRATEGIES
LEAD AGENCIES
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
Kitsap County Fire/Law Agencies
City/County Public Works Departments
Kitsap County Citizen Corps Council
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
High –
Winter storms, earthquakes, technological incidents, and other emergencies have and
will continue to impactKitsap County in a number of ways. Historically, the first response for
emergencies has been through the citizens in the affected community. It has been proven, that
if the citizens are prepared to care for themselves during the recommended three-day period,
the less likely a response will be required by the American Red Cross and other response
agencies. Giving the citizens the knowledge and understanding of how they can prepare for a
disaster will enable them to provide for themselves, which allows the first responders to manage
the more devastating effects of an emergency and to respond to and recover from the event
more quickly.
Based upon historical data, the future probable severity for all hazards in the County is high.
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Enhance and support Public Education Programs including citizen involvement. The
program would center on a study of specific risk areas to assist in the identification of
risk factors and mitigation strategies for citizen implementation in their specific areas;
and further, to make recommendations on retroactive and future mitigation practices to
implement in risk areas.
The lead agencies for this strategy will be the Public Works Departments, the
Community Development Departments, the Department of Emergency
Management, and fire and law agencies.
Develop a Kitsap County Citizens Corps Council to assist in the promotion of
public education and volunteerism.
Use Existing public education funds coupled with unidentified State and Federal
dollars for public education programs.
Implementation Time:
1 to 9 years
Implementation Cost:
$75,000 annually with staff time to be shared with the next
strategy.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2010 update: This is now an ongoing project for Emergency Management and has
been embedded in all public education programs!
2.Examine and support ongoing programs witha multi-jurisdictional approach for public
education, public awareness and the promotion of public participation. Specific Hazard
Mitigation Public Education recommendations are detailed in the following strategies:
Implement programs that usePublic Education for Hazard Mitigation and
emergency preparedness methods. This recommendation emphasizes the
continuing support for the programs that exist and the development of further
opportunities. It is recommended thatthese programs provide contentguidance
for both 3-day and 14-day preparedness kits and individual and community
preparedness training.
It is recommended that business and family emergency communication and
preparedness plans beincluded in flyers available to the public.
Work to develop additional preparedness education programs targeted towards
Local business preparedness including how to stay in business without power for
3 days.
The lead agency would be the Department of Emergency Management.
Funding would come from existing public education funds and unidentified funds
including State and Federal grant dollars.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
Share the above $78,000 identified staff time with an additional
$50,000 in support and printed materials annually.
Note:
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management currently has a nationally
recognized Public Education Program and this recommendation is for the continued
support and funding of the program with planned future growth. In a survey conducted
in aJune 2004 Public Survey conductedby KitsapCounty, the following statement
characterized Emergency Preparedness:
“At least two out of three residents feel Kitsap County is somewhat prepared or very prepared to
deal with natural disasters. Residents who have had greater exposure and experience with
County services and amenities tend to indicate the County is more prepared to deal with natural
disasters.
Approximately one in two residents reports they have a designated emergency kit. Of those, four
out of five say their kit provides at least three days of food, water, first aid, clothing and other
emergency supplies for everyone in the household.”
3.Develop a Critical Risk Areas Educational Program including expanding current
programs where appropriate to include:
Assure an availability of accurate maps and information defining critical areas to
the public and private sector.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Use advertisements to identify critical areas for the public to include mitigation
strategies that individuals and businesses can implement.
Include lenders and insurance agents' cooperation and participation in the
educational process.
Lead agency would be the Department of Emergency Management in
cooperation and coordination with Local Chambers of Commerce.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
Use existing public education funds. Future funding resources to
be identified.
2010 update: Maintain this strategy
4.Use public education programs and meetings, including Public Access Television, to
provide methods to identify and mitigate erosion area problems. Use Public Access
Television to educate property owners and renters, both commercial and residential, on
the definition and identification of erosion and land-shift problems and identify mitigation
measures for protection of private property.
The lead agency would be Local Conservation Districts in coordination with the
Community Development Departments.
Funding recommendations are for State and Federal support funds.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
Estimated to be $78,000 annually.
2010 update: Delay due to lack of funding
5.Implement a public education program to alert the public on the dangers of and steps to
reduce the risk of landslides on private property. Identify and implement public education
programs on seismic safety and strengthening for homes, public spaces, schools, and
businesses.
The lead agency for this program will be the Department of Emergency
Management.
This strategy is an ongoing project and it is recommended that both Local
government budget funding and Federal funds be used to more fully implement
the program.
Recommendation: That the Department of Emergency Management take the lead to
coordinate with all Regional Public Education Programs. This coordination would be to
share resources and information on a regional basis and to integration public education
program information where possible.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Implementation Cost:
Specific costs have not been identified at this time for additional
time and materials.
2010 update: Maintain this strategy but it is now an ongoing project within
Emergency Management.
In the past five years, Kitsap County and its jurisdictions have made great strides in
increasing public awareness of hazards and how they can mitigate and prepare for these
events. Such programs are common place and provided to citizens through various
public campaigns or on agency websites.Here are some examples:
Kitsap Public Health initiative to minimize the effects of pandemics. For example,
HINI scare in 2010.
Kitsap County and City Public Works programs to promote programs to reduce
hazardous materials spills and reporting to local officials.
Kitsap County and City Public Works programs to provide public information
regarding storm water systems and how the public can help mitigate rainfall
runoff during winter storms.
Kitsap County and City Community Development programs to provide
information to the public about flood prone areas, land use, and a variety of other
information through GISprograms and databases.
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management educational programs for
earthquake mitigation for schools, businesses and citizens of Kitsap County. A
list of these programs isoutlined in ExhibitVII-1.
All these programs and others by a variety of different jurisdictions and agencies
constitute an ongoing commitment to public education and awareness a foundation for
mitigationof hazards in the County.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Exhibit VII-1. Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management (DEM) Public
Education and Outreach Programs
The following is a list and description of programs developed since the adoption of the Mitigation
Plan in 2004.
“Bolt It,BraceIt – Do it” Program.
Designed to teach local citizens and contractors how to
assess building structures for earthquake retrofitting and conduct the required modifications.
This is a partnership program with the Homebuilders Association, Olympic Peninsula Chapter of
International Code Council, and Simpson Strong-Tie.
Map Your Neighborhood Program.
Designed to provide mitigation and preparedness
information and training to neighborhood groups. The program is used to identify key resources
in neighbor and the essential for training and exercising personnel in disaster preparedness. To
date, Kitsap DEM have mapped approximately 200neighborhoods in Kitsap County with
several awarded the “Disaster Ready” for meeting all the criteria for preparedness.
Community Emergency Response Team (CERT).
Thisnationally recognized CERT program
was added in 2012 to promote community awareness and participation. This program provides
a10 week training program to develop community specific CERT teams.
KREP School PreparednessProgram.
Ongoing program to train school teachers and staff to
respond to a myriadof hazards associated with schools. Response teams are developed for
hazard response, but the program also includes emergency preparedness for students. All
public school districts and some private schools have been part of this program.
Alert and Warning Program.
Using purchased software, Kitsap County DEM allows citizens to
sign up for the “Alert and Warning Program to receive alerts, tips, and instructions on hazardous
events in Kitsap.
Public Media Programs.
Kitsap DEM has a very robust website at www.kitsapdem.orgfor
continued public mitigation, preparedness and response information. Additionally, Facebook
and Twitter accounts have been established and useful obtaining information on threats and
hazards in Kitsap.
Business Preparedness Programs.
A recently new program to support mitigation and
preparedness for local governments, districts, and businesses in Kitsap. This program teaches
mitigation to include evaluating structures for earthquake mitigation, providing employee training
in emergency response, and individual/home preparedness information.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-75
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAT X: FIRE MITIGATION STRATEGIES
LEAD AGENCIES
Kitsap County FireMarshall
Kitsap County Fire Agencies
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
HAZARD
Forest fires and urban interface fires are possible in Kitsap County. Sources of ignition include
lightning, arson, recreational activities, debris burning by individuals or logging companies and
carelessness with fireworks.Individuals cause about 80% of forest fires with about 20%
attributed to natural causes.
EFFECTS
With much of the County in various stages of forestation, nearly all areas are vulnerable tofire.
Many individual homes and developments border forestland. Drought conditions often increase
the fire danger in early fall. Recent history of fires in the County indicate that most were human-
caused and extinguished before major damage occurred.
Forest products help sustain the Kitsap County economy. Forest fires would result in the loss
of timber resources, wild life habitats, watersheds and recreational areas as well as increased
vulnerability to flooding and landslides.
HISTORY
It is difficult to trace the fire history of this area back more than 350 years. However, old-growth
trees and fire scars suggest fires about 450, 480, 540, and 670 years ago. Historically, wildland
fires were not considered a hazard. Fire is a normal part of most forest and range ecosystems.
Fires historically burned on a fairly regular cycle.There have been no Presidential Disaster
Declarations due to fires in Kitsap County.
The burning cycle in western Washington appears to be about every 100 – 150 years. A
preponderance of evidence, however, has been obliterated by logging, major windstorms that
toppled older trees, and more recent fires in the area. Recorded history of fires in the area
however indicatesKitsap County has had an active history of fires. As communities expand
farther and farther into forested lands, and the desire to maintain the wilderness ambiance,
interface fires are becoming a significant hazard, having the potential for loss of life and
destruction of property.
VULNERABILITY
Kitsap County's forests will remain vulnerable to forest and wild land fires. The probability of
forest and wild land fires will continually change depending on variables such as drought effects,
lightning strikes, careless campers, etc.Although, it is safe to say, thatvulnerability is seasonal
and increased vigilance and public awareness can help to mitigate potential fire threats.We
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
consider all of Kitsap in the hazard area as any fire can become uncontrollable under certain
conditions and swiftly move through forested areas if not contained. As such Tables X-1and X-
2 summarizesthe population and building stock affected by this hazard.
CONCLUSIONS
The following steps should be accomplished to preclude major loss of life and reduce the actual
number of fires and hazard areas:
1.Since the vast majority of forest and wild land fires are started by humans, fire
prevention education and enforcement programs can significantly reduce the total
number of forest fires.
2.An effective early fire detection program and emergency communications system are
essential. The importance of immediately reporting any forest fire must be impressed
upon local residents and people utilizing the forest areas.
3.An effective warning system is essential to notify local inhabitants and visitors in the area
of the fire. An evacuation plan detailing primary and alternative escape routes is also
essential.
4.Fire-safe development planning by County and City government planners is essential..
5.Encourage citizens to incorporate defensible space planning when landscaping their
property.
6.Road criteria should ensure adequate escape routes for new sections of development in
forest areas with both ingress and egress planned.
7.Road closures should be increased during peak fire periods to reduce the access to fire
prone areas.
8.Kitsap County should consider adopting the 1997 Urban-Wildland Interface Code as part
of its wildfire protection program. Phyllis, how can we determine if this has been done?
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
Medium
- There is always a risk of fire due to natural causes, carelessness, or arson but there
has been no historical precedent for wildfires threatening the County. Small scale brush fire
occur form time to time but they rarely have any meaningful impact like wildfires in Western
Washington. Kitsap County Fire Districts as well as the State Mobilization system has been
effective in containing brush fires before they threaten building stock in the County.
The potential for future damages is estimated by extrapolating datafrom pastevents. Future
damages are expected to be very similar to past damages, withannual losses due to wildfire
ranging in only the hundred’s of dollars. As the urban, rural interface enlarges with continued
urban growth the County may see an increased fire risk to structures in those areas.
Based upon historical data and the geological conditions which exist in the region, the future
probable severity for fires in the region is medium.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Identify Urban Wild Land Fire interface problem areas including the development of an
urban fire risk map. This project would be dependent upon a Regional GIS program for
mapping components.
Study urban fire issues including development of recommendations for requiring fire
retardant building materials and sprinklers where possible.
The lead-coordinating agencies will be the Kitsap County Fire Marshall, Department
of Emergency Management, and Local Fire Agencies and will include the water
purveyors, Tribal Nations, Department of Natural Resources and Public Works
Departments, where appropriate.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
These costs have not been identified at this time but they would
include additional working staff for the Fire Marshall's Office and Regional GISmapping
usage time.
2010 Update: Economic downturn has reduced staff and the ability to take on this
strategy. This will be reviewed at the next plan update.
2.Offer community-based loan programs or other identified incentives to replace combustible
roofing and to retrofit buildings with fire sprinkler systems.
2010 Update: This Strategy has been removed due to no future funding.
3.Increase and implement fire public education measures.
The County Fire Marshall’s Office, in coordination with Local Fire Agencies,
would take the lead in this program.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
Budget recommendations are for the use of existing funds
should the fire agencies determine if current personnel are sufficient. The Steering
Committee recommended a study be considered to determine if a Fire Public Educator
is needed on a regional basis.
2010 update:This is now an ongoing program
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Urban wildfires can be extremely hazardous if not contained causing loss of life and property.
Increasing public education on wild landfires and improving agency response will help to
minimize the spread of fires and reduce its effect.
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KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
JurisdictionTotal Population in % Population Affect
PopulationHazard Area
(Approx.)
Unincorporated
164,595164,595100
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
22,01022,010100
Island
Bremerton
37,72937,729100
Port Orchard
11,14411,144100
Poulsbo
9,2009,200100
Port Madison
56005600100
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
12001200100
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals258,278258,278100%
Table X-1:Population by Jurisdiction affected by Fires
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
JurisdictionTotal Building % Building Total Total % Critical
Building Stock in Stock in Critical Critical Facilities in
StockHazard Hazard AreaFacilities Facilities in Hazard Area
AreaHazard Area
Unincorporated
87,98587,985100249249100
Kitsap County
Bainbridge
12,63912,6391008383100
Island
Bremerton
13,68313,6831006464100
Port Orchard
6,7086,7081003939100
Poulsbo
3,5163,5161006666100
Port Madison
4,5794,57910077100
Suquamish
Reservation
Port Gamble
27027010055100
S’Klallam
Reservation
Totals
129,380129,380100%513513100%
Table X-2: Building Stock and Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction affected by Fires
Kitsap County GIS figures 2012
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REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 3-1
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
SECTION FOUR: Strategies &
Recommendations - PRIORITY TWO
Definition:
Strategies identified as less important than the Priority One rated strategies for
consideration and implementation. Priority Two rated strategies are suited to serve the
community's needs and may be considered in the future, should the opportunity arise and
funding becomesavailable.
CAT I: FLOOD MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Review and create a floodplain planning, management and over-site program to assure
compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) community-wide. The
lead agencies for are Community Development Departments and the Public Works
Departments.
Distribute National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) information in utility bills on
an annual basis prior to flood season. The program lead for this strategy would
require the National Flood Insurance Program to coordinate with the local utility
companies to provide and distribute the information. The Department of
Emergency Management would serve as the point of contact and coordination for
2010 Update: This strategy is ongoing
the NFIP. .
Provide expanded NFIP training for development and private property lenders
and insurance agents. The primary responsibility would be for the Federal
Emergency Management Agency and the NFIP to offer and coordinate a training
effort with the Department of Emergency Management to the local finance and
2010 Update: This strategy is ongoing
real estate groups and associations. .
Develop a plan to maintain an available supply of safety and emergency
preparedness supplies. Lead agencies responsible for coordinating supplies and
resource information on availability of supplies would be the Department of
Emergency Management in coordination with the Public Works Departments,
and the American Red Cross. The lead agency for sandbags would be the Public
2010 Update: This strategy is ongoing
Works Departments..
Streamline environmental compliance requirements for pre-flood prevention
activities. The lead agency would be the Community Development Departments.
2010 Update: This strategy is complete
.
2.
Pursue Federal Emergency Management Agency Disaster Housing/Home Repair
Program to include mitigation measures for the private sector for multi-hazard risks. The
lead agencies for this strategy would be the Department of Emergency Management and
2010 Update: No funding available,
the Community Development Departments.
Strategy will be removed
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 4-1
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
3.Provide a community-wide service to anchor mobile homes for qualifying citizens and
encourage private individuals to anchor their own mobile homes. Volunteer agencies
coordinated by local service organizations and the Department of Emergency
2010 Update:Most mobiles in the
Management would take the lead for this strategy.
county have been tide down per code.
4.Familiarize the community with the risks of “convergence zone” type of flooding. A
convergence zone is caused when low atmospheric pressure combines with severe
weather causing tidal overflow and watershed backup. The lead agencies would be the
Public Works Departments in coordination with the Department of Emergency
2010 Update: Now in Public Education materials.
Management.
5.Encourage businesses and citizens in historic flood areas to raise valuables out of
harms way. The Department of Emergency Management would be the lead agency.
2010 Update: Now in Public Education materials.
6.Conduct cost benefit analysis for flood buy out plan in areas where properties have had
2010 Update: Funding not available for analysis or property
multiple flood losses.
purchase.
CAT II: SEVERE STORMS MITIGATION STRATEGIES
NONE
CAT III: LAND SHIFT MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Land Shift General Mitigation Strategy: Identify and implement community-wide erosion
2010 Update: No funding available
control measures.
2.Utilize Public Access Television to include programming on how to define the problem
2010 Update: No funding
and how to mitigate and live with the effects of erosion.
available
3.The lead agencies would be the Health Districts and Community Development
Departments in coordination with the Public Works Departments.
CAT IV: EARTHQUAKE MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1. Assess community-wide utility infrastructure with regard to earthquake risk, including
public and private utilities (power and telephone systems).
Puget Sound Energy, Natural Gas Companies, City/County sewer and
stormwater systems, Public Utility Districts, Private Communications Businesses,
Water Purveyors, and Sewer Districts would be identified as the lead agencies or
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 4-2
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
businesses, where appropriate, in relation to the service provided, to implement
this strategy.
In some cases, private and public rate increases may be considered for
implementation of a proactive seismic safety program.
This program will need to be tied to, and be an active participant in, aregional
GIS Mapping Project.
Note
: The Kitsap Regional Coordinating Council (KRCC), in its current state, could not
support such a program. It is recommended an assessment be made to identify specific
recommendations that would accomplish the KRCC’s participation. An estimate of what
it would take to accomplish the KRCC participation is required.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years
Implementation Cost:
Estimates to be submitted by the private utility districts through
the KRCC, for further submission for possible funding e.g. Mitigation grants.
2. Incorporate information and recommendations on water system issues identified in
seismic studies into the Hazard Mitigation Plan.
Those studies are: Report Water System Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment for the
City of Bremerton: Dames and Moore Group Company Job No. 05793-007-004, March
1997. These reports are inclusive of: Dam Break Inundation Analysis and Down Stream
Hazard Classification, May 1996. (Prepared under contract to Dames & Moore by
WEScorp) and Washington State Department of Ecology Dam Safety Section,
Emergency Action Plan for the City of Bremerton Reservoir No. 4, May 1996.
City of Bremerton Public Works Department would be identified as the lead
agency for strategy implementation.
Funding for this project would need to include both State and Federal funding
resources and potential private funding where appropriate.
Implementation Time:
1 to 6 years
Implementation Cost
: $1,750,000 as per Dames & Moore Order of Magnitude Cost
estimate and the City of Bremerton 6-year CIP.
2010 update: Delayed due to lack of funding
CAT V: DROUGHT MITIGATION STRATEGIES
NONE
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 4-3
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAT VI: TSUNAMI MITIGATON STRATEGIES
1.Warning:
Warning times for tsunami within Puget Sound are significantly less (30 seconds
– 5 minutes) than warnings for the outer coast. This effort should not be
considered a long-term solution, but rather a means of providing the earliest
possible warning in the short-term.
Implementation Time:
1 to 3 years.
ImplementationCost:
One warning pole (including installation) has an estimated cost
of $40,000. It is recommended that 2 poles be placed: one pole in Dyes Inlet / Port
Washington Narrows, and one in Gorst. Total Cost: $100,000.
2010Update – The strategy to become part of NOAA’s Tsunami Warning System has
been removed. There is no fundingavailable.
CAT VIII: MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGIES
1.Expand real estate disclosure to include all hazards. Research into this issue to be
Has not started)
conducted by the Department of Emergency Management. (
2.Examine the feasibility of implementing building codes requiring underground utilities for
new development where possible. The lead agencies would be the Community
(need to delete no funding)
Development Departments.
CAT IX through X:
NONE
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 4-4
KITSAPCOUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
SECTION FIVE: Future Actions & Goals
I. SUMMARY
The Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan and Identified Hazard Mitigation Program Strategies
establish the framework within which the post disaster and day-to-day mitigation activities of the
community may be carried out on a prioritized and regional basis.
The Plan is based upon the experience of the region through the input of the Hazard Mitigation
and Recovery Team Steering Committee, the 2010 City and Special Purpose District Planning
Partners, the Department of Emergency Management and the input of the community.
The plan recognizes the varied conditions that exist and can be found throughout Kitsap
County. No single mitigation strategy will effectively meet the needs of all of the communities.
However, by embracing the regional coordinated approach and objectives found in this plan,
Kitsap County can take significant strides toward the efficient and effective use of its resources
to resolve and mitigate the community's identified hazards.
One ofthe most important accomplishments of the Hazard Mitigation planning project was the
process itself, where the participants shared information, resources, and methodologies –
community- wide, for the benefit of reducing or eliminating risk to Critical Areas.
II. FUTURE ACTIONS
KITSAP COUNTY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
The Kitsap County Emergency Management Council will review and adopt portions of or all of
the Hazard Mitigation Plan and Strategy Recommendations.
1.Each member of the Emergency Management Council will support, and bring back to
their individual political subdivisions, the recommendations adopted by the Council for
implementation and coordination on a regional basis.
2.The Council will review and adopt, as necessary, the work of the Hazard Mitigation
Steering Committee on an annual basis.
3.Each Special Purpose District Planning Partner will support, and bring back to their
individual agency, the recommendations adopted by the Council for implementation and
adoption by their Special Purpose District Board.
KITSAP COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING COMMITTEE
The Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee will meet annually to review the
progress made on the identification of resources and implementation of the Hazard Mitigation
strategies. It shall also seek input on future unidentified Hazard Mitigation programs and
strategies.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 5-1
KITSAPCOUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
1.Contact and work with each Hazard Mitigation Strategy's Lead Agency for an annual
progress report on funding and implementation of the programs recommended.
2.Submit an annual report to the Emergency Management Council through the
Department of Emergency Management on the status of the strategies adopted and
implemented.
3.Meet annually, with each political subdivision, to identify new Hazard Mitigation
strategies to be pursued on a regional basis and review the progress and
implementation of those programs already identified.
4.Meet annually with the Community-Wide Planning Team to review the progress of the
Hazard Mitigation program and bring forth community input on new strategies.
5.Coordinate with and support the Department of Emergency Management's efforts to
promote and identify resources and grant money for implementation of the
recommended Hazard Mitigation Strategies.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 5-2
KITSAPCOUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
III. LONG TERM GOALS AND STRATEGIES
Goal 1:
Eliminate or reduce the long-term risk to human life and property from identified
hazards.
Goal 2:
Aid both the private and public sectors in understanding the risks they may be
exposed to and finding mitigation strategies to reduce those risks.
Goal 3:
Avoid risk of exposure to identified hazards.
Goal 4:
Minimize the impacts of those risks when they cannot be avoided.
Goal 5:
Mitigate the impacts of damage as a result of identified hazards.
Goal 6:
Accomplish mitigationstrategies in such a way that negative environmental
impacts are minimized.
Goal 7:
Distill Local planning efforts and existing interagency group efforts into a
comprehensive set of recommendations for Kitsap County's long-term regional
mitigation strategy. Mitigation is most successful when it grows from Local and
regional planning activities.
Goal 8:
Provide a basis for funding priorities for the Hazard Mitigation Strategies
developed.
Goal 9:
Establish a framework and database that the County and its political subdivisions
may use to apply for State and Federal hazard mitigation grants.
Goal 10:
Establish an ongoing process to accomplish Hazard Mitigation Strategy
identification on an annual basis. To be effective, mitigation must be a continuing
activity.
Goal 11:
Establish a regional platform to enable the community to take advantage of
shared goals and resources and the availability of outside resources for
minimizing vulnerability analysis and critical area risks.
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 5-3
KITSAPCOUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
REVISED: DECEMBER 2012 5-4
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
APPENDIX A
A.1: Kitsap County Mitigation Planning Committee Meeting Records
Meeting Record01/07/2010 A.1.1
Meeting Record12/28/2009 A.1.2
Meeting Record12/17/2009 A.1.3
REVISED: DECEMER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
APPENDIX B
Participating Organizations’ Profilesand Public Notification and
Meeting Records
Cities
City of Bainbridge Island
City of Bremerton
City of Port Orchard
City of Poulsbo
Fire Districts
Bainbridge Island Fire District
Central Kitsap Fire & Rescue
Kitsap County Fire District #7
Kitsap County Fire District #18
North Kitsap Fire & Rescue
Governmental Organizations
Kitsap County
Kitsap County Consolidated Housing Authority
Kitsap County Health District
Kitsap Regional Library
Kitsap Transit
Suquamish Indian TribalCommunity
West Sound Utility District
Not-for-Profit Agencies
American Red Cross of King & Kitsap Counties
Holly Ridge Center
Kitsap Community Resources
Kitsap Mental Health Service
Peninsula Services
Ports
Port of Bremerton
Port of Kingston
School Districts
Bainbridge Island School District
Bremerton School District
Central Kitsap School District
North Kitsap School District
South Kitsap School District
Water Districts
Kitsap Public Utility District
Manchester Water District
North Perry Water District
Silverdale Water District
REVISED: DECEMER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
APPENDIX C
Hazard Mitigation Plan Maps
Map 1: Kitsap County Urbanized areas per 2010 Census,
Kitsap County GIS
Map 2: Kitsap County Watersheds,
Kitsap County GIS
Map 3: Kitsap County Surface Water,
Kitsap County GIS
REVISED: DECEMER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Map 1:Kitsap County Urbanized areas per 2010 Census
Kitsap County GIS and Community Development
REVISED: DECEMER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Map 2: Kitsap County Watersheds
Kitsap County GIS Mapping
REVISED: DECEMER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Map 3: Surface Water, Kitsap County, Wa.
Kitsap County GIS and Community Development
REVISED: DECEMER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
APPENDIX D
References and Resources
FEMA’s Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance under the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000-
Revision 2007
FEMA RiskMap Coastal Study 2010, FEMA
Kitsap County Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment 2008,Kitsap County
Department of Emergency Management, Bremerton, Wa.
Kitsap County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan 2010, Kitsap County Department
of Emergency Management, Bremerton, Wa.
Kitsap County GIS and Community Development Websites and Mapping Data, Kitsap County, Wa.
Landslides Triggered by the Winter 1996-97 Storms in the Puget Lowland, Washington(Online)
Rex L. Baum, Alan F. Chleboarad, and Robert L Schuster, Department of Interior and USGS,
1998
Landslides Mapped from LIDAR Imagery, Kitsap County, Washington, Jonathan P. McKenna,
david J. Lidke, and Jeffrey A. Coe, Department of Interior and USGS, 2008
National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System; A Local Guide to Saving Lives,
Preventing Property Damage, and Reducing the Cost of Flood Insurance, FEMA 573, FEMA.
National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating Systems,FEMA, October 2012
The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief Act of 1988
USGS Characterization and Numerical Simulation of the Groundwater Resources on the Kitsap
Peninsula, Kitsap, Mason, and Pierce Counties, Washington, USGS 9722-CWQ, 2012
Washington State Earthquake Scenario Catalog (Online) USGS
REVISED: DECEMER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
APPENDIX E
Critical Areas
Environmentally sensitiveareas, which include wetlands fish and
wildlife habitat conservation areas; geologically hazardous areas;
areas with a critical recharging effect on aquifers used for potable
water; and frequently flooded areas. Critical areas have measurable
characteristics which, when combined, create a value for or potential
risk to public health, safety and welfare.
Erosion
The process whereby the land surface is worn away by the action of
water, wind, ice or other processes, and by geologic events such as
gravitational creep or landslides.
Federal
Authorized under Section 404 of the Stafford Act. Provides funding
Emergency
for Hazard Mitigation projects that are cost-effective and comply with
Management
existing post-disaster mitigation programs and activities. These
Agency Hazard
projects cannot be funded through other programs to be eligible.
Mitigation Grant
Program
Floodplain
Areas inundated with water that are typically adjacent to streams,
rivers, lakes, and coastlines and are susceptible to strong winds.
Floodplain (100
Floodplains that have the potential to flood once every 100 years, or
Year)
that have a one percent chance of flooding equal to or in excess of
that in any given year.
Flood WayAn area of land immediately adjacent to a stream or riverchannel
that, in times of flooding, becomes an enlarged stream or river
channel and carries the floodwater with the highest velocity.
Hazard
Any action taken to reduce or permanently eliminate the long-term
Mitigation
risk to human life and property andthe environment posed by a
hazard.
Hazard
The plan resulting from a systematic evaluation of the nature and
Mitigation Plan
extent of vulnerabilities posed by a hazard present in society that
includes the strategies needed to minimize future vulnerability to
hazards.
Landslide Areas potentially subject to landslides, based on a combination of
Hazard Areas
geologic, topographic, and hydrologic factors. This includes areas
with any combination of bedrock, soil, slope, structure, and
hydrology.
LIDAR
Light Detection and Ranging Airborne Laser Mapping. LIDAR
compliments other remote sensing such as ortho-photography and
traditional topographic mapping. LIDAR is able to sense through
vegetation (remove the trees) and produce a map of the actual
topography.
Liquefaction
Liquefaction occurs in areas that have certain soils, which lack
REVISED: DECEMER 2012
KITSAP COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
cohesion and where the water table is close to the surface. Such
soils can lose shear strength and flow like a liquid even during
earthquakes originating beyond Kitsap County.
Riparian Zones
Areas typically consisting of vegetated corridors or areas adjacent to
streams, wetlands, lakes or tidewater and may include some uplands
depending on site conditions. Native vegetation in these areas is
considered to provide a natural barrier, which can prevent or
significantly reduce the amount of pollutants from reaching
waterbodies.
Seismic Hazard
Areas subject to severe risk of damage because of earthquake-
Areas
induced ground shaking, slope failure, settlement, soil liquefaction, or
surface faulting. Settlement can occur in areas with loose,
unconsolidated soil, which can either slide or suddenly drop when
shaken.
Wildfire Urban
Wildland vegetation and forest areas adjacent to or intermingled with
Interface
residential developments.
REVISED: DECEMER 2012
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
City of Bainbridge Island
Mitigation Plan Revision 2013
Jurisdiction-Specific Vulnerability Assessment and Mitigation
Strategies
Contact Information:
Douglas Schultz
City Manager
City of Bainbridge Island
280 Madison Ave North
Bainbridge Island, Wa.
(206) 842-2545
Attachments:
Appendix BI-1: City of Bainbridge Island Asset Profile
Appendix BI-2: Mitigation City Council Hearings and Public Notices
CityProfile
Overview
Bainbridge Island is located east of the main Kitsap peninsula, separated generally by Agate
Passage to the north; the main body of Puget Sound to the east; Rich Passage Inlet to the
south; and Port Orchard Bay to the west.Through island annexes in 1991, the City of Winslow,
2 miles square and a little of 3,000 residents grew to over 27 square miles and a population to
day of 23,290.
Bainbridge Island has state, county, and municipal parks in addition to shoreline access from
many city-owned road ends. There are golf courses, tennis courts, and youth play fields on the
Island.
Age and Population Distribution
Bainbridge Island has a diverse population of 23,290 (2010 census). A large group of
professionalstransit daily to downtown Seattle for employment. The island is characterized by
professional scientific employment, construction and education.
Table BI-1 shows the distribution of age on Bainbridge Island. Overall, the City’s population is
has a typical distribution with a slightly higher “baby boomer” group. There isa number of
senior/assist facilities on the island mostly located in the city’s urban center. The senior
population has grown consistent with national trends.
Exhibit BI-1 shows the population density for Bainbridge Island. The City is mostly rural with an
urban center (formerly the City of Winslow) located at the ferry landing.
BI-1
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
City of Bainbridge Island
Total23,025100%
Age 0-185,44923.7
Population Age
18-6212,51454.3
62-Older5,06222.0
(2010 Census)
Table BI-1Population by Age: Bainbridge Island
Exhibit BI-1 Population Density: Bainbridge Island
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
BI-2
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Geographical/Topographical Description
The City (Island) is characterized by an irregular coastline of approximately 45 miles with
numerous bays and inlets. The topography is generally of low rolling hills with several ridges
oriented mostly north to south at 250 to 300 feet elevation.
Bainbridge Island is surrounded by the waters of Puget Sound. There are numerous streams
and creeks in addition to Gazzam Lake, a year-round freshwater lake. Environmentally sensitive
areas on Bainbridge Island include wetlands, aquifer recharge areas, geologically hazardous
areas, continuous and seasonal streams and waters including the waters of Puget Sound, and
fish and wildlife habitat. There are over 170 documented wetlands, although more exist that are
unmapped.Exhibit BI-2 illustrates the topography of the island noting the rolling hills and valleys
of Bainbridge Island.
Exhibit BI-2 Topographical Map of Bainbridge Island
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
BI-3
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Land Use
Land uses on Bainbridge Island areprimarily residential with some commercial, light
manufacturing, recreation, agriculture, and open space.Median household income is
$98,608. Table BI-2 and BI-3 provide information on housing units on Bainbridge Island. As
noted in Table BI-3, a majority of theisland’s structures are recently building structures. Total
building stock is 12,639 with 83 critical facilities. Critical facilities are those identified by the City
as critical to emergency response and citizen safety. They are part of Kitsap County’s Damage
Assessment Program.
City of Bainbridge Island
Total10,584100%
Detached788377.5
Housing UnitsAttached245323.2
Mobile Homes2182.1
(2010 Census)Boat/RV30.2
Table BI-2Housing Units: City of Bainbridge Island
City of Bainbridge Island
TotalBuilt10,584100%
1990-Later4,25439.1
Housing Age 1950-19894,63727.7
1949-Earlier1,1541.1
(2010 Census)
Table BI-3Housing Age: City of Bainbridge Island
Business and Industry
The city is primarily residential with some commercial light Manufacturing, recreation, agriculture
and open space. The principle economic base is retail outlets/offices, Bainbridge Island School
District and light industry. As noted earlier, a significant number of citizens on theIsland
commute via ferry to Seattle daily.
Transportation, Communications, and Utilities
Bainbridge Island is served by the Washington State Ferries systems, which docks in the
downtown Winslow area. State Route 305 connects the ferry terminal with SR 3 in Poulsbo.In
addition, the Island has an extensive system of arterials, suburban, and local public streets.
Kitsap Transit operates a commuter system in the City which is coordinated with the ferry
schedule in addition to a dial-a-ride service. There are several designated transit stops in
Winslow, but for the rest of the island, transit stops are generally where riders flag down buses
on their routes.
The city is serviced by Puget Sound Energy and maintains it own sewer and water system.
The Agate Pass Bridge, build in the 1950’s is the only fixed transportation route to the island.
The island is not serviced by any other bridge and therefore must rely on maritime service
should the bridge be damaged in a disaster.
BI-4
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
City Infrastructure
There is a variety of difference types of building structureson Bainbridge Island. Most
Appendix B.1
structures are wood construction. shows the City’s capital asset profile.
Critical City Owned facilities include:
City Hall
Public Works Facilities
Police Station
Main Waste Water Treatment Facility
Fort Ward Waste Water Treatment Facility
Reservoir Facilities at High School Road and Knechtel and Grand
Well fields at the Head of the Bay, Fletcher Bay, High School Road, and
RockawayBeach.
History of Disasters
Bainbridge Island, through recent studies, shows historical signs of past earthquakes. The
island is obviously vulnerable to earthquakes, but also tsunamis and landslides. In 1996, a
landslide on the Rolling Bay Walk, pushed a home downa deep embankment killing the family
that occupied the home. Additional information on this event can be found in Section III: Land
CAT III Land Shifts. Table BI-4shows the history of events on Bainbridge Island. As noted in the
last 10 years, Bainbridge Island has been mostly affected by severe winter storms, but not
serious enough to require any federal assistance.
Event DateType of EventDeclaration?Declared Disaster?
Dec 2008Severe wind and rain LocalNo assistance
Dec 2007Severe wind and rainLocal, State, Yes
andFederal
Jan 2006Severe wind and rainLocalDid not meet PA threshold
Dec 2006Severe wind and rainLocalDid not meet PA Threshold
Oct 2003Severe wind and rainLocal, state, Local PA Threshold not met.
andFederalIA paid out
Jan2002Severe wind and rainLocal and State Only; presidential
Statedenied
Feb 2001Nisqually EarthquakeLocal,state, YES
and Federal
June 1997Rolling Bay mudslide LocalNo assistance
Dec 1996Severe rain and snow Local, State, Yes
runoff stormand Federal
Nov 1995Severe wind and rain Local, State, Local PA threshold not met
and Federal
Jan 1993Severe wind and rain Local, State No record on file
and Federal
Jan 1992Severe wind and rain LocalNo assistance
Dec 1990Severe wind and rain Local, State Yes
and Federal
BI-5
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Dec 1982Severe wind and rain LocalNo assistance
May 1965EarthquakeLocal, state, No record on file
and Federal
Oct 1962Severe wind and rain Local, state No record on file
and Federal
Table BI-4Emergency/Disaster History for Bainbridge Island
Mitigation Planning
Risk Assessment
Section III of this plan provides a thorough assessment of hazards associated with Kitsap
County and its incorporated cities. Although, each city is affected differently, risks significant to
the City of Bainbridge Island arefloods, earthquakes, land shifts, tsunamis, and winter storms.
Section III is a synopsis of the County and cities. This profile provides additional information
specific to Bainbridge Island.
Rating System
The rating system for Bainbridge Island is consistent with the general plan. A rating for each
hazard is defined ashigh, medium and low based on the information provided in Section II to
this plan. Additional ratings are applied for priority mitigation strategies and Cost analysis.
Overview
As noted earlier, the City of Bainbridge Islandhas a history of severe winter storms, land shifts,
and earthquakes. These vulnerabilities can cause serious damage and isolate the island should
the Agate Pass Bridge become impassable. Although other alternatives are possible, mitigation
strategies can provide improvement to the city infrastructure and minimize the loss of life from
such events.Major east/west faultlinesin the Puget Sound Region intercept the southern end
of the Island. Bainbridge Island is alsovulnerable to potential inland and ocean tsunamis
depending on the earthquake magnitude and location.The City of Bainbridge Island contributes
and usesthe County Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment (HIVA) to set priorities
on natural hazardous events. Althoughannuallythe City is hit by severe winter storms, the
greatest threat to Bainbridge Island is an earthquake and potentially associated tsunami. This
catastrophic event possibly along the Seattle fault would cause significant damageto the island
and possibly isolate the Cityfrom the mainland.
Planning Process
As noted in the basic HMP Plan Update, the City of Bainbridge Island assigned personnel to the
mitigation plan update and through the planning update process, were assigned to the Kitsap
HMP planning committee. Additionally the City solicited for inputs from City Departments, City
Council, and the citizens of Bainbridge Island.The city conducted a notice of public hearing and
review of the HMP for the City as noted in the attachments.
Every effort should be afforded to incorporate mitigation strategies into city ordnances and plans
where appropriate. The mitigation plan and its strategies should be reviewed when other plans
are up for revision. As noted below, each plan provides mitigation strategies for capital
improvement and land use.
BI-6
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Plans and Ordinances
In an effort to maximize hazard mitigation planning, the following city plans are use to support
and mandate mitigation efforts throughout the city:
1. Comprehensive Land Use Plan
The plan guides the growth and long range vision of the community towards it’s 5 overriding
principals listed below.
Preserve the special character of the Island;
Protect fragile water resources;
Foster diversity;
Consider costs and benefits to property owners when making land use decisions;
Promote sustainable development.
The Comprehensive Plan also includes a Land Use Map linked to the land use and
environmental policies that establishes areas of the City for residential, commercial, industrial
and other land uses.
2. Zoning Ordinances
Changes and updates to Zoning Ordinances is the responsibility of Planning and Community
Development. It’s mission to coordinate and manage land use activity.Mitigates again building
in hazardous locations
3Critical Areas Ordinances (includes flood damage prevention and geologically
.
hazardous areas provisions).
This ordinance defines critical areas (wet lands, areas of critical recharging effect on aquifers
used for water, fish and wildlife habit.) as required by the Growth Management Act. This
ordinance regulates, protects and defines these Areas under Bainbridge Island Municipal Code
Section 16.20. it prohibits developmentsin ecologicalsensitive areas or adjacent to sensitive
areas that may be affected by hazards from those sites.
4.Capital Facilities Plan
This 6 year plan identifies and prioritizes Parks,Opens Spaces and Shoreline Improvements
and mitigation between 2009 and 2014. It is part of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan required
by the Growth Management Act.Effective use of lands to mitigate developments in flood zones
and areas associated with natural or man made hazards.
5.Surface and Storm Water Management Plan and Ordinance
The SSWMP divides the duties and responsibilities into four areas Regulatory Program
Activities, Local Storm Water Activities, Program Overhead & CID and Equipment and Technical
Memos. This 5 year Plan defines staffing, funding and mitigation goals.Mitigates run off from
roads and potential damage from winter-storm or flooding. Mitigates run off of hazardous
materials into ecological sensitive systems.
6.International Building and Fire Codes
Establish codes and regulations for building structures for safe occupancy. Mitigatesagainst
accidentsand natural or man-made causes.
BI-7
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
7.Bainbridge Island Municipal Code
These plans and policies regulate the infrastructure, environment and building codes for the City
of Bainbridge Islands. The city follows these codes to mitigate potential damage during
catastrophic events.Mitigate seismic events andother hazardsthrough building structures to
withstand or minimize the effects of these hazards.
Mitigation Goals and Strategies
2012 Mitigation Goals
The following goals have been defined by the City of Bainbridge Island and are consistent with
those in the basic HMP update.
Goal 1: Eliminate or reduce the long-term riskto human life and property from identified
hazards.
Goal 2: Aid both the private and public sectors in understanding the risks they may be exposed
to and finding mitigation strategies to reduce those risks.
These goals are applied to each of the hazardcategories noted below with associated
strategies for 2012.
The Table below provides updates to strategies outlined in the HMP 2004. Strategies may have
been dropped due to lack of funding or resolved.The following categories includeunresolved
strategies from 2004 or new 2012 strategies.For priority purposes, the strategies listed in each
category are done so in order of importance.
CategoryStrategyProbability of ImplementRemarks/Status
Occurrenceation time
IIInspect and identify HighOngoingOngoing strategy.
trees and other object Significant improvements
that can pose a hazard have been made with city
during a stormfunds
IVPursue seismic HighOngoingSome improvements. HMP
upgrades to equipment, funds may be sought for high
infrastructure, and end projects
critical facilities
IXAid both the private and HighOngoingBainbridge has extensively
public sectors in provided disaster
understandingthe risks preparedness to citizens and
they may be exposed to businesses throughout the
and fund programs to island, although ongoing
mitigate.commitment may require
funds to amplify the program
BI-8
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Hazard Assessments Bainbridge Island
Category I: Flooding
Probability of Occurrence: Medium
Bainbridge Island is prone to some flooding, mostly due to significant rainfall. The Island does
not have any significant rivers or streams(Exhibit BI-4), but does have rolling hills and lowlands
susceptible to urban flooding. Comprehensive land management has helped in years to reduce
urban flooding. Changes to the National Flood Insurance Program and coastal studies noted in
Section III are defining changes to shoreline management aiding building codes and
regulations. Exhibits BI-3shows areas susceptible to flooding. Some areas are coastal, but all
inland areas are remote with no critical facilities affected and minimal residential housing.
National Flood Insurance program (NFIP)
The City of Winslow enteredthe Emergency Program on August 14, 1975 then converted to the
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) effective February 5, 1986. The Island was
incorporated in 1991, and became the City of Bainbridge Island with a NFIP Effective Date of
March 1, 1991. The most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in
2004. During this Community Assistance Visit (CAV) the summarized findings from the CAV
included the need for an amendment to the City’s flood chapter 15.16, preparation of
procedures to implement Chapter 15.16, and additional information on eleven specific cases
that were cited in their field work. As of February 2005, all these items were cleared and our
CAV was closed.
In conclusion, it is anticipated that every 10 years,Bainbridge Land may experience severe
storms enough to cause flooding and possibly land shift resulting in private and public losses.
Bainbridge Island has been modernizing its storm water systems to mitigate urban flooding
throughout the Island.
BI-9
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Exhibit BI-3Flood Zones: Bainbridge Island
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
BI-10
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Exhibit BI-4: Streams and Surface Water, City of Bainbridge Island
Source: Kitsap County GIS Department
Category II: Severe Storms
Probability of Occurrence: High
As noted in Table BI-4, the City of Bainbridge Island is vulnerable to severe weather typically in
the winter months. High winds, significant rainfall, and snow can cause some urban flooding as
well asdamage from falling trees and the potential for landslides due to saturated soils. This
can result in loss of life, damage to homes, and significant power outages. Although
earthquakes have the potential for significant damage and loss of life, severe storms are annual
occurrences, and any mitigation can also minimize the loss of life and damage from other
hazards.
Severe storms affect the entire City of Bainbridge Island. Although the Island does not have
any major rivers or contributories, urban flooding form over-taxed stormwater systems can
cause damage to residential and retail outlets. The Island is heavily wooded with significant old
growth timber. The location of the island is idea for being in the Puget Sound convergent zones
during significant weather events and vulnerable to strong winds as weather fronts move over
the Olympic Mountains. This results in falling treesand significant power outages. Exhibit BI-4
shows the streams and surface water on Bainbridge Island. Over the past couple of years, the
City of Bainbridge Island and Puget Sound Energy have been working to reduce the number
BI-11
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
and length of power outages on the Island. Additionally, community programs have been
established to reduce power consumption.
Table BI-5notes how severe storms affect building stock and the citizens on the Island. In all
categories,100% of the island has the potential for damage and loss of life from severe storms.
City of Bainbridge Island
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
22,01022,010100
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
12,63912,639100
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
8383100
Table BI-5Hazard Data for Severe Storms and Flooding: Bainbridge Island
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Category III: Land Shifts
Probability of Occurrence: High
The City of Bainbridge Island is vulnerable to land shifts as noted in Exhibit BI-5, mostly coastal
cliffs potentiallyvulnerable during an earthquake or significant rainfall when ground are
saturated. LIDAR studies noted in Section III, noted numerous areas on the Island that are
vulnerable to land shifts. The City of Bainbridge Island has 27 known areas that have the
potential to slide based on USGS LIDAR studies. These areas are known to City Planners.
Additional studies of building stock located in these areas will be conducted in the future. Initial
estimates define residential stock in these locations and critical facilities.Long term mitigation
efforts includerestrictions on developing these areas for use, while in the short term, areas are
monitored by Public Works during significant weather events.
Table BI-5 shows the potential building stock affected by potential land shifts. These are
residential homes that dot the coastal areas of Bainbridge Island. As noted in Section III to the
Basic Plan, Bainbridge Island’s tragic event in 1996 where a family was killedduring a land shift,
notes the risk involved in building in these areas. Ongoing land use studies and ordinances
have prevented develop in high risk areas.
BI-12
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Exhibit BI-5LIDAR Data on Land Shift: Bainbridge Island
Source: USGS
City of Bainbridge Island
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
22,0103,5281.6
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
12,639219017.3
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
83000.0
Table BI-6Hazard Data for Land Shifts: Bainbridge Island
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Category IV: Earthquakes
Probability of Occurrence: High
The City of Bainbridge Island is obviously vulnerable to earthquakes. Bainbridge Island is
affectedby known faults including the east/west Seattle Fault. Earthquake modeling shows
Bainbridge vulnerable to numerous Puget Sound faults should there be an earthquake. A
significant Puget Sound earthquake could potentially cause significant damage to the Island
BI-13
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
including isolation to the mainland should the Agate Pass Bridge be lost. This includes the
possibility of land shifts, infrastructure damage,and transportation disruptions. Although the
Island has very few older structuresand the majority of the island is wood structures. Some
areas are vulnerable to liquefaction including the urban downtown formerly the city of Winslow
as noted in Exhibit BI-6 below. In Table BI-7, the entire population and building stock are
potentially at risk of damage from an earthquake depending on the size and locationof the
event.
Earthquakes continue to be the number 1 priority for mitigation strategies due to the significant
losses that may occur during an event. Ongoing land use and building regulation help to
manage vulnerability to earthquakes.
Exhibit BI-6Liquefaction on Bainbridge Island
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services2013
BI-14
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
City of Bainbridge Island
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
22,01022,010100
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
12,63912,639100
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
8383100
Table BI-7Hazard Data for Earthquakes: Bainbridge Island
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Category VI: Tsunamis
Probability of Occurrence: Medium
Bainbridge Island is susceptible to tsunamis depending on the magnitude and location of any
given earthquake. In recent years, USGS and other organizations has studied locations
throughout the Puget Sound Regionto better define the impact of tsunamis on the region. The
USGS and the National Weather Service have installed warning system to warn the public of a
potential tsunami and reduce the risk of loss of life. Regardless, an tsunami from the ocean can
cause damage to shorelines, but an inland tsunami has the potential for no warning resulting in
significant damage to shorelines and loss of life.
Warning systems are our best bet to save lives, but due to the short time to response, may not
be able to mitigate loss of life. As noted below in Table BI-8, a ocean generated tsunami
significant enough to travel the length of the Juan Defuca’s inland may generate a wave that will
cause damage to coastlines. On the other hand, an inland tsunami from a large magnitude
earthquake in the Puget Soundwould have devastating affects on the City’s urban center.
City of Bainbridge Island
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
22,0103,71417.0
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
12,63912389.7
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
8356.0
Table BI-8Hazard Data for Tsunamis: Bainbridge Island
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
BI-15
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Mitigation Strategy
BI-1
Action:
Develop and implement projects to improve control of runoff and flooding.
Lead Department:
Engineering
Support Agency:
Community Development
Categoryand Priority:
Cat I/Medium
Probability of Occurrence:
High
Implementation timeline:
Based on size of project and availability of funds
Implementation Costs:
$250,000 per year
Benefit to Cost:
Reduces erosion and road/infrastructure maintenance
Options andDiscussion:
When funds are available.
BI-2
Action:
Improve citizen preparedness programs to include mitigating residential structures.
Lead Department:
Kitsap County Emergency Management
Support Agency:
City of Bainbridge Island and Bainbridge Island Fire Department
Category and Priority:
All Categories/High
Probably of Occurrence:
High
Implementation Timeline:
Ongoing
Implementation Costs:
$10,000 per year
Benefit to Cost:
Increase disaster preparedness and improve ability for structures to weather a
disaster
Options and Discussion:
This project is ongoing and involves a continued effort to get
neighborhoods involved in preparedness. Bainbridge Island has done over 75 neighborhoods,
but the programinvolves continued outreach to keep communities involved in preparedness.
Options involve introducing the CERT program on Bainbridge Island.
BI-3
Action:
Identify slide-prone areas and study specific mitigation steps to reduce existing risk and
prevent increase risks
Lead Department:
Bainbridge Island Engineering
Support Agency:
Bainbridge Island Community Develop, Kitsap County DEM
Category and Priority:
Cat III/High
Probably of Occurrence:
High
Implementation Timeline:
When Funds are available
Implementation Costs:
$5 Million Plus
Benefit to Cost:
Low, most vulnerable areas involve residential homes.
Options and Discussion:
Bainbridge Island has many potential slide areas along coastal
ways including rockaway Beach area, Rolling Bay Walk and Fort Ward Hill. These areas are
mostly residential and roads vulnerable to landslides.
BI-4
Action:
Conduct community outreach programs to land slide prone residents to discuss options
for identifying indicators of land movements and life safety measures.
Lead Department:
Bainbridge Island Community Development
Support Agency:
Bainbridge Island Engineering
Category and Priority:
Cat III/High
Probably of Occurrence:
High. The best and least costly mitigation is citizen awareness.
BI-16
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Implementation Timeline: 2014-15
Implementation Costs:
$15,000
Benefit to Cost:
Best method to improve life-safety and affordhomeowners to improve
structure integrity.
Options and Discussion:
Outreach campaigned to effected homeowner can be beneficial
during periods when landslide probability rises.
BI-5
Action:
Develop a program to identify at risk seismic assessment of structures in need of
retrofitting.
Lead Department:
Bainbridge Island Community Development
Support Agency:
Bainbridge Island Fire Department and Engineering
Category and Priority:
Cat IV/High
Probably of Occurrence:
Medium
Implementation Timeline:
1-6 years
Implementation Costs:
$500,000
Benefit to Cost:
Medium. Mitigation funds would be supplemented by homeowners or business
owners to conduct retrofitting.
Options and Discussion:
Options include providing training and discounts for homeowners
desiring to retrofit their homes.
BI-6
Action:
Develop a project to discuss potential tsunami risk for Bainbridge Island. This program
will include community and city preparedness options, need for evacuation routes, and the
education of waterfront residents and commercial organizations
Lead Department:
City of Bainbridge Island
Support Agency:
Bainbridge Island Community Development and Kitsap County DEM
Category and Priority:
Cat VI/Medium
Probably of Occurrence:
Medium
Implementation Timeline:
1-4 years
Implementation Costs:
$50,000
Benefit to Cost:
Medium
Options and Discussion:
At a minimum, a community could be formed to discuss the
implication of tsunamis on Bainbridge Island both Inland and Subduction zones.
BI-7
Action:
Study Tsunamis and improve mapping of tsunami risk areas on Bainbridge Island
Lead Department:
Bainbridge Island Community Development
Support Agency:
Kitsap County GIS
Category and Priority:
Cat VI/Medium
Probably of Occurrence:
Medium
ImplementationTimeline:
1-2 years
Implementation Costs:
$25,000
Benefit to Cost:
None
Options and Discussion:
Improving mapping of tsunami risk areas based on solid tsunami
information can help to focus education and outreach programs to most prone to such an event.
BI-8
Action:
Evaluate land use plans and ordinances for changes based on improved tsunami reach
and information
Lead Department:
City of Bainbridge Island
BI-17
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Support Agency:
None
Category and Priority:
Cat VI/Medium
Probably of Occurrence:
Medium
Implementation Timeline:
1-2 years
Implementation Costs:
$50,000
Benefit to Cost:
None
Options and Discussion:
Based on improved research and study of Bainbridge Island coastal
areas.
ExhibitBI-7:Soil (Site Class): Bainbridge Island
Source:Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
BI-18
Appendix B.1: City of Bainbridge Island
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Exhibit BI-8: Kitsap County Damage Assessment Map: Bainbridge Island
Source: Kitsap County Emergency Management 2010
BI-19
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
City ofBremerton, Wa.
Mitigation Plan Revision 2012
Jurisdiction-Specific Vulnerability Assessment and
Mitigation Strategies
Contact Information:
Al Duke, Fire Chief
Bremerton Fire Department
911 Park Avenue. Bremerton, WA 98337
(360) 478-5380
Attachments:
Appendix BR.1: City of Bremerton Asset Profile
Appendix BR.2: City of Bremerton Record of Hearings and Resolutions, Mitigation Plan
City of Bremerton, Wa.Profile
Overview
The City of Bremerton is located in Kitsap County. The city lies east of the Olympic Mountains
directly across Puget Sound from Seattle. Attached is a map showing the city boundaries and areas
that are associated Urban Growth Areas.
For over a century, Bremerton has been the home to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard that continues to
service US Navy ships and its 8000 civilian and many active duty personnel.
The City of Bremerton was incorporated on October 14, 1901, and operates as a charter city with a
Mayor/Council form of government. The City’s downtown core is undergoing a comprehensive
revitalization with the building of a new Conference Center, Parking Garage, Hotel on the waterfront,
a Public Safety and Headquarters Fire Station.
Population
The population of the City of Bremerton is 36,620(2010 Census). During the day, the population
swells another 9000 because of the huge Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and support
organizations. An increase in population of
13,000 isforecast through 2025. (2025 Population
Forecast for City Limits and Urban Growth Area)
Age and Vulnerable Population Distribution
Table BR-1shows the distribution of age and vulnerablepopulation in the City of Bremerton.
Overall the City’s population is well dispersed and there are numeroussenior/assist facilities on
the island mostly located in the city’s urban center. The senior population has grown consistent
with those nationwide.
BR-1
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
City of Bremerton
Total37,729100%
Age 0-187,35615.5
Population Age
18-6224,92370.1
62-Older5,45014.4
(2010 Census)
Table BR-1: Population by Age Group, City of Bremerton
ExhibitBR-1: Population Density Bremerton
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
Geographical/Topographical Description
The topography in the area is low rolling hills,
The City of Bremerton is 28.44 square miles.
generally trending north to south. There are few streams and wetlands, and some high
liquefaction area to the East and lots of shorelines.The Casad Dam provides water for the city
of Bremerton.
BR-2
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Exhibit BR-2: Topographical Feature, City of Bremerton
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
Land Use
Land uses in Bremertonincluderesidential, commercial, industrial and open space. The city
includes the Bremerton School District and Olympic College.
Median Household income is
$38,061 – US Census Bureau.
City of Bremerton
Total17,423100%
Detached8,51548.8
Housing Units
Attached8,57849.2
Mobile Homes2801.6
(2010 Census)
Boat/RV 50.2
Table BR-2: Housing Units, City of Bremerton
BR-3
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
City of Bremerton
TotalBuilt17,423100%
1990-Later1,79810.3
Housing Age
1950-19898,62349.4
1949-Earlier7,00240.2
(2010 Census)
Table BR-3: Housing Age in the City of Bremerton
Business and Industry
The City is mostly retail and service oriented organizations like the Bremerton Conference
Center. The city also includes contractors that support the Shipyard as well as a primary
County hub for medical and health services including Harrison Medical Center.
Transportation, Communications, and Utilities
The City of Bremerton is service by numerous state routes including SR3, Kitsap Way, and Hwy
303 to the east. The city has two bridges (Manette and Warren Ave) that connect East and
West Bremerton. The city also has ferry service via Washington State Ferries to downtown
Seattle, and local service to Port Orchard.
City Infrastructure
The city has many government and non-government buildings including libraries, dams, medical
and health services, and city and county government buildings. Primary structures include:
The Norm Dicks Building housingCity government, Kitsap Public Health
Public Works Campus
Olympic College
Bremerton Schools District
Casad Dam
Bremerton Fire Department and facilities
Bremerton Police Department and Courthouse
Kitsap Mental Health Services
American Red Cross
History of Disasters
Bremerton’s history of emergency/disasters is much like the remainder of the county. Kitsap is
a micro-climatic region in which winds, rain,and temperatures can differ throughout the County.
Although, like other cities, Bremerton is susceptible to earthquakes, tsunamis, urban flooding,
andland shifts. As noted below, typical issues are winter storm events, although, Bremerton
experienced the Nisqually earthquake and suffered damages greater than other cities in the
County.
Event DateType of EventDeclaration?Declared Disaster?
Dec 2008Severe wind and rain LocalNo assistance
Dec 2007Severe wind and rainLocal, State, Yes
andFederal
Jan 2006Severe wind and rainLocalDid not meet PA threshold
BR-4
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Dec 2006Severe wind and rainLocalDid not meet PA Threshold
Oct 2003Severe wind and rainLocal, state, Local PA Threshold not met.
and FederalIA paid out
Jan2002Severe wind and rainLocal and State Only; presidential
Statedenied
Feb 2001Nisqually EarthquakeLocal,state, YES
and Federal
June 1997Rolling Bay mudslide LocalNo assistance
Dec 1996Severe rain and snow Local, State, Yes
runoff stormand Federal
Nov 1995Severe wind and rain Local, State, Local PA threshold not met
and Federal
Jan 1993Severe wind and rain Local, State No record on file
and Federal
Jan 1992Severe wind and rain LocalNo assistance
Dec 1990Severe wind and rain Local, State Yes
andFederal
Dec 1982Severe wind and rain LocalNo assistance
May 1965EarthquakeLocal, state, No record on file
and Federal
Oct 1962Severe wind and rain Local, state No record on file
and Federal
Table BR-4: History of Disaster, City of Bremerton
Mitigation Planning
Risk Assessment
Section III of this plan provides a thorough assessment of hazards associated with Kitsap
County and its incorporated cities. Although, each city is affected differently, risks significant to
the City of Bremertonarefloods, earthquakes, land shifts, tsunamis, and winter storms. Section
III is a synopsis of the County and cities. This profile provides additional information specific to
Bremerton.
Rating System
The rating system for Bremertonis consistent with the general plan. A rating for each hazard is
define by high, medium and low based on the information provided in Section II to this plan.
Additional ratings are applied for priority mitigation strategies and Cost analysis.
Overview
The purpose of this profileis to assess the vulnerability of the City ofBremerton in regards to the
various natural hazards previously identified in SectionIII of this plan. In addition, mitigation
strategies that are currently in place relating to these natural hazards as well as newly proposed
mitigation strategies have been included in this mitigation profile.
As part of the vulnerability assessment process, City of Bremerton government completed an
inventory of all critical facilities and has considered these critical facilities in our planning and
mitigation strategy development process. The City of Bremerton has no repetitive loss properties.
BR-5
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Planning Process
To complete the vulnerability assessment process, various city staff utilized aseries oflocally
developed forms. The information collected with these forms is included in this portion of the plan.
As part of the vulnerability assessment process, City of Bremerton government completed an
inventory of all critical facilities and has considered these critical facilities in our planning and
mitigation strategy development process. Representatives from City of Bremerton government
worked closely with other jurisdictions, agencies, Indian tribes, and the Kitsap County Mitigation
Planning Committee to develop a comprehensive, coordinated mitigation plan intended to reduce the
vulnerability to natural hazards within the City of Bremerton.
The information contained in this document presents the results of this effort to identify the specific
natural hazards threatening the City of Bremerton, to characterize the vulnerability of the City of
Bremerton regarding these hazards, and to identify current as well as proposed mitigation strategies,
projects, and/or programs to address those vulnerabilities.
The analyses conducted by City of Bremerton staff were based on the best currently available
information and data regarding the characteristics of the neighborhoods identified, the natural
hazards that threaten the people, property, and environmentof these neighborhoods as well as the
impacts these neighborhoods have suffered in past disasters. This information includes, when
available, United States Census data, local tax records, local and national geographic information
system data, Flood Insurance Rate Maps, hazard specific analyses, and other environmental and
demographic facts.
However, very often authoritative or current information simply was not available for the planning
effort. In these cases, the experience, knowledge and judgment of local officials representing City of
Bremerton government were used in the planning, including assumptions and approximations that
were believed to be reasonable. In addition, straight-forward, simplified technical analyses were
used for tasks such as estimating property values, determining the size of populations affected, and
so forth. The reliance on the judgment of knowledgeable officials and simplified analyses is
considered acceptable at this stage to allow the participating organizations to complete the tasks
needed to develop this multi-jurisdictional natural hazards mitigation plan. As the planning continues
in future years, or at the time when a proposed mitigation initiative is intended to be funded and/or
implemented, the participating organizations/jurisdictions recognize that additional information and
analyses may be required.In any event, mitigation strategies identified in this plan will be
incorporated when appropriate into other land use or capital improvement plans. Mitigation will be
addressed with each plan revision.
City of Bremerton government is committed to the implementation of the mitigation related
projects/programs described in this section of the plan when and if resources become available. City
of Bremerton government is also committed to continuing the mitigation planning process that has
resulted in the development of this document, and to the ongoing cooperation with other agencies,
organizations, Indian tribes, and jurisdictions to make the City of Bremerton more resistant to the
damages and hardships that could otherwise be the result of future natural disasters.
Plans and Ordinances
In an effort to maximize hazard mitigation planning, the following city plans are use to support
and mandate mitigation efforts throughout thecity:
Current Hazard Mitigation Codes/Plans/Ordinances:
1.Comprehensive Land Use Plan2004
BR-6
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Bremerton’sComprehensive Land Use Plan is a policy and legal document that reflects the
community’s desires, goals and the needs of the future within the context of the Growth
Management Act. The plan was adopted in December of 2009 and is updated yearly as part of
the annual amendment process.
2.Comprehensive Transportation Plan
This transportation plan provides the framework to guide short and long term development and
maintenance of the multi-model transportation system within the city of Bremerton. It addresses
the mandates of the Growth Management Act under the Revises Code of Washington, Title
36.70A.070.
3.Comprehensive Water System Plan2009
This plan includes goals and policies to protect the natural environment and mitigate the
impacts of future growth. It isin compliance of the Growth Management Act and the Critical
Areas Ordinance.
4.Comprehensive Sewer System Plan
Responsible for collection, treatment and disposal of all sanitary sewer waste from commercial
and residential customers. Operates the City's Wastewater Treatment Plant and maintains 33
pump stations in the City. The plan is designed to identify,design and implement mitigation and
upgrades for the waste water system for the City of Bremerton.
5.Comprehensive Stormwater System Plan2009
This responsibility includes the protection and preservation of the natural resources of the area
that play such a large role in sustaining the City's quality of life. Within the City, the responsibility
for storm and surface water management and the protectionof groundwater have been
entrusted to the Department of Public Works and Utilities. It is the mission of the Stormwater
Program within the Department to control flooding, enhance water quality, protect sensitive
habitat areas, and optimize the recharge oflocal aquifers.
6.Capital ImprovementPlan2009
The purpose of the Capital Facilities Plan is to demonstrate that all capital facilities serving
Bremertonhave been addressed. The plan covers roads, parks, water and sewer lines, police
facilities and administrative buildings. It is compliant with the Growth Management Act.
7.International Building and Fire Code
The City of Bremertonadopted the 2009 International Fire Codes with state amendments under
Chapter 15.04 of the Building Code. These codes define building, fire and mitigation practices.
8.Municipal Code
The BremertonMunicipal Code areplans and policies regulate the infrastructure, environment
and building codes for the city. The city follows these codes to mitigate potential damage during
catastrophic events.
9.Zoning Ordinance
The zoning code contains regulations to manage the community’s growth in a manner that
ensures efficient use of land, preserves regulated critical areas, and encourages good urban
design. Specifically, the code supports the vision of the city and is designed to implement the
comprehensive plan and by reference the requirements of the Washington State Growth
Management Act.
BR-7
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
10.Subdivision Ordinance
The purpose of this title is to implement the comprehensive plan in accordance with the Growth
Management Act; to regulate the subdivision of land and to promote the public health, safety
and generalwelfare.
11.Critical Areas Ordinance
This ordinance defines critical areas (wet lands, areas of critical recharging effect on aquifers
used for water, fish and wildlife habit, frequently flood areas andgeologicallyhazardous areas)
as required by the Growth Management Act. Thisordinance regulates, protects and defines
these Areas under BremertonMunicipal Code Chapter 16.20.
12.Participation in National Flood Insurance Program
Bremerton’sparticipation in the NFIP allows them to use the resources of FEMA to use
mitigation planning is to identify policies and actions that can be implemented over the long term
to reduce risk and future losses.
13.Participation in the Community Rating System Program
Bremerton’s involvement in The Community Rating System (CRS) through FEMA NFIP allows
them to benefit in reduced insurance rates and by using the CRS floodplain management
system enhances public safety, reduce damages to property and public infrastructure, avoid
economic disruption and losses, reduce human suffering, and protect the environment.
Mitigation Goals and Strategies
2012 Mitigation Goals
The following goals have been defined by the City of Bremertonand are consistent with those in
the basic HMP update.
Goal 1: Eliminate or reduce the long-term risk to human life and property from identified
hazards.
Goal 2: Aid both the private and public sectors in understanding the risks they may be
exposed toand finding mitigation strategies to reduce those risks.
The Table below provides updates to strategies outlined in the HMP 2004. Strategies may have
been dropped due to lack of funding or resolved. The following categories include unresolved
strategiesfrom 2004 or new 2012 strategies. For priority purposes, the strategies listed in each
category are done so in order of importance.
CategoryStrategyProbability of ImplementRemarks/Status
Occurrenceation time
Pursue seismic upgrades Completed reservoir upgrades
IVHigh6 years
to the Bremerton water in 2009
system and its
components as identified
in the report by Dames &
Moore, March 1997 and
BR-8
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
in the City of Bremerton’s
6-year Capital
Improvement Plan.
IVPursueseismic upgrades Low1 yearProgress; Completed seismic
to the dam and provide bracing for the Casad Dam in-
improved monitoring and take tower. Provide Mason
an early warning system County with telephone
in the event of an warning system. Still looking
uncontrolled release of for funding for early warning
the reservoir caused by a system in the event of an
dam failure as identified uncontrolled release.
in the report by Woodard-
Clyde Consultants, July
1997 and in the City of
Bremerton’s 6-year
Capital Improvement Plan
IVPursue seismic HighOngoingOngoing program. Need
upgrades to equipment, additional funding
infrastructure, and
critical facilities
IXAid both the private and HighOngoingSupport the County’s Bolt
public sectors in and Brace Program for
understanding the risks retrofitting older homes in
they may be exposed to Bremerton
and fund programs to
mitigate.
Category I: Flooding
Probability of Occurrence: Medium
The City of Bremerton does not have any rivers are large tributaries that cause significant
flooding in the City limits. There are creeks and streams that can be overwhelmed during
periods of heavy rain and will overflow their banks. Additionally, significant rain will cause urban
flooding in areas noted for poor drainage. Except for earthquakes, flooding is the next costly
event and mitigation efforts can help reduce the effect of life and property. Efforts to reduce
stormwater overflows have been successful, and there are areas that need attention. Flooding
may also occur along the shoreline of the City of Bremerton due to high tides. Recent changes
to the National Flood Program has incorporated these areas to include the requirement for flood
insurance. Exhibit BR-3 shows the few flood zones in the City limits. As noted in Table BR-5, all
the residents and housing units are susceptible to urban flooding, no one actually lives in the
flood zone areas identified in Exhibit BR-3.
National Flood Insurance program (NFIP)(
Excerpt from the Basic Plan 2012)
The City of Bremerton entered the National Flood Insurance Program on May 27, 1975. The
most recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted July 23, 2008. During
the visit,the City issued 2 permits that were properly conditioned for the flood elevation
certificates; however the final Elevation Certificate was inadvertently missed. The corrective
action taken by the city was to modify the permitting system computer software to more
definitively request flood zone information at the time of initial application for a building permit
BR-9
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
and at construction inspection stages including prior to framing and prior to release of final
inspection certification.
As most communities in Kitsap County, after the last major flood, 2007, we reviewed our
flooding issues and once again determined we have no repetitive loss areas in the City of
Bremerton. The City of Bremerton has amended their processes as recently as August, 2007
resulting in a successful CAV in July, 2008.
Exhibit BR-3: Flood Zones, City of Bremerton
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
Category II: Severe Storms
Probability of Occurrence: High
Flooding and severe storms work hand-in-hand. Severe winter storms are the typical event that
hasthe highest probability of cause damage to property. These event which occur annually,
results in a variety of mixed events of snow, rain, low temperatures, and severe winds. The
combination of these events generally resultsin significant power outages,urban flooding, and
loss of work and revenue to the economy. Should the event become significant with long-term
heavy rainfall, major creeks like Gorst Creek, would overflow and flood areas downstream along
the shoreline. TableBR-5notes how severe storms affect building stock and the citizens on the
BR-10
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Island. In all categories,100% of the Cityhas the potential for damage and loss of life from
severe storms.
City of Bremerton
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
37,72937,729100
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
13,68313,683100
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
6464100
Table BR-5: Hazard Data for Severe Storms and Flooding, Bremerton
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Category III: Land Shifts
Probability of Occurrence: High
The city of Bremerton has some areas vulnerable to land shifts. These areas are mostlyin East
Bremerton along Puget Sound. Land shifts may be caused by earthquakes or significant
prolong rainfall and ground saturation. These areas are known to City Planner. There are no
critical facilities in these areas. Building stock is mostly residential based on initial estimates.
The areas noted in Exhibit BR-4 156-165 are in unincorporated Kitsap County and not the city of
Bremerton. Housing and personnel affected by land shifts are noted in Table BR-6.
Exhibit BR-4: LIDAR Data on Land Shift, Bremerton
BR-11
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Source: USGS
City of Bremerton
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
37,72918084.8
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
13,6836254.5
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
64000.0
Table BR-6: Hazard Data for Land Shifts,Bremerton
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Category IV: Earthquakes
Probability of Occurrence: High
The city of Bremerton’s greatest danger is an earthquake. Like other cities in Kitsap, it is
vulnerable to the known faults that run east/west through the Puget Sound Region. Bremerton
has many older buildings, storefronts and residents as well as historical buildings. Some homes
and businesses have gone through retrofitting or brought up to earthquake codes established in
1980’s. 89% of the homes were built before 1989. A significant Puget Sound earthquake could
potentially cause significant damage to the city and affect their primary economic base,
merchants and the Naval Shipyard, as well as city infrastructure. A significant earthquake could
also damage the only airport inthe area, Bremerton Airport, as well as the Casad Dam, a facility
build in the 1930’s as the city water supply. Damage to the dam could result in flooding to the
west into residence near the dam but also down the Union River and into Mason County. As
noted in Exhibit BR-5, few areas have a high degree of liquefaction susceptibility. These areas
are mostly areas that have few residence and no critical facilities. Two bridges provide
transportation to Bremerton from the eastside. One bridge is less that 3 years old and the other
in good condition. Table BR-7 shows all of Bremerton housing and residents affected by
potential earthquakes.
BR-12
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
ExhibitBR-5: Liquefaction Areas, City ofBremerton
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services
City of Bremerton
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
37,72937,729100
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
13,68313,683100
Total Critical TotalCritical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
6464100
Table BR-7: Hazard Data for Earthquakes, City ofBremerton
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Category VI: Tsunamis
Probability of Occurrence: Medium
BR-13
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Bremerton can be affected by tsunamis, mostly in then area along the shipyard. The greatest
threat is inlandtsunamis caused by an earthquake and subsequent tsunami in the Puget Sound
waters. Such a tsunami would have little warning and may causeloss of life and significant
damage to areas noted in Exhibit BR-6. The Gorst areas werediscussed in Section III of the
Kitsap County Plan for its history of known tsunami’s probably caused by an inland type and
earthquake. Although, there may be a surge of water, a Pacific Ocean subduction zone
earthquake may force a higher than normal surge in the area causing unexpected flooding in
the City of Bremerton.Such a surge would disrupttransportation lines and ferries, and other
potential hazards. Based on tsunami models, Table BR-8 shows the potential effect of citizens
and building stock in the City of Bremerton.
BR-6: Tsunami Inundation, City of Bremerton
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Resources
City of Bremerton
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
37,72922145.8
BR-14
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
13,6837395.4
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
6446.2
Table BR-8: Hazard Data for Tsunamis: Bremerton
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Mitigation Strategy
BR-1
Action:
Pursue seismic upgrades to the dam and provide improved monitoring and an early
warning system in the event of an uncontrolled release of the reservoir caused by a dam failure as
identified in the report by Woodard-Clyde Consultants, July 1997 and in the City of Bremerton’s 6-
year Capital Improvement Plan
Lead Department:
City of Bremerton Public Works & Utilities
Support Agency:
Washington Department of Ecology Dam Safety Officeand Mason County
Division of Emergency Management
Category and Priority:
Cat IV/High
Probably of Occurrence:
Low
Implementation Timeline:
1 year
Implementation Costs:
$ 375,000as per Woodard-Clyde Consultants
Benefit to Cost:
Improve warning program for citizens downstream of Casad Dam.
Options and Discussion:
Progress; Completed seismic bracing for the Casad Dam in-take tower.
Provide Mason County with telephone warning system. Still looking for funding for early warning
system in the event of an uncontrolled release.
BR-2
Action:
Improve citizen preparedness programs to include mitigating residential structures.
LeadDepartment:
Kitsap County Emergency Management
Support Agency:
City of Bremerton
Category and Priority:
All Categories/High
Probably of Occurrence:
High
Implementation Timeline:
Ongoing
Implementation Costs:
$10,000 per year
Benefit to Cost:
Increase disaster preparedness and improve ability for structures to weather a
disaster
Options and Discussion:
This project is ongoing and involves a continued effort to get
neighborhoods involved in preparedness.
BR-3
Action:
Pursue seismic upgradesto the Bremerton water system and its components as identified
in the report by Dames & Moore, March 1997 and in the City of Bremerton’s 6-year Capital
Improvement Plan. Includes seismic protection of Jackson Park/NAD water main, seismic
restraint/isolation valves on the Warren Avenue Bridge main.
Lead Department:
City of Bremerton Public Works & Utilities
Support Agency:
Washington State Department of Health Drinking Water Programs
Category and Priority:
Cat IV/Medium
BR-15
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Probably of Occurrence:
Medium
Implementation Timeline:
1-8 years
Implementation Costs:
$ 400,000 as per Dames & Moore Report
Benefit to Cost:
Unknown
Options and Discussion:
Progress; Completed reservoir upgrades in 2009
BR-4
Action:
Provide pipeline redundancy and seismic protection for the cross town main and
transmission main under SR 3.
Lead Department:
City of Bremerton Public Works & Utilities
Support Agency:
Washington State Department of Health and Department of Ecology
Category and Priority:
All Cats/Low
Probably of Occurrence:
Low
Implementation Timeline:
Undetermined
Implementation Costs:
$ 3,100,000
Benefit to Cost:
Unknown
Options and Discussion:
Improve water supply service after an earthquake.
BR-5
Action:
Improve retrofitting of older residence in the City of Bremerton
Lead Department:
City of Bremerton Public Works & Utilities
Support Agency:
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
Category and Priority:
Cat IV/High
Probably of Occurrence:
Medium
Implementation Timeline:
1-4 years
Implementation Costs:
$ 50,000
Benefit to Cost:
High due to reducing uninsured damages after an earthquake
Options and Discussion:
Provide training and loans/funds to residence for retrofitting their
home to reducethe effects of a potential earthquake.
BR-6
Action:
Develop and implement projects to improve control of runoff and flooding.
Lead Department:
City Engineering
Support Agency:
Community Development
Category and Priority:
Cat I/Medium
Probability of Occurrence:
High
Implementation timeline:
Based on size of project and availability of funds
Implementation Costs:
$250,000 per year
Benefit to Cost:
Reduces erosion and road/infrastructure maintenance
Options and Discussion:
When funds are available.
BR-16
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
ExhibitBR-7: Soil(Site Class): Bremerton
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
BR-17
Appendix B.4: City of Bremerton
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Exhibit BR-8: Kitsap County Damage Assessment Map, City ofBremerton
Source: Kitsap County Emergency Management 2010
BR-18
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
City of Port Orchard, Wa.
Mitigation Plan Revision 2012
Jurisdiction-Specific Vulnerability Assessment and
Mitigation Strategies
Contact Information:
Mark Dorsey, Director
Department of Public Works
City of Port Orchard, Wa.
216 Prospect Street, Port Orchard, WA 98366
(360) 876-4991
Attachments:
Appendix PO.1: City of Port Orchard Asset Profile
Appendix PO.2: city of Port Orchard Record of Hearings: Hazard Mitigation
City of Port Orchard, Wa. Profile
Overview
The City of Port Orchard was first established along the south shore of Sinclair Inlet and has
grown southward for more than 100 years. As the county seat, the City has been an important
urban area for Kitsap County, and particularly South Kitsap. Its proximity along Sinclair Inlet
provides an easily accessible saltwater shoreline and stunning views of the Olympic Mountains.
Blackjack Creek and Ross Creek are protected by natural ravines and maintain a rural belt in an
urban area. There is convenient access to Bremerton with regularly scheduled passenger ferry
service, with connections to Seattle via the Washington State Ferry system. The marine Park
and downtown waterfront host numerous community activities, concerts, and the weekly
Farmer’s Market. Boating is enhanced with the Port Orchard Marina, one of the best boat
launches in the area, and numerous other marinas and boating services.
Population
Port Orchardhas a diverse population of (2010 census). A large group of professionalstransit
daily to downtown Seattle for employment. The island is characterized by professional scientific
employment, construction and education. Exhibit PO-1shows the City’s population density and
urbanization.
Age and Vulnerable Population Distribution
Table PO-1shows the distribution of age and vulnerablepopulation In Port Orchard. Overall
the City’s population is diverse and there isa number of senior/assist facilities on the island
mostly located in the city’s urban center. The senior population has grown consistent with those
nationwide.
PO-1
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
City of Port Orchard
Total11,144100%
Age 0-182,62123.5
Population Age18-626,66959.3
62-Older1,85416.6
(2010 Census)
Table PO-1: Population by Age, City of Port Orchard
ExhibitPO-1:Population Density: Port Orchard
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
Geographical/Topographical Description
The City is characterized by a typical port boarded by hillsandcliffsabove the downtown
corridor. The city is currently 5,500 acres. Marinas border the waterfront as well as merchants
and parking areas. The city includes some rivers and streams and because it is the county
seat, includes the Kitsap County Administration Building, courthouse, and adjourning
Corrections Center.Land use does include numerous residential areas and commercial zones.
PO-2
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Land use is depicted in Exhibit PO2 below.
Exhibit PO-2: Land UseCity of Port Orchard
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
Land use in Port Orchard is primarily residential housing, government, retail, and waterfront
marinas.As part of the Management Growth Act, Port Orchard has annexed land in recent
years to accommodate city growth. There are a number of critical facilities in the City of Port
Orchard including those identified as the County seat. These facilities are partof the County’s
Damage Assessment Program.
City of Port Orchard
Total4,931100%
Detached3,13363.5
Housing Units
Attached1,60832.6
Mobile Homes1903.8
(2010 Census)
Boat/RV000.0
Table PO-2: Housing Units in the City of Port Orchard
PO-3
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
City of Port Orchard
TotalBuilt4,931100%
1990-Later1,99949.5
Housing Age
1950-19891,94939.5
1949-Earlier98319.9
(2010 Census)
Table PO-3: Housing Age City of Port Orchard
Business and Industry
The City’s economy is primarily based on the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, local commerce as
seen on the Port Orchard Industrial Park, and employment in the Seattle-Tacoma area.The
City’s downtown corridor is characterized by working private shipyards, marinas,and merchants
providing a variety of retail services to the citizens.
Principal Economic Base
Federal Defense Agencies; Naval Station Bremerton, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Naval
Submarine Base Banger, Naval Keyport Center and support facilities.
Economic Characteristic:
Median Household income is $43,094.
Transportation, Communications, and Utilities
Major thoroughfares include: State Highway 16, Bay Street, Tremont Street, Sidney Avenue,
Sedgwick, Port Orchard Blvd, and Bethel. The city has an extensive system of local public
streets with commuter service provided by Kitsap Transit. The city of Port Orchard is serviced
by Puget Sound Energy, West Sound Utilities Districts and Wave Cable for internet and
television service.
City Infrastructure
Appendix PO.1 identifies the Asset Profile for the City of Port Orchard. The City Hall is a new
structure build within the last 10 years and serves as City administration, courts, and the
emergency operations center during emergencies.
Critical Facilities (within city limits):
City of Port Orchard City Hall and Public Works Shop
South Kitsap School District: South Kitsap High School, Cedar Heights Jr. High
Givens Community Center
Kitsap County Courthouse Complex and County Jail
Fire District #7 – Fire Station #31
Health Facilities: Group Health Coop of Puget Sound, Harrison Memorial Hospital
Joint Wastewater Treatment Facility Wells: 5 wells and one transmission main from the
City of Bremerton
PO-4
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
History of Disasters
Table PO-4below shows the history of natural hazards in Port Orchard. Any damage that has
occurredhas associated with heavy rains and high tides or land slides. The downtown area is
prone to flooding during significant rainfall and tides. Some mitigation has beenperformed, but
more is needed to improve the situation.
Natural Hazard Events: taken from table 2.1 Disaster History
Date of IncidentType of IncidentDeclaration Level
12/11/2008Severe Winter ShelterLocal
12/03/2007Severe Winter StormLocal, State
12/16/2006Severe StormLocal
01/30/2006Severe StormLocal
12/05/2005Severe Winter StormLocal, State, Federal
08/29/2005HurricaneFederal
10/20/03FloodingLocal, State, Federal
07/02FloodingLocal, State
09/11/2001Terrorist Attack Federal
02/01 02/28/01Earthquake –NisquallyLocal, State, Federal
03/97FloodingLocal, State, Federal
12/96Severe StormLocal, State, Federal
04/96MudslideLocal
02/96FloodingLocal, State, Federal
11/95Severe Storm –Wind/floodingLocal, State, Federal
12/94FloodingLocal
01/93Wind StormLocal, State, Federal
01/92Severe StormNo declaration
12/90Severe StormLocal, State, Federal
12/82Severe StormLocal, State, Federal
05/80Mt. St. Helens, volcanoState, Federal
01/74Severe StormLocal, State, Federal
05/65EarthquakeLocal, State, Federal
10/62Severe Storm –WindLocal, State, Federal
Table PO-4: Natural Hazards Emergencies/Disaster Port Orchard
Mitigation Planning
Risk Assessment
Section III of this plan provides a thorough assessment of hazards associated with Kitsap
County and its incorporated cities. Although, each city is affected differently, risks significant to
the City of Port Orchardarefloods, earthquakes, land shifts, tsunamis, and winter storms.
Section III is a synopsis of the County and cities. This profile provides additional information
specific to Port Orchard.
PO-5
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Rating System
The rating system for Port Orchardis consistent with the general plan. A rating for each hazard
is define by high, medium and low based on the information provided in Section II to this plan.
Additional ratings are applied for priority mitigation strategies and Cost analysis.
Overview
As noted earlier, the City of Port Orchardhas a history of severe winter storm, land shifts, and
earthquakes. These vulnerabilities can cause serious damage and in some cases,limit mobility
of the city around these hazards. .Major east/west faults line in the Puget Sound Region
intercept the southern end of the Island as well as being vulnerable to potential inland and
ocean tsunamis.
Planning Process
As noted in the basic HMP Plan Update, the City of Port Orchardassigned personnel to the
mitigation plan update and through the planning update process, were assigned to the Kitsap
HMP planning committee. Additionally the City solicited for inputs from City Departments, City
Council, and the citizens of Port Orchard. The city conducted a notice of public hearing and
review of the HMP for the City as noted in the attachments.
Plans and Ordinances
In an effort to maximize hazard mitigation planning, the following city plans are use to support
and mandate mitigation efforts throughout the city:
Current Hazard Mitigation Codes/Plans/Ordinances
1. Comprehensive Land Use Plan, adopted December 2008updated December 2012 by
0rdinance 019-12.
This 20 yearplanis vision for the City of Port Orchard which guides the development of the City
into the future. The Plan’s goals and policies give direction for managing future growth
consistent with citizens’ desired future and quality of life.
The Comprehensive Plan also includes a Land Use Map linked to the land use and
environmental policies that establishes areas of the City for residential, commercial, industrial
and other land uses
These actions will work to strengthen the natural environmental and the quality of the built
environmentand provided a plan for mitigation during natural or other disasters.
2. Transportation Improvement Plan, approved each July (projected 6 year plan)
The Transportation element identifies future system improvements derived from the analysis
completed in both City Capital Facilities documents, the EIS for the Kitsap County 2006
Comprehensive Plan 10-Year Update and the Sidney/Pottery Multi-Modal CorridorPlan.
This 6 year plan which is updated annually also identifies hazardous area and plan for mitigating
these areas.
PO-6
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
3. Capital Facilities Plan
The purpose of the Capital Facilities Planis to provide policy direction to decision makers
regarding development regulations and expenditures for capital facilities associated with fire
protection and emergency medical services, law enforcement, parks, schools, water, sewer,
stormwater and solid waste collection and disposal.
The planalsoidentifies and prioritizes Parks, Open Spaces and Shorelines and mitigation
needs to the year 2015. It is an element of the Growth Management Act which plans for
effective use and development in flood zones and areas associated with natural or man
made disasters.
4. Surface Water Management Plan and/or Stormwater Management Codefinalizedin
,
December 2011
This Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) is intended, along with the City's
Comprehensive Stormwater Management Plan, to assist the City in planning, funding, and
implementing a comprehensive program for addressing current and future regulatory and
policy requirements for managing and mitigating stormwater runoff, water quality, flooding
problems, and the City’s natural resources.
5. Uniform Building and Fire Code
(updated to 2012International Building Codes)
Establish codes and regulations for building structures for safe occupancy. Mitigates against
accidents and natural or man-made causes.
6. Municipal Codeeffective through August 2013
These plans and policies regulate the infrastructure, environment and building codes for the City
of Port Orchard. The city follows these codes to mitigate potential damage during catastrophic
events. Mitigate seismic events and other hazards through building structures to withstand or
minimize the effects of these hazards.
7. Zoning Ordinance Updated 2012
Changes and updates to Zoning Ordinances is the responsibility of Planning and Community
Development. It’s mission to coordinate and manage land use activity. Mitigates buildings and
theenvironmentin hazardous locations.
8. Subdivision Ordinance I
ncorporated in Title 16, 2013 POMC
The purpose of this chapter is to regulate the subdivision of land within thecity limits of Port
Orchard and to require accurate legal descriptions. The controls, standards and procedures set
forth in this chapter shall serve to minimize any expected negative impact of the proposed
property use and mitigatespotential damage during catastrophic events
9Critical Areas Ordinance 18
.(includes Flood Damage Prevention), and Codified as Title 18,
POMC. Effective through August 2013
This ordinance defines wet lands, areas of critical recharging area effect on aquifers used for
water, fish and wildlife habitat as required by the Growth Management Act.This ordinance
identifies and plans for future mitigation of these critical areas.
PO-7
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
10. National Flood Insurance Program Ordinance 1435 and 1446 Revised 1989.
Port Orchard’sparticipation in the NFIP allows them to use the resources of FEMA to use
mitigation planning is to identify policies and actions that can be implemented over the long term
to reduce risk and future losses.
These plansinherently include strategies, policies and ordinances that approve mitigation
strategies or deterimprovements affected by hazards. In each case, mitigation planning is
essential to the safety and security of the citizens of Port Orchard. As such, The City
Engineers, the HMP representative for Port Orchard, will review mitigation strategies to insure
other plans are consistent with the plan.
Mitigation Goals and Strategies
2012 Mitigation Goals
The following goals have been defined by the Cityare consistent with those in the basic HMP
update.
Goal 1: Eliminate or reduce the long-term risk to human life and property from identified
hazards.
Goal 2: Aid both the private and public sectors in understanding the risks they may be exposed
to andfinding mitigation strategies to reduce those risks.
These goals are applied to each of the hazardcategories noted below with associated
strategies for 2012.
The information below provides updates to strategies outlined in the HMP 2004. Strategies may
have been dropped due to lack of funding or resolved.The two categories noted are ongoing
strategies as well as those mentioned in the continued strategies for the revised plan.
CategoryStrategyProbability of ImplementRemarks/Status
Occurrenceation time
IVSeismic upgrades to HighOngoingSmall projects accomplished in
equipment, infrastructure, house. Ongoing and remains part
critical facilitiesof our plan
IIInspect and Identify trees and HighOngoingOngoing projects are funded as
objects that pose a hazard funds become available. Remains
during a stormpart of the city’s strategy
The following categories includeunresolved strategies from 2004 or new 2012 strategies.For
priority purposes, the strategies listed in each category are done so in order of importance.
Category I: Flooding
Probability of Occurrence: Medium
The city center of Port Orchard sits along Sinclair Inletof Puget Sound and is susceptible to
high tides and urban flooding during the winter months. Extreme high tides coupled with
significant rainfall can cause flooding in downtown Port Orchard as well as affect residential
waterfront properties. The significant water puts significant pressure on stormwater systems
forcing water on the streets and into nearby retail outlets downtown. In other areas of town,
PO-8
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
land management and improvements in stormwater systems have reduced flooding during the
winter storm season, although significant events will cause urban flooding. The City of Port
Orchard is affected by creeks and streams, but there are no significant tributaries in the city.
Exhibits PO-3 and 4 show flood zones and streams and surface water areas that contribute to
urban flooding in the City of Port Orchard. There are no critical facilities inside the flood prone
areas.
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
The City of Port Orchard entered the National Flood Insurance Program in 1978. The most
recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in 2005. During this
Community Assistance Visit (CVA) the summarized findings from the CAV, included the need
for an amendment to the City’s flood chapter 15.38, preparation of procedures to implement
Chapter 15.38, and additional information on three specific cases that were cited in their field
work.
On September 16, 2005 the Floodplain Management Specialist responded to the City’s
transmittal of information by approving Ordinance No. 016-05 bringing the city into full
compliance with Federal and State floodplain management requirements.
The City provided the Floodplain Management Specialist with additional information on the 3
specific cases sited during their visit which cleared all of the findings and closed the CAV for
Port Orchard. Their conclusion was that the City is effectively regulating development in the
City’s flood hazard areas and they would notify FEMA of this certification.
PO-9
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Exhibit PO-3: Flood Zones City of Port Orchard
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
PO-10
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
City of Port Orchard
Exhibit PO-4: Streams and Surface Waters, City of Port Orchard
Source: Kitsap County GIS Department
Category II: Severe Storms
Probability of Occurrence: High
As noted in Table PO-4, the City of Port Orchardis vulnerable to severe weather typically in the
winter months. High winds, significant rainfall, and snow can cause some urban flooding,
damage from falling trees and the potential for landslides due to saturated soils. This can result
in loss of life, damage to homes, and significant power outages. Although earthquakes have the
potential for significant damage and loss of life, severe storms are annual occurrences, and any
mitigation can also minimize the loss of life and damage from other hazards.
Severe storms affect the entire City. Although Port Orchard does not have any major rivers or
contributories, urban flooding form over-taxed stormwatersystem can cause damage to
residential and retail outlets. The location of the cityis idea for being in the Puget Sound
convergent zones during significant weather events and vulnerable to strong winds as weather
fronts move over the Olympic Mountains. This results in falling trees or branches and significant
power outages. Exhibit PO-4shows the streams and surface water in the city.Downtown Port
Orchard is vulnerable to flooding when heavy rains are combined with high seasonal tides,
routinely in the winter months. The downtown area will experience temporary flooding of roads
and some buildings while tides remain high. Some mitigation has been conducted,but
significant changes to infrastructure would be necessary to reduce these symptoms.
PO-11
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Table PO-4notes how severe storms affect building stock and the citizens on the Island. In all
categories,100% of the Cityhas the potential for damage and loss of life from severe storms.
City of Port Orchard
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
11,14411,144 100
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
6,7086,708100
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
3939100
Table PO-4: Hazard Data for Severe Storms and Flooding Port Orchard
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Category III: Land Shifts
Probability of Occurrence: Medium
The City of Port Orchardis vulnerable tominorland shifts mostly oncoastal cliffs vulnerable to
an earthquake or when significant rainfall saturates vulnerable landslide areas.LIDAR studies
noted in Section III and maps noted in Exhibit PO-5show some minor vulnerable areas. The
areasnoting slide studies 156 through 165 are not within the city limits but do pose a threat to
highways that lead to the downtown area. Additional studies of building stock located in these
areas will be conducted in the future. Initial estimates define residential stock in these locations,
but no critical facilities.Long term mitigation efforts including most restrictions on developing
these areas for use, while in the short term, areas are monitored by Public Works during
significant weather events.Refer to table PO-5Resident in Land Shift Areas.
PO-12
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Exhibit PO-5: LIDAR Data on Land Shift Port Orchard
Source: USGS
City of Port Orchard
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
11,14410319.3
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
6,70873911.0
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
39000.0
Table PO-5: Hazard Data for Land Shifts Port Orchard
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Category IV: Earthquakes
Probability of Occurrence: High
The City of Port Orchard is vulnerable to earthquakes and associated inland tsunamis.The
downtown corridor is alsosusceptible to liquefaction impacting merchants, waterfront marinas,
andthe infrastructure. Exhibit PO-6showsliquefaction susceptibility. Red areas in downtown
note the high risk areas in Port Orchard. Liquefaction in the downtown area could damage major
PO-13
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
roads into downtown from the west, and damage residential and commercial buildings. Along
this corridor are apartment complexes and senior assist facilities. Roads damage would disrupt
life-safety response and alternative routes into downtown.
.
ExhibitPO-6: Liquefaction on Port Orchard
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services
City of Port Orchard
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
11,14411,144100
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
6,7086,708100
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
3939100
Table…hazard Data for Earthquakes: Port Orchard
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
PO-14
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Category VI: Tsunamis
Probability of Occurrence: Medium
There is some potential for a tsunami affecting the City of Port Orchard.Recent studies have
shown that a tsunami affected the area thousands of years ago. Here is the except from the
Kitsap Plan regarding the event:
A recent study produced by Maria E. Martin Arcos entitle “The A.D. 900–930 Seattle-Fault-Zone
Earthquake with a Wider Coseismic Rupture Patch and Postseismic Submergence:
Inferences from New Sedimentary Evidence”suggest evidence of 4-5 m tsunami hitting the
Gorst Area of Sinclair Inlet. The tsunami may have been an outcome of a Seattle fault
earthquake or possibly other events cataclysmic enough to cause an 18 foot tidal wave in the
Puget Sound. Maria Arcos conclusion is
“This study reiterates the threat of multiple hazards associated with earthquakes in the Puget Lowland, of which
tsunamis are prominent in the case of Sinclair Inlet. Tsunami deposits at Gorst and tsunami modeling reiterate the
tsunami threat in this inlet. Evidence for a tsunami in Sinclair Inlet is not unexpected based on the proximity to the
Seattle fault zone and on previous tsunami models (Koshimuraet al., 2002). Simulated wave heights of 4–5 m
indicate tsunamis are not only a threat to the infrastructure in Gorst, but also to the naval base at Bremerton. Tsunami
simulations demonstrate that the higher uplift documented in this study results in almost a meter higher tsunami wave
along Sinclair Inlet. Even an order-of-magnitude smaller Tacoma fault-generated tsunami would generate strong
currents in the narrow straits and harbors near Gorst.Further tsunami simulations in the Puget Lowland including
different fault scenarios would help determine the degree of hazard posed by locally generated tsunamis.”
Exhibit VI-1 (Basic Plan)shows the Gorst area of Kitsap County. As noted on the map, an 4-5
meter tsunamis can significantly affect the Cities of Bremerton and Port Orchard as well as the
Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. This and other studies conclude that inland tsunamis can be
potentially catastrophic and need more attention by those Counties in the Puget Sound Region.
Earthquakes along the Washington coast would cause a surge of seawater along the costal
areas of the Straits of Juan De Fuca’s. Such a tsunami may cause a surge of waterin Puget
Sound affecting the coastal water of the entire area. Considering the number of people living
along the coastal water of Puget Sound, such a wave could have devasting effects on lives as
well as property and infrastructure.Similar damage to life and the economy could occur in Port
Orchard depending on the size of the surge. As noted below, 5.2% of the population resides in
potentially dangerous areas.Damage from such an event may force boats and docks up along
the shoreline damaging facilities and boats.
PO-15
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
City of Port Orchard
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
11,1445825.2
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
6,7081942.9
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
3925.1
Table PO-6: Hazard Data for Tsunamis Port Orchard
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
2012Mitigation Goals and Strategies
Mitigation Strategy
PO-1
Action:
Develop and implement projects to improve control of runoff and flooding.
Lead Department:
City Engineering
Support Agency:
Community Development
Category and Priority:
Cat I/Medium
Probability of Occurrence:
High
Implementation timeline:
Based on size of project and availability of funds
Implementation Costs:
$250,000 per year
Benefit to Cost:
Reduces erosion and road/infrastructure maintenance
Options and Discussion:
When funds are available.
PO-2
Action:
Improve citizen preparedness programs to include mitigating residential structures.
Lead Department:
Kitsap County Emergency Management
Support Agency:
City of Port Orchard
Category and Priority:
All Categories/High
Probably of Occurrence:
High
Implementation Timeline:
Ongoing
Implementation Costs:
$10,000 per year
Benefit to Cost:
Increase disaster preparedness and improve ability for structures to weather a
disaster
Options and Discussion:
This project is ongoing and involves a continued effort to get
neighborhoods involved in preparedness. The County DEM KPREP program for neighborhood
and school preparedness has been widely used, but funds are needed to provide ongoing
training and equipment for preparedness. In addition, a Community Emergency Response
Team (CERT) will be formed for the City of Port Orchard in 2014.
PO-16
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
PO-3
Action:
Pursue seismic upgrades to equipment, infrastructure, and critical facilities
Lead Department:
City of Port OrchardEngineering
Support Agency:
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
Category and Priority:
Cat IV/High
Probability of Occurrence:
High
Implementation timeline:
Ongoing
Implementation Costs:
To be determined as projects are authorized. Agency may pursue
HMG funding and low interest loans to complete projects.
Benefit to Cost:
Beneficial to earthquake survivability
Options and Discussion:
None
PO-4
Action:
Evaluate water and sewer utilities within 50 feet of shoreline
Lead Department:
City of Port OrchardEngineering
Support Agency:
West Sound Utilities District
Category and Priority:
Cat I/High
Probability of Occurrence:
High
Implementation timeline:
3 years
Implementation Costs:
Based on initial assessment of mitigating high tide and winter storm
flood events. Study would costs approximately $150,000.
Benefit to Cost:
Undetermined.
Options and Discussion:
This project would reduce or remove the annual flooding of
merchants in the downtown corridor and reduce flooding of sewer systems during winter storms.
The project would determine the costs of improvements to downtown.
Additionally, the City of Port Orchard has reviewed the mitigation strategies in Section III of the
Kitsap County Plan and will participate in those applicable to the hazards associated with Port
Orchard. Please notethat only the City Council can commit funds and significant resources to any
strategy.
Flooding
The City will participate in the review of flood control and riparian zone management
process with regard to storm water management standards, zoning requirements, and
building codes.
The City will participate in the annual countywide meeting to review regulatory permitting
and maintenance activities in flood-prone areas.
When flooding problems are identified, the City will develop project proposals to reduce
the flooding. Implementation would be dependent upon adequate financing and other
factors.
The City will maintain an inventory of privately-owned storm water systems and use this
data when assessing potential flooding problems.
PO-17
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Severe Storms
As part of its public education program, the City will continue to stress the importance of
being self-sufficient for at least three days with food, water, and other essentials.
The City will continue to maintain its emergency response plan for the water utility.
Land Shifting / Land Sliding
The City will provide available information to the County GIS system to identify potential
landslide areas for GIS mapping.
Earthquake
The City will participate in the countywide seismic risk assessment program with the
Department of Emergency Management as the lead agency.
The City would provide relevant available data to help identify areas prone to ground
motion, land slide, and liquefaction.
To the extent feasible, the City would participate in Kitsap County’s USGS-UW
Geological mapping effort.
The City’s water and sanitary sewer systems will be included in the countywide
assessment in regards to earthquake mitigation.
If appropriate funding programs are available, the City would participate in a program to
encourage seismic retrofitting of public and private properties.
The City will continue to assess the water main and water delivery system and
cooperate with the lead agency, as possible.
The City would incorporate hazard mitigation improvements in the Water System Plan
and Hazard Mitigation Plan, as appropriate.
The City will continue to include seismic retrofit concepts in its public education efforts.
Drought
The City will continue to partner with the water purveyors within the corporate limits to
research and compile water resource data, particularly in the aquifer recharge areas, as
they are identified.
The City will continue to emphasize water conservation, particularly for times of drought.
The City will formulate a policy for water distribution for times of drought
PO-18
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Tsunami
The City will participate in countywide workshops to educate the public about tsunamis
and responses to those events.
The City will participate in countywide tsunami mitigation strategies, as funding is
available.
TheCity will post appropriate tsunami informational signs, if they are provided and
comply with municipal codes.
The City will participate in a countywide public educational effort by distributing
informational brochures.
The City will provide relevant andavailable information to Kitsap County GIS for its
Kitsap County Shorezone Inventory.
The City will participate in the countywide transportation mapping effort by providing
relevant and available information to Kitsap County.
If appropriate funding is available, the City would have a qualified person perform a
geotechnical analysis of the water and sewer utilities within 50 feet of the shoreline.
The City will participate in tabletop training exercises involving large-size debris removal
associated withtsunami.
The City would participate in a countywide review of zoning and land use rules as they
relate to tsunamis.
Terrorism and Civil Disorder
The City will participate in a countywide planning effort to address potential terrorism and
civil disorder.
Multi-Hazards
The City will participate in a comprehensive all-risk road plan.
The City will provide relevant and available information for a countywide critical area
hazard review.
If appropriate funding is available, the City will participate in countywide studies of non-
traditional areas of impacts.
Multi-Hazard Public Education Programs
The City will enhance and support countywide public education programs for multi-
hazard responses.
PO-19
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
The City will support .on-going programs for countywide programs to include public
participation in the planning effort.
The City will participate in a countywide critical risk area educational program.
If appropriate funding is available, the City will participate in countywide public
educational program.
The City will participate in public education programs.
Fire Mitigation Studies
The fire authority for the City is Kitsap County Fire District #7 and the City has a close
working relationship with the firefighting professionals and will continue to cooperateon
joint ventures.
Exhibit PO-7: Soil(Site Class) Port Orchard
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
PO-20
Appendix B.3: City of Port Orchard
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013
Exhibit PO-8: Kitsap County Damage Assessment Map Port Orchard
Source: Kitsap County Emergency Management 2010
PO-21
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
City of Poulsbo, Wa.
Mitigation Plan Revision 2012
Jurisdiction-Specific Vulnerability Assessment and Mitigation
Strategies
Contact Information:
Barry Berezowsky, Director
Planning Department
19050 Jensen Way, PO Box 98,
Poulsbo, Washington 98370. (360) 779-3006
Attachments:
Appendix P.1: City of Poulsbo Asset Profile
Appendix P.2: City of Poulsbo Record of Hearings
City of Poulsbo, Wa.Profile
Overview
Poulsbo is located in north-central Kitsap County. Scandinavian settlers arrived onthe shores
of Liberty Bay more than 100 years ago. Poulsbo became a city in the early 1900’s with fishing
and farming as primary industries. Downtown Poulsbo is located adjacent to Liberty Bay, an
extension of Puget Sound. Many community and regional events, some which celebrate the
Scandinavian heritage, are hosted in Poulsbo parks and historic downtown area. Living among
the saltwater shoreline and low hills provide exceptional views of the Cascade and Olympic
mountain ranges as well as Liberty Bay.Total land is 2,905 Acres.
Community leaders, residents, and business interests strive to maintain a small town character,
while continuing to thrive and grow. Both residential and commercial development continues
through challenging economic times. College Marketplace, which includes the Poulsbo Branch
of Olympic College, continues to develop commercial and residential uses. Poulsbo Place,
winner of numerous local and national awards, is one of a number of residential areas which
continue to develop. A new city hall is one of the current publicprojects.
Population
The population of Poulsbo is 9,200 (2010 census). A large group of professionalstransit daily to
downtown Seattle for employment. The Cityis characterized by professional scientific
employment, construction and education. Citizens of Poulsbo like other cities in Kitsapare
employed at the military installations in Kitsap County. Exhibit P-1shows the City’s population
density and urbanization.
P-1
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Age and Vulnerable Population Distribution
Table P-1shows the distribution of age in Poulsbo. Overall the City’s population is consistent
with other Cities in the County with a number of senior/assist facilities in the Citymostly located
in the city’s urban center. The senior population has grown consistent withthose nationwide.
The senior population is noted in Table P-1and accounts for 23%of the total city population.
City of Poulsbo
Total9,200100%
Age 0-182,18623.8
Population Age
18-624,91553.4
62-Older2,09922.8
(2010 Census)
Table P-1 Population by Age: Poulsbo
Exhibit P-1:Population Density: City of Poulsbo
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
P-2
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Geographical/Topographical Description
The topography in the area is low rolling hills, generally trending north to south. Areas of
wetlands, aquifer recharge, and geological concern, and streams and shoreline are located in
Poulsbo. The highest point in Poulsbo is less than 500 feet. Liberty Bay along the shoreline of
Poulsbo responds to high and lowtides, but is 80% enclosed and isolated from Puget Sound.
Natural creeks like Dogfish Creek are spawning streams for salmon and drain into Liberty Bay.
Exhibit P-2 shows topographic information on the Poulsbo area.
Exhibit P-2:Poulsbo Elevation using LiDAR
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
P-3
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Land Use
Land uses in Poulsbo include residential, commercial, light industrial and open space. North
Kitsap School District is also centered in Poulsbo. Commercial enterprises have increased
significantly to the west with the development of the Olhavaproperty which includes Wal-Mart
and Home Depot as their primary businesses. The property and adjourning areas wereannexed
by the cityas part of the County’s Comprehensive land Growth and Management Program.
Median income is $58.654. Table P-2 and P-3 provide information on housing units in Poulsbo.
Most building stock isresidential homes of wood frame construction. Poulsbo is part of the
County’sDamage Assessment Program for disasters and have identified critical facilities as part
of the program. The City of Poulsbo has identified 66 critical facilities as part of the plan.
City of Poulsbo
Total4,016100%
Detached2,48361.8
Housing UnitsAttached1,23630.7
Mobile Homes2977.3
(2010 Census)Boat/RV000.0
Table P-2: City of Poulsbo Housing Units
City of Poulsbo
TotalBuilt4,016100%
1990-Later1,78444.4
Housing Age 1950-19891,87146.6
1949-Earlier3619.0
(2010 Census)
Table P-3: Housing Age, City of Poulsbo
Business and Industry
The city is primarily residential with commercial businessesin the city core and College Market
Place made up of big box stores. The principle economic base is retail outlets/offices, North
Kitsap School District and light industry. Some citizens, like those on Bainbridge Island,
commute to Seattle daily for work others are part of the military or work at military installations
noted below.
Primary Economic Base
Federal Defense Agencies; Naval BaseKitsap (NBK)Bangor, (NBK)Keyport, (NBK)Bremerton,
Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and support facilities.Commercial, Home Depot, Wal-Mart, and
Central Market.
Transportation, Communications, and Utilities
Poulsbo is served by State Route 305, the main corridor to Bainbridge Island and the
Washington State Ferry System. This route providescross county traffic to and from Seattle to
the East and State Route 3 to the West providing service to the Olympic Peninsula and south to
Bremerton. The City has an extensive system of local public streets with commuter service by
Kitsap Transit.
P-4
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
The City is serviced by Puget Sound Energy and maintains it own sewer and water system.
Kitsap Public Utilities District One provides this service. Communications are provided through
a variety of cell phone servers, Comcast, and Centurylink.
City Infrastructure
Appendix P.1
identifies the Asset profile for the City of Poulsbo.
Critical Facilities:
City of Poulsbo City Hall
City of Poulsbo FormerPolice Station
City of Poulsbo Public Works Office and Shop
North Kitsap School District: Administration Building, North Kitsap Senior High School,
Poulsbo Junior High School, Poulsbo and Vinland Elementary Schools
Olympic College Poulsbo Branch Campus
Fire District #18 Headquarters / Fire Station #71
Health Facilities: Poulsbo Village Medical Center with Regional Hospitals as backup,
North Kitsap Medical Center
Wastewater Treatment Plant: Brownsville via pressurized pipe under Liberty Bay
Wells: 6 operational and one not on line at this time
9 Water TanksWastewater Lift Stations: 9
History of Disasters
Poulsbo has shared the same history of disaster with its other incorporated cities. Most events
involved severe wind and rain except for the Nisqually Earthquake of 2001. Damage was
incurred in the city, but not significant.
Event DateType of EventDeclaration?Declared Disaster?
Dec 2008Severe wind and rain LocalNo assistance
Dec 2007Severe wind and rainLocal, State, Yes
andFederal
Jan 2006Severe wind and rainLocalDid not meet PA threshold
Dec 2006Severe wind and rainLocalDid not meet PA Threshold
Oct 2003Severe wind and rainLocal, state, Local PA Threshold not met.
and FederalIA paid out
Jan2002Severe wind and rainLocal and State Only; presidential
Statedenied
Feb 2001Nisqually EarthquakeLocal,state, YES
and Federal
Dec 1996Severe rain and snow Local, State, Yes
runoff stormand Federal
Nov 1995Severe wind and rain Local, State, Local PA threshold not met
and Federal
Jan 1993Severe wind and rain Local, State No record on file
and Federal
Jan 1992Severe wind and rain LocalNo assistance
Dec 1990Severe wind and rain Local, State Yes
and Federal
P-5
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Dec 1982Severe wind and rain LocalNo assistance
May 1965EarthquakeLocal, state, No record on file
and Federal
Oct 1962Severe wind and rain Local, state No record on file
and Federal
Table P-4: Emergency/Disaster History: City of Poulsbo
Mitigation Planning
Risk Assessment
Section III of this plan provides a thorough assessment of hazards associated with Kitsap
County and its incorporated cities. Although, each city is affected differently, risks significant to
Poulsboarefloods, earthquakes, land shifts, and winter storms.Section III is a synopsis of the
County and cities. This profile provides additional information specific to the City of Poulsbo.
Rating System
The rating system for Poulsbois consistent with the general plan. A rating for each hazard is
definedby high, medium and low based on the information provided in Section II to this plan.
Additional ratings are applied for priority mitigation strategies and Cost analysis.
Overview
As noted earlier, the City of Poulsbohas a history of severe winter storms,land shifts, and
earthquakes.Although other alternatives are possible, mitigation strategies can provide
improvement to the city infrastructure and minimize the loss of life and damage to properties
from such events.Major east/west faultlinesin the Puget Sound Region make Poulsbo
vulnerable to earthquakes. The City of Poulsbocontributes and usesthe County Hazard
Identification and Vulnerability Assessment (HIVA) to set priorities on natural hazardous events.
Althoughannuallythe City is hit by severe winter storms, the greatest threat to Poulsbo is an
earthquake and associated liquefaction in downtown Poulsbo.This type of event could be
catastrophic to not only life-safety, but the economic recovery of its downtown area.
Planning Process
As noted in the basic HMP Plan Update, the City of Poulsboassigned personnel to the
mitigation plan update and through the planning update process, were assigned to the Kitsap
HMP planning committee. Additionally the Citysolicited for inputs from City Departments, City
Council,and the citizens of Poulsbo. The city conducted a notice of public hearing and review of
the HMP for the City as noted in the attachments.
Plans and Ordinances
The plans noted below represent documents that help to manage mitigation efforts in the City of
Poulsbo. Each plan or ordinances dictate measures to insure the safe well-being of its citizens.
Departments responsible for the plan, will insure the mitigation plan is incorporated into each of
the plans listed below.
1. Comprehensive Land Use Plan
This 6 year plan identifies and prioritizes Parks, Opens Spaces and Shoreline Improvements
and mitigation between 2009 and 2014. It is part of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan required
P-6
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
by the Growth Management Act. Effective use of lands to mitigate developments in flood zones
and areas associated with natural or man made hazards.
2. Surface Water Management Plan and Code
This Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) is intended, along with the City's
Comprehensive Stormwater Management Plan, to assist the City in planning, funding, and
implementing a comprehensive program for addressing current and future regulatory and
policy requirements for managing and mitigating stormwater runoff, water quality, flooding
problems, and the City’s natural resources.
3. International Building and Fire Code
The City of Poulsbo adopted the 2009 International Fire Codes with state amendments under
Chapter 15.04 of the Building Code. These codes define building, fire and mitigation practices.
4. Municipal Code
These plans and policies regulate the infrastructure, environment and building codes for the City
Poulsbo. The city follows these codes to mitigate potential damage during catastrophic events.
Mitigate seismic events and other hazards through building structures to withstand or minimize
the effects of these hazards.
5. Zoning Ordinance
Changes and updates to Zoning Ordinances is the responsibility of Planning and Community
Development. It’s mission to coordinate and manage land use activity. Changes and updates to
Zoning Ordinances is the responsibility of Planning and Community Development. It’s mission to
coordinate and manage land use activity. The plan mitigates buildings and the environment in
hazardous locations.
6. Comprehensive Transportation Plan
This transportation planprovides the framework to guide short and long term development and
maintenance of the multi-model transportation system within the city of Poulsbo. It addresses
the mandates of the Growth Management Act under the Revises Code of Washington, Title
36.70A.070.
7. Subdivision Ordinance
The purpose of this chapter is to regulate the subdivision of land within the city limits of Poulsbo
and to require accurate legal descriptions. The controls, standards and procedures set forth in
this chapter shall serve to minimize any expected negative impact of the proposed property use
and mitigates potential damage during catastrophic events.
8. Critical Areas Ordinance
This ordinance defines critical areas (wet lands, areas of critical recharging effect on aquifers
used for water, fish and wildlife habit, frequently flood areas andgeologicallyhazardous areas)
as required by the Growth Management Act. Thisordinance regulates, protects and defines
these Areas under Poulsbo Municipal Code Chapter 16.20.
P-7
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Mitigation Goals and Strategies
2012 Mitigation Goals
The following goals have been defined by the City of Bainbridge Island and are consistent with
those in the basic HMP update.
Goal 1: Eliminate or reduce the long-term risk to human life and property from identified
hazards.
Goal 2: Aid both the private and public sectors in understanding the risks they may be exposed
to and finding mitigation strategies to reduce those risks.
These goals are applied to each of the hazardcategories noted below with associated
strategies for 2012.
The information below provides updates to strategies outlined in the HMP 2004. Strategies may
have been dropped due to lack of funding or resolved.
CategoryStrategyProbability of ImplementRemarks/Status
Occurrenceation time
IVSeismic upgrades to HighOngoingSmall projects accomplished in
equipment, infrastructure, house. Ongoing and remains part
critical facilitiesof our plan
IIInspect and Identify trees and HighOngoingOngoing projects are funded as
objects that pose a hazard funds become available. Remains
during a stormpart of the city’s strategy
The following categories includeunresolved strategies from 2004 or new 2012 strategies.For
priority purposes, the strategies listed in each category are done so in order of importance.
Hazard Assessment by Category
Category I: Flooding
Probability of Occurrence: Medium
City of Poulsbois prone to some flooding, mostly due to significant rainfall. Builtabove the
shores of Liberty Bay, runoff from above fills natural streams which may overflow during
significant rainfall. Significantrainfall events will also cause city sewer systems to be
overwhelmed and cause local urban flooding.Comprehensive land management has helped in
years to reduce urban flooding. Changes to the National Flood Insurance Program and coastal
studies noted in Section III are defining changes to shoreline management aiding building codes
and regulations. Exhibit P-5shows areas susceptible to urban flooding. Some areas are
coastal, but all inland areas are remote with no critical facilities affected and minimal residential
housing affected from potential high water areas.
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
P-8
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
The City of Poulsbo entered into the National Flood Insurance Program in 1979. The most
recent review of the city’s participation in the NFIP was conducted in 2005. During this
Community Assistance Visit (CVA) the reviewers identified one deficiency which was related to
city code. Code changes were made (adopted, closing the CAV, in late 2005).
In recent years, NFIP Flood Insurance Rates Maps (FIRM) has been revised. Some zones
changed mostly reflecting coastlines changes based on better data and evaluation of such
issues as wake and tidal issues. Changes are not significant, although, have increased the
need for some homeowners to file for flood insurance under NFIP.
Exhibit P-3: City of Poulsbo Flood Zones
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
P-9
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Exhibit P-4: Streams and Surface Water, City of Poulsbo
Source: Kitsap County GIS Department
Category II: Severe Storms
Probability of Occurrence: High
As noted in Table P-4, the City of Poulsbois vulnerable to severe weather typically in the winter
months. Severe weather, high winds, significant rainfall, and snow can cause some urban
flooding, damage from falling trees and the potential for landslides due to saturated soils. This
can result in loss of life, damage to homes, and significant power outages. Although
earthquakes have the potential for significant damage and loss of life, severe storms are annual
occurrences, and any mitigation can also minimize the loss of life and damage from other
hazards.
Severe storms affect the entire City of Poulsbo.The location of the Cityis idea for being in the
Puget Sound convergent zones during significant weather events and vulnerable to strong
winds as weather fronts move over the Olympic Mountains. This results in falling trees or
branches and significant power outages. Exhibit P-4 shows the streams and surface water in
the City of Poulsbo. Exhibit P-7 provides hydrology information for the City of Poulsbo. The
colors represent
P-10
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Exhibit P-5: City of Poulsbo Water Hydrology
Table P-5notes how severe storms affect building stock and the citizens in the City.In all
categories,100% of the cityhas the potential for damage and loss of life from severe storms.
City of Poulsbo
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
9,2009,200100
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
3,5163,516100
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
6666100
Table P-5: Hazard Data for Severe Storms and Flooding, city of Poulsbo
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Category III: Land Shifts
Probability of Occurrence: High
The City of Poulsbo is not vulnerable to land shifts based on recent LiDAR studies. Some areas
outside the city are vulnerable as noted in Exhibit P-6.
P-11
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Exhibit P-6:LIDAR Data on Land Shift, City of Poulsbo
Source: USGS
City of Poulsbo
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
9,200000.0
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
3,516000.0
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
66000.0
Table P-6: Hazard Data for Land Shifts, City of Poulsbo
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Category IV: Earthquakes
Probability of Occurrence: High
Like all of Kitsap County, the City of Poulsbo is vulnerable to earthquakes. Some model show
damage from the Seattle Fault associated earthquake as well as faults in South Puget Sound.
Poulsbo experience little damage during the Nisqually earthquake of 2001, mostly due to a
significant number of older homes in the City limits. Although a significant earthquake with
extensive shaking could cause serious damage. Liquefaction in the downtown area could
damage major roads into downtown from the west, and damage residential and commercial
buildings. Along this corridor are apartment complexes and senior assist facilities. Roads
damage would disrupt life-safety response and alternative routes into downtown. Exhibit P-9
shows liquefaction susceptible areas in Poulsbo. The Moderate to high areas are those noted
in the previous discussion. High areas are along the waterfront in the downtown area.
P-12
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Exhibit P-7:Liquefaction in Poulsbo
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services
City of Poulsbo
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
9,2009,200100
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
3,5163,516100
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
6666100
Table P-7: Hazard Data for Earthquakes: Poulsbo
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
P-13
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Category VI: Tsunamis
Probability of Occurrence: Medium
There is some potential for a tsunami affecting the City of Poulsbo. Subduction Earthquakes
along the Washington coast would cause a surge of seawater along the costal areas of the
Straits of JuanDe Fuca’s. Such a tsunami may cause a surge of water along the shores of
Liberty Bay and the city of Poulsbo. As noted below in the map, some areas along the shore of
Liberty Bay may see damage from the surge, but the downtown area would experience little
affect except for the marinas. Damage from such an event may force boats and docks up along
the shoreline damaging facilities and boats. Very little of the population would be affected
except for live-a-boardsand those living in residence along the banks of Liberty Bay. There is
no history of tsunami’s along the Banks of Liberty Bay. Liberty Bay is closed to the Puget Sound
waters and masked by Bainbridge Island from surges. Some damage may be to businesses at
the end of Liberty Bay to the North, but damage from the earthquake mostly more severe.
Exhibit P-8: Tsunami Models, City of Poulsbo
Source: Kitsap County GIS
City of Poulsbo
Total Population in Hazard % Population Affected
PopulationAreaBy Hazard
9,2003453.7
Total Building Building Stock in % Building Stock in Hazard
StockHazard AreaArea Jurisdiction
3,5161153.3
P-14
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Total Critical Total Critical Facilities % Critical Facilities in Hazard Area
Facilities in Hazard AreaJurisdiction
6634.5
Table P-8: Hazard Data for Tsunamis, city ofPoulsbo
Source: Kitsap County GIS and Census 2010
Mitigation Strategy
P-1
Action:
Develop and implement projects to improve control of runoff and flooding.
Lead Department:
City Engineering
Support Agency:
Community Development
Category and Priority:
Cat I/Medium
Probability of Occurrence:
High
Implementation timeline:
Based on size of project and availability of funds
Implementation Costs:
$250,000 per year
Benefit to Cost:
Reduces erosion and road/infrastructure maintenance
Options and Discussion:
When funds are available.
P-2
Action:
Improve citizen preparedness programs to include mitigating residential structures.
Lead Department:
Kitsap County Emergency Management
Support Agency:
City of Poulsbo
Category and Priority:
All Categories/High
Probably of Occurrence:
High
Implementation Timeline:
Ongoing
Implementation Costs:
$10,000 per year
Benefit to Cost:
Increase disaster preparedness and improve ability for structures to weather a
disaster
Options and Discussion:
This project is ongoing and involves a continued effort to get
neighborhoods involved in preparedness. The County DEM KPREP program for neighborhood
and school preparedness has been widely used, but funds are needed to provide ongoing
training and equipment for preparedness. In addition, a Community Emergency Response
Team (CERT) will be formed for the City of Poulsbo in 2014.
P-3
Action:
Pursue seismic upgrades to equipment, infrastructure, and critical facilities
Lead Department:
City of Poulsbo Engineering
Support Agency:
Kitsap County Department of Emergency Management
Categoryand Priority:
Cat IV/High
Probability of Occurrence:
High
Implementation timeline:
Ongoing
Implementation Costs:
To be determined as projects are authorized. Agency may pursue
HMG funding and low interest loans to complete projects.
Benefit to Cost:
Beneficial to earthquake survivability
Options and Discussion:
None
P-15
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
P-4
Action:
Inspect and identify trees and other objects within falling distance of critical facilities to
determine if they pose a hazard during a storm.
Lead Department:
City of Poulsbo
Support Agency:
Kitsap PUD #1
Category and Priority:
Cat II/High
Probably of Occurrence:
High
Implementation Timeline:
Ongoing
Implementation Costs:
$25,000 per year
Benefit to Cost:
reduces problem areas associated with significant wind and rain events.
Options and Discussion:
Areas of improvement are identified and evaluated for future funding
with the budget or as HMG funds are available.
Exhibit P-9: Soil(Site Class): Poulsbo
Source: Kitsap County Department of Information Services 2013
P-16
Appendix B.2: City of Poulsbo
Kitsap County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012
Exhibit P-10: Kitsap County Damage Assessment Map: Poulsbo
Source: KitsapCounty Emergency Management 2010
P-17
APPENDIX C
Hazard Mitigation Plan Maps
Map 1: Kitsap County Urbanized areas per 2010 Census,
Kitsap County GIS
Map 2: Kitsap County Watersheds,
Kitsap County GIS
Map 3: Kitsap County Surface Water,
Kitsap County GIS
Map 1:Kitsap County Urbanized areas per 2010 Census
Kitsap County GIS and Community Development
Map 2: Kitsap County Watersheds
Kitsap County GIS Mapping
Map 3: Surface Water, Kitsap County, Wa.
Kitsap County GIS and Community Development
APPENDIX D
References and Resources
FEMA’s Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance under the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000-
Revision 2007
FEMA RiskMap Coastal Study 2010, FEMA
Kitsap County Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment 2008,Kitsap County
Department of Emergency Management, Bremerton, Wa.
Kitsap County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan 2010, Kitsap County Department
of Emergency Management, Bremerton, Wa.
Kitsap County GIS and Community Development Websites and MappingData, Kitsap County, Wa.
Landslides Triggered by the Winter 1996-97 Storms in the Puget Lowland, Washington(Online)
Rex L. Baum, Alan F. Chleboarad, and Robert L Schuster, Department of Interior and USGS,
1998
Landslides Mapped from LIDAR Imagery, Kitsap County, Washington, Jonathan P. McKenna,
david J. Lidke, and Jeffrey A. Coe, Department of Interior and USGS, 2008
National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System; A Local Guide to Saving Lives,
Preventing Property Damage, and Reducing the Cost of Flood Insurance, FEMA 573, FEMA.
National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating Systems,FEMA, October 2012
The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief Act of 1988
USGS Characterization and Numerical Simulation of the Groundwater Resources on the Kitsap
Peninsula, Kitsap, Mason, and Pierce Counties, Washington, USGS 9722-CWQ, 2012
Washington State Earthquake Scenario Catalog (Online) USGS
APPENDIX E
Critical Areas
Environmentally sensitive areas, which include wetlands fish and
wildlife habitat conservation areas; geologically hazardous areas;
areas with a critical recharging effect on aquifers used for potable
water; and frequently flooded areas. Critical areas have measurable
characteristics which, when combined, create a value for or potential
risk to public health, safety and welfare.
Erosion
The process whereby the land surface is worn away by the action of
water, wind, ice or other processes, and by geologic events such as
gravitational creep or landslides.
Federal
Authorized under Section 404 of the Stafford Act. Provides funding
Emergency
for Hazard Mitigation projects that are cost-effective and comply with
Management
existing post-disaster mitigation programs and activities. These
Agency Hazard
projects cannot be funded through other programs to be eligible.
Mitigation Grant
Program
Floodplain
Areas inundated with water that are typically adjacent to streams,
rivers, lakes, and coastlines and are susceptible to strong winds.
Floodplain (100
Floodplains that have the potential to flood once every 100 years, or
Year)
that have a one percent chance of flooding equal to or in excess of
that in any given year.
Flood Way
An area of land immediately adjacent to a stream or river channel
that, in times of flooding, becomes an enlargedstream or river
channel and carries the floodwater with the highest velocity.
Hazard
Any action taken to reduce or permanently eliminate the long-term
Mitigation
risk to human life and property and the environment posed by a
hazard.
Hazard
The plan resulting from a systematic evaluation of the nature and
Mitigation Plan
extent of vulnerabilities posed by a hazard present in society that
includes the strategies needed to minimize future vulnerability to
hazards.
Landslide
Areas potentiallysubject to landslides, based on a combination of
Hazard Areas
geologic, topographic, and hydrologic factors. This includes areas
with any combination of bedrock, soil, slope, structure, and
hydrology.
LIDAR
Light Detection and Ranging Airborne Laser Mapping. LIDAR
compliments other remote sensing such as ortho-photography and
traditional topographic mapping. LIDAR is able to sense through
vegetation (remove the trees) and produce a map of the actual
topography.
Liquefaction
Liquefaction occurs in areas that havecertain soils, which lack
cohesion and where the water table is close to the surface. Such
soils can lose shear strength and flow like a liquid even during
earthquakes originating beyond Kitsap County.
Riparian Zones
Areas typically consisting of vegetated corridors or areas adjacent to
streams, wetlands, lakes or tidewater and may include some uplands
depending on site conditions. Native vegetation in these areas is
considered to provide a natural barrier, which can prevent or
significantly reduce theamount of pollutants from reaching
waterbodies.
Seismic Hazard
Areas subject to severe risk of damage because of earthquake-
Areas
induced ground shaking, slope failure, settlement, soil liquefaction, or
surface faulting. Settlement can occur in areas with loose,
unconsolidated soil, which can either slide or suddenly drop when
shaken.
Wildfire Urban
Wildland vegetation and forest areas adjacent to or intermingled with
Interface
residential developments.